非限制性定語從句

1、在非限制性定語從句也分成不同的種類，在不同情況下，該從句的使用方法也是不一樣的，在考試中經(jīng)常會考察大家對于該從句不同類型的運用。如果大家不能很好的掌握這些用法，在考試的時候就一定會丟分了，下面就是關(guān)于該從句不同類型的介紹：(1) who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. My elder sister，who is very optimistic，says that she will surely pass the final exam .(2) whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞who

2、m用于指人，在句中作動詞賓語和介詞賓語，作介詞賓語時，介詞可位于句末。如：Peter, whom you came across in the street yesterday, is an excellent cook. Mr. Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is an experienced scientist.(3) whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，在從句中作定語。whose通常指人，也可指動物或無生命的事物。如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies

3、very hard.那位小男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力，他的父親是位工程師。Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在樹林的高處是山，其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.這劇本是那個時期的典型作品，風格拘謹刻板。(4) which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語從句中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短

4、語、其他從句或整個主句，在從句中作主語、動詞賓語、介詞賓語或表語。 which指代主句中的名詞，被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的，還沒有結(jié)過果實。She is an artist，which I am not.她是一位藝術(shù)家，而我不是。Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一種清澈的液體，有許多用途。The

5、 two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were.那兩個警察完全受到信任，事實上，也真是如此。 which指代主句中的形容詞。如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.她對孩子們很耐心，她丈夫卻很少這樣。She is always careless，which we should not be. 她總是馬虎大意，我們可不應(yīng)該這樣。 which指代主句中的某個從句。如：He said that he had never

6、 seen her before，which was not true.他說以前從沒見過她，這不是真的。 which指代整個主句。如：In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有點緊張，這是可以理解的。He may have acute appendicitis，in which case he will have to be operated on.他可能得了急性盲腸炎，如果是這樣，他就得動手術(shù)。When deeply absorbed in work，whi

7、ch he often was，he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他經(jīng)常聚精會神地工作，這時他會廢寢忘食。(5) when引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語，指代主句中表示時間的詞語。如：He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他將把郊游推遲到5月1號，那時他將有空。(6) where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句關(guān)系副詞where在非限制性定語從句中作地點狀語，指代主句中表示地點的詞語。如：They went to Lon

8、don，where they lived for six months.他們?nèi)チ藗惗?，在那兒呆了六個月的時間。They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held.他們昨天抵達那里, 有一個關(guān)于銷售的談判在那兒舉行。(7) as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句as引出非限定性定語從句時，代替整個主句，對其進行說明但通常用于像as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned

9、above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語，且引出的從句位置比較靈活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號將其與主句隔開。as有“正如， 就像”之意。 如：As it known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.美國人都知道，馬克?吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。(as在從句中作主語)He forgot to bring his pen with

10、him, as was often the case. 他忘了帶筆，這是常事。(as在從句中作主語)He is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神貫注地工作，他過去經(jīng)常這樣。(as在從句中作表語)Boy as he was， he was chosen king. 他雖是孩子，卻被選為國王。(as在從句中作表語)as we all know, the earth is round.眾所周知，地球是圓的。 (as在從句中作賓語)The two brothers were satisfied with this decision，as was agre

11、ed beforehand.兩兄弟對此決定都滿意，這項決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。(as在從句中作主語)Taiwan is，as you know，an inseparable part of China.你知道，臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分。(as在從句中作賓語)(8)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在介詞后引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系代詞which有時并不代表主句中某一確定的詞，而是概括整個主句的意思。介詞的選擇取決于它與先行詞的搭配或與從句中謂語動詞的搭配。They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines

12、，without which the yield would be halved. 他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒，沒有它們產(chǎn)量會減少一半。They thanked Tom，without whose support they would not have succeeded.這些鄰居是北京來的，昨天我被介紹同他們認識了。(9)“名詞/代詞+of+which / whom”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句It now has 20，000 hectares of land，more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 現(xiàn)在它擁有兩萬公頃土地，其中三分之二

13、之多已經(jīng)耕種。Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometeThere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大廳里有三十把椅子，絕大部分是新的。he textile mill has over 8，000 workers and staff，eighty per cent of whom are women. 這家紡織廠有8千多職工，女職工占百分之八十。通過對該從句的講解，大家可以看出，它的種類真的是非常多，不同的詞

14、語引導(dǎo)的從句用法都是不同的，大家要學(xué)會區(qū)分不同用法所表示的含義。雖然該從句在選擇題中考察的非常多，但是大家在閱讀題中也會看見這樣的從句，所以說，大家學(xué)習(xí)語法知識并不只是為了語法的題目，它對于大家整個英語水平的提升都是非常有幫助的。除此之外大家還要注意一些非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的特殊情況：1.非限制性定語從句不可用that引導(dǎo)， 在非限制性定語從句中用who(作主語) / whom(作賓語)指人，用which(作主語 / 賓語)指物， 用whose作定語(指人 / 物)。例如：The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, at

15、tracted a lot of attention.這位試圖打反擊的著名籃球明星吸引了眾人的關(guān)注。The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.這部電影很有教育意義， 它的導(dǎo)演是位老人。2.關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時不可省略，若指人時，只用whom，不用who。例如：York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.我去年訪問過的約克是個古老而美麗的城市。Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.請把這本書交給杰西卡，就是剛才我們在大廳里遇到的那位。3.非限制性定語從句不可用why引導(dǎo)，