漫談寫作的提高和與課本的結(jié)合

1、漫談寫作的提高和與課本的結(jié)合寫作，無論是中文還是英文，都是一個(gè)人文學(xué)修養(yǎng)和個(gè)人 觀點(diǎn)的綜合體現(xiàn)。還記得當(dāng)初對老師評價(jià)筆者的作文一一買 犢還珠（即空有華麗外表而內(nèi)在的分析論述不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)）。所 以，在此筆者就不談如何提高作文的內(nèi)涵，因?yàn)檫@也是筆者 亟待提高之處。但是，對于應(yīng)試作文，尤其是批改不超過2 分鐘的作文來說，華麗的外表起到至關(guān)重要的作用。因?yàn)? 考官們不可能在很短時(shí)間內(nèi)深究作者是否思維緊密，邏輯清 晰。相反，好的句型和一些課本中的“高級”詞匯卻能使考 官眼前一亮，使考官精神為之一振。所以，筆者今天著重 與大家漫談如何利用課本和一些寫作“微訓(xùn)練”來提高寫作 能力?？v觀高考的作文類型（即basi

2、c writing:基礎(chǔ)寫作，又譯 作小作文，task-based writing：!寫任務(wù)，又譯作大作文）， 我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)高考英語作文不外乎就是考我們?nèi)龢訓(xùn)|西：縮寫能力項(xiàng)語法規(guī)則的運(yùn)用+提煉核心信息/舉例論述能力一一細(xì)節(jié)描寫和發(fā)表議論/句型的運(yùn)用與表達(dá)。筆者認(rèn)為, 小作文雖然只寫五句話，但是只要三個(gè)必要的語法規(guī)則（即 非謂語/定語從句/名詞性從句）掌握了，應(yīng)該就不難在有限的句子內(nèi)將所有必要的信息表達(dá)完整。而想在小作文里面要拿高分，我們應(yīng)該注意的是閃光的詞。下面，我們就用必修 一第五單元的節(jié)選課文為例子，講解如何結(jié)合課本來提高基 礎(chǔ)寫作。eliases story1. my name is e

3、lias. i am a poor black worker in south africa. the time when i first met nelson mandela was a very difficult period of my life. i was twenty years old. it was in 1952 and mandela was the black lawyer to whom i went for advice. he offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. he was

4、 generous with his time, for which i was grateful.i needed his help because i had very little education. (i began school at six. the school where i studied for only two years was three kilometers away i had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. i coul

5、d not read or write well) after trying hard, i got a job in a gold mine. however, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in johannesburg sadly i did not have it because i was not born there, and i worried about whether i would become out of work 2. the day when nelson mandela he

6、lped me was one of my happiest. he told me how to get the correct papers so i could stay in johannesburg i became more hopeful about my future i never forgot how kind mandela was.在“w+h”的原則下找到六個(gè)必要的信息點(diǎn)，然后我們就開始用上述的語法規(guī)則組織文章?？纯聪旅婀P者寫的一篇basicwriting的范例：suitable abbreviation:elias, an improvised black worke

7、r in south africa, initially met nelson mandela at the age of twenty in 1952, which was a rather tough moment throughout his life time because of limited education, which caused his lack of writing and reading, he got a job in a gold mine with great effort however, he failed to get the pass book his

8、 due to identihcation, making him confuse about his future fortunately, it was nelson mandela, (a benevolent person persisting in elias9 mind), who guided elias to solve the problem perfectly as well as brought back hope to him.看完上面的示范，不知大家悟出了什么沒有？沒錯(cuò)一一課本是 我們提高寫作的最好法寶之一!很多人可能讀完筆者寫的第一篇 文章后就覺得有些難完成，事實(shí)上

9、，英語能力提高的核心還是應(yīng) 用。如果只是單純記憶的話，不僅會較快的遺忘還沒有起到提高 的效果。在每天的復(fù)習(xí)中，我們都應(yīng)該把背的東西用到老師布置 的任務(wù)和作業(yè)中去，這樣才會感到每天復(fù)習(xí)有所收獲而不是重復(fù) 無謂的填鴨o筆者在撰寫第一篇關(guān)于記憶單詞的文章時(shí)便制作了兩份目錄，就是為了讓大家有一個(gè)分類的導(dǎo)向。按照自己感興趣 或者不熟的分類入手復(fù)習(xí)，這樣既節(jié)省時(shí)間又可以真正提高。筆 者在這篇文章開頭提到小作文的一些要點(diǎn)在范例中有明顯體現(xiàn)。 這也是為什么筆者強(qiáng)調(diào)要用課本的原因，課本內(nèi)容大家學(xué)過一遍 對內(nèi)容比較熟悉，提煉信息起來沒有那么困難和耗時(shí)。如果說語 法規(guī)則在短時(shí)間掌握不是那么容易的話，我們可以試著從換

10、亮眼 的單詞入手。（詳情請見編者做的實(shí)用詞表）其實(shí)所謂“亮眼” 的詞就是意思相近，比較少人用的詞匯，這些詞可以為考官消除 閱卷時(shí)候的“視覺疲勞”從而起到提分的作用。但也要注意，這 些詞不用積累太多，關(guān)鍵是會用。（筆者對tough情有獨(dú)鐘，用 了至少50遍）不然亮眼詞匯記得多，忘得也多就浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。另外，補(bǔ)充一個(gè)關(guān)于“and，連接的句子算不算兩個(gè)句子的問題。筆者從前一直不敢確定這個(gè)問題的答案，直到最近做完一整本語 法書后，總算可以給出一個(gè)明確的解答："and"在英語中是一個(gè)典型的連詞，是連接兩個(gè)分句的，所以形如and”形式的只能算是一個(gè)分句,而不是完整的句子。（少數(shù)情況下an

11、d可以放在句首，但僅僅起到連接句子的作用沒有實(shí)質(zhì)意義）看完了 basic writing,我們再來看看 task-based writing （大作文）。我們先來看看2011 r東高考英文的大作文。2011年： 閱讀sam在寄宿學(xué)校的想家經(jīng)歷的文章?？吹竭@個(gè)熟悉的題目（我們都寫過類似的文章），不知你們有沒 有把他們聯(lián)系到課本的習(xí)慣？ 11年這篇很自然讓我們產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想（b7u5traveling abroadxie lei）其實(shí)高考的作文，應(yīng)該多 多少少能從課本中找到一些影子，所以結(jié)合好課本就可以做到心 中有數(shù)了。不得不提的是，課本還是一本絕好的句型書，課文之 所以成為課文就是因?yàn)樗麄儍?nèi)容符合且寫

12、作水平極高。（其中的 名言警句更是如此），大家與其盲目的找什么句型書，找什么作 文指南，還不如真正把課本里的句子翻譯做好。但不是簡簡單單 的做，是用我們最近流行的“穿越”；就是根據(jù)每篇文章的編排 結(jié)構(gòu)，用一本課本里面的句型或語法,來寫另外一本課本的內(nèi)容。下面我們來看看筆者的一個(gè)范例:1.1 worried about whether i would become out of work. (b1u5)2 i wonder if it is because i haven% been to be outdoors for so long that pve grown so crazy about

13、 everything to do with nature i can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbind. (b1u1)下面我們用b1u1里面的句型改寫第一句，用b6的語法虛擬語 氣改寫第二句。suitable transformation: 1 i wonder whether i would become jobless（i wonder+if/whe

14、ther/that+從句：我想知道是否/）2.1 wouldnt have led a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers can have kept me spellbind if i hadnt been outdoors for so long看完上面的范例，大家應(yīng)該可以對這個(gè)方法有一些認(rèn)識了吧。其 實(shí)在復(fù)習(xí)階段，每天做句型練習(xí)的目的就是掌握核心的語法規(guī)則 和句型結(jié)構(gòu)，如果能順利在合乎邏輯的前提下隨意“穿越”，要 想在高考中拿高分就不難了。其實(shí)，考官還有一點(diǎn)是要看的就是 你對課本的

15、熟悉程度而句型和語法則是他們對這點(diǎn)的評分準(zhǔn)則。 不信，我們來看看09年的滿分大作文：高考滿分作文1（1號題）dear editor,（ fm writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.）60% of usschoolmates think that an entrance fee do not meet people's expectations, for a park is considered to be

16、 a place where the public can have a good time when they are not busy either at home or at work if an entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build a gate and surrounding walls. in the end a city will take on a bad look. 40% of us schoolmates think that an entra

17、nce fee can be accepted, but it must not be too expensive the money from ticket selling can be used for paying the gardeners in the park and buying some other kinds of flowers and treeswith regard to myself, i think an entrance fee is useful, for it canbe used to protect a park do we share the same

18、opinion, dear editor?yours truly,li hua事實(shí)上，筆者認(rèn)為篇文章辭藻并不華麗，勝在句型豐富多樣，且 所使用的句型都出自課本，給人熟悉的感覺。另外，結(jié)尾使用反 問的語氣較為新穎，有別于一般議論性的文章。從上面的例子和 考場作文，我們可以肯定的說，弄好課本是大作文是十分關(guān)鍵的 一步。l=j:后，在給大家補(bǔ)充一個(gè)結(jié)合寫作和背單詞的“微訓(xùn)練”方法一一由詞引文法。當(dāng)我們背一些較高級一些的課本詞匯（即星號的一些專有名詞如amphibian兩棲類和reptile爬行類等等）， 要想用在一般的寫作訓(xùn)練上是比較難的。這是我們不妨用逆向思 維，把先要背的單詞寫出來。從中選出一個(gè)作為整篇文章的核心 詞（即所寫內(nèi)容均圍繞這個(gè)詞）這樣既可以起到背單詞，又可以 鍛煉寫作（這個(gè)方法適合一個(gè)有計(jì)劃性的背單詞周期和時(shí)間，建 議大家在高考之后在大學(xué)時(shí)攻克四六級的寫作訓(xùn)練時(shí)使用），下 面筆者再提供一個(gè)范例（題目為實(shí)用