現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法(共5頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法I現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1.概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has +p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他 4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+have/has + not +p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has。 6.例句：I've w

2、ritten an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.II 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has + 過(guò)去分詞2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情,但動(dòng)作或事情現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。 Someone has just turned off the light. 有人剛把燈關(guān)了。 I have already finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情,但動(dòng)作或事情可能仍在繼續(xù)

3、。I want to see how much the place changed since I saw it last. 我想看看從上次見(jiàn)到那地方以來(lái)它發(fā)生了多大變化。I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從未有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷.Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? 你曾去過(guò)頤和園嗎?I have never had a car. 我從未有過(guò)汽車(chē)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還常與句型 This is the first time，Its the first time

4、 連用。This is the first time he has driven a car. 這是他第一次開(kāi)車(chē)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和最高級(jí)連用表示到現(xiàn)在為止是最的。Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.這是我看過(guò)的最令人厭煩的電影。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 常與不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks等,表示“到目前為止”所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. 還可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)(到說(shuō)話時(shí)仍未結(jié)束)的,表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如:no

5、w, today, this morning (afternoon, evening, week, month, year), these days, since, for a long time等. since短語(yǔ)或從句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)。 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以來(lái)，史密斯先生一直在這工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.他上大學(xué)以來(lái)大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 for短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，for的賓語(yǔ)

6、為時(shí)間段。 We have known each other for twenty years. 我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。 I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她了。 just, lately, recently是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。The train has just arrived. 火車(chē)剛到。Did you see Joan just now? 你剛才看到瓊了嗎？Have you heard from your family lately/recently? 你最近收到家

7、人的來(lái)信了嗎？ in the past few years 意思是“過(guò)去幾年來(lái)”，可作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；in the past意思是“在過(guò)去”，常作一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.過(guò)去幾年來(lái)，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。Where did you work in the past? 你過(guò)去在哪里工作？ even since then與from then on (after that)都有“打那以后”之意，前者是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，后者常用作一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Shes

8、 lived here ever since then. 打那以后，她一直住在這。I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that. 打那以后，我就沒(méi)有吉姆的消息。 before泛指“以前”時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中；ago表示“現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間以前”，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Ive never been to Japan before. 我以前沒(méi)去過(guò)日本。She went to Japan a year ago. 她一年前去了日本。、ever和never也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。前者意思是“曾經(jīng)”，多見(jiàn)于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中；后者意思是“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，表示全部否

9、定?！癏ave you ever seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.”“你曾經(jīng)看過(guò)這部影片嗎？” “沒(méi)有， 從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)?！盢obody in our class has ever been there. 我們班沒(méi)有人去過(guò)那。 already和yet常見(jiàn)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，有“已經(jīng)”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑問(wèn)句中。yet在否定句中有“還”之意。“Has the bus left yet”? “汽車(chē)開(kāi)走了嗎?”“Yes. It has already left.” “是的，已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了?！薄癗o. It hasnt left yet. “不

10、，還沒(méi)有開(kāi)走。 ”so far(到目前為止)，these days(這些天) 也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.到目前為止， 還沒(méi)有人到月球以外旅行。 What have you done these days? 這些天來(lái)，你做了什么事？now, today, this morning, this year等有時(shí)可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，以表示到說(shuō)話時(shí)這一時(shí)間尚未結(jié)束。 I have learned how to swim now. 我現(xiàn)在終于學(xué)會(huì)了怎樣游泳。 Have you seen Han Me

11、imei this morning? 你今天上午看到韓梅梅了嗎？4. 短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry 等。 為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，keep等或短語(yǔ)“be+名詞（形容詞、位置副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)）”來(lái) 代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。become be, beginhave , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, a

12、rrive, get) be here/there/in，leavebe away (from),diebe dead, fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill), finish be over, get to knowknow, joinbe in （be a member of ）, marrybe married等也可以仍用原短暫性動(dòng)詞，用句型“It is since從句（從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）”或用“一般過(guò)去時(shí)+ ago”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表述延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀 態(tài)。 他入黨五年了。He has been in the Party for five years.He ha

13、s been a Party member for five years.It is five years since he joined the Party.He joined the Party five years ago.電影開(kāi)始五分鐘了。The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film beganThe film began five minutes ago.但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)

14、還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。5.have been 與have gone 的用法比較 have been to a place 意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)”，表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去過(guò)南京嗎？You have never been there, have you? 你以前從未去過(guò)那兒，是嗎？I have been to Guiling ,I went ther

15、e last year. 我去過(guò)桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一單項(xiàng)選擇。1. Where is Mr. Liu? - He _the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in2. The students have cleaned the classroom, _?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they3. I like Hainan. I _there three times. A. wen

16、t B. go C. have been D. have gone4. We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years.A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone 5. - How long _you_ your dictionary? - About two months.A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought6. He tells me he_ China for ove

17、r five years.A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to 7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived

18、 there D. has left the university二、按要求改寫(xiě)句子。9. He has never surfed, _(改成反意疑問(wèn)句）? 10. They have been here since 2000 . (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_ have they been here?11. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.(die)12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改寫(xiě)句子，句意不變)This factory _ for twenty years.13. Miss Gao left an

19、hour ago. （改寫(xiě)句子，句意不變）Miss Gao_ an _hour ago.14. The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （改寫(xiě)句子，句意不變）_ two years_ the Green family moved to France.15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （改寫(xiě)句子，句意不變）_.三、動(dòng) 詞 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you

20、 _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2. _ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there?4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _ (go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _ (go) there by air.6. So far, many countr

21、ies _(develop) their software programs.7. Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8. Mr chen _(give) up smoking since last year.四、1）、選用 for和 since填空:1. We havent seen each other _ a long time.2. His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3. The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4. Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5. His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.2）、用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空1. Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.2. Mum is not at home now. She _ th