語法非謂語動詞講課

1、非謂語動詞非謂語動詞非謂語動詞非謂語動詞: a.動詞不定式（動詞不定式（to） do sth b.動名詞動名詞 V-ing c.分詞分詞( 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 過去分詞過去分詞)考點一：不定式考點一：不定式在句中可以作在句中可以作除謂語外的任何成分除謂語外的任何成分動詞不定式的用法動詞不定式的用法I.作主語作主語 (1)不定式做主語時，常用不定式做主語時，常用it作形式主語，將作形式主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 To learn English well is useful。=It is useful to learn English well。

2、句型句型1：It s+adj+ to do 句型句型2：Its + n. + to do Its our duty _ help the poor.It is important_ learn math well. to to 句型句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品（是形容人的品質(zhì)的質(zhì)的 ）e.g.It is easy _ me to finish this work before ten. It is very kind _ you to g

3、ive me some help.Its impolite _ you to speak to the teacher like that. for of of 2.作賓語作賓語 (1)常見動詞有：常見動詞有：like, expect, want,begin, refuse, offer, fail, learn, seem, , forget, want, , afford, wish等等e.g.They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they? He said he wished _( be ) a professor. to be to get (2

4、)it作形式賓語作形式賓語 find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj + to do sth. 1.I find_ easy_ read English every day. 2.We think _ important _ obey the law.3.I think _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day. to it to it to it 3)在某些句型中，省去在某些句型中，省去to的。的。Why not do.?Why dont you do.? had better do. would rat

5、her do.Could /Would /Will you please do.?3.作賓語補足語作賓語補足語1）want, ask, tell,allow,encourage,advise等等e.g. 我的媽媽鼓勵我學(xué)英語。我的媽媽鼓勵我學(xué)英語。My mother encourages me to learn English。否定形式：否定形式： . sb not to do sth tell sb not to do sth 2）在動詞）在動詞feel （一感），（一感），hear, listen to（二（二聽），聽），have, let, make（三讓），（三讓），notice, s

6、ee, watch, look at（四看）等后面的補足語中，不（四看）等后面的補足語中，不定式不帶定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，必須帶，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，必須帶to。如：。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(3)help后面作賓語補足語的不定式可以帶后面作賓語補足語的不定式可以帶to,也也可以不帶可以不帶to. I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things. 練一練：練一練：1.

7、He is often heard _(sing) the song. 2.Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate. to sing cry to cry 4. 動詞不定式作定語動詞不定式作定語 動詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代動詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語。例：詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語。例： She has no paper _. 她沒有紙寫她沒有紙寫字？字？ When is the best time_ ?什么時

8、候是種植蔬菜的最好時間？什么時候是種植蔬菜的最好時間？ Do you have something_ ? 你這有喝的嗎？你這有喝的嗎？ I have some clothes _to write on to plant vegetables to drink to wash 動詞不定式（短語）作定語修飾名詞時，與其所動詞不定式（短語）作定語修飾名詞時，與其所修飾的詞具有一種動賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動修飾的詞具有一種動賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞時，其后應(yīng)加上一個含義上所需詞為不及物動詞時，其后應(yīng)加上一個含義上所需要的介詞。例：要的介詞。例： I have no chair _.我我沒

9、有椅子坐。沒有椅子坐。 He has no house_ .他沒有他沒有房子住。房子住。to sit on to live in 5. 動詞不定式作狀語：動詞不定式作狀語：目的狀語目的狀語、原因狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語等結(jié)果狀語等 Mr Lee will go to Hangzhou _ the West Lake. 李先生將會去杭州參觀西湖。李先生將會去杭州參觀西湖。(目的目的) They got up early _ the early bus.他他們早起去趕早班車。們早起去趕早班車。 有時可以把不定式（短語）提前，放于句首，有時可以把不定式（短語）提前，放于句首，表示強調(diào)目的。例：表示強

10、調(diào)目的。例： _, he went to England. 為了學(xué)好英語，他去了英國。為了學(xué)好英語，他去了英國。to visit to catch To learn English well 6，疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式作賓語的動詞作賓語的動詞:可以轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句（可以轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句（should，can）e.g. 他不知道要去哪里。他不知道要去哪里。He didnt know where to go。=He didnt know where he should go 7作表語作表語Their duty is _ the animals. 他們的職責(zé)是照看動物。他們的職責(zé)是照看動物。to l

11、ook after練一練：練一練：1. We advise parents_their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.A not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave2. The WWF is working hard _the animals in danger.A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved3. -Simon,what do I need to take for the hiking? -Youd bette

12、r_ more water than usual.Its hot today.A. to take B. take C. taking D. tookBBB6. Jenny,you should practice as often as you can_the piano competition.A. fail B to fail C,win D to win7. _enery, turn off the hot water after you take a shower.A. Save B. Saving C Saved D To save8. -Why dont you go out to

13、 play,Rose? - Im afraid I cant . I have much homework_A. do B. does C. doing D. to do9. -I often chat with my friends on the Internet.-You are so smart! Will you please tell me_.A. how to do B. how to do it C. how to use D when can I use itDDDB1. 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：動名詞由動名詞由“動詞原形動詞原形ing”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成2. 用法：用法：主語，賓語主語，賓語，定語

14、，表語，定語，表語考點二 動名詞 1作主語作主語 ，謂語用單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)Playing computer games too much _(be)bad for your eyes.過度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻?。過度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻?。is2作賓語作賓語常接動名詞作賓語的動詞或短語有常接動名詞作賓語的動詞或短語有 enjoy, finish, consider (考慮考慮), miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant help(忍不?。?，忍不?。琣void（避（避開）開）, be

15、used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, keepfrom, look forward to, stopfrom, have fun等。等。e.g.Have you finished _ the book?你讀完這本書了嗎？你讀完這本書了嗎？reading1)She sat there without _ (speak) I look forward to_ (see) him again.Are you used to _ (live) there alone? When my father heard t

16、he news, he couldnt help _ (laugh).I dont feel like _ (go) to see the film. He was busy _ (prepare) his lessons主動表被動主動表被動: The room wants _ (clean). The method needs _ (improve). This pair of shoes require _ (mend). The problem needs_ (work out). The question is well worth _ (discuss)3作表語作表語The nurs

17、es job is _ the patients.護士的工作是照顧病人。護士的工作是照顧病人。4作定語作定語I often go to the _. 我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。looking afterreading room區(qū)別：區(qū)別： 有些詞既可接不定式又可有些詞既可接不定式又可接接v.ing形式作賓語，但表達的意義不同。形式作賓語，但表達的意義不同。常見的有：常見的有：(1)stop to do sth停下來去做另外一件事停下來去做另外一件事stop doing sth停止做某事停止做某事、(2)try to do sth 試圖試圖(企圖企圖)做某事做某事 try doing st

18、h嘗試著做某事嘗試著做某事(3)forget to do sth忘記要去做某事忘記要去做某事(還沒做還沒做)forget doing sth忘記做過了某事忘記做過了某事(已做已做)(4)remember to do sth記著要去做某事記著要去做某事 (還沒做還沒做)remember doing sth記得做過了某事記得做過了某事 (已做已做)(5)go on to do sth做完一件事后做完一件事后接著接著做另做另外一件不同的事外一件不同的事go on doing sth繼續(xù)做原來所做的同一繼續(xù)做原來所做的同一件事件事(6)need doing(某事某事)需要做需要做(被動含義被動含義)n

19、eed to do 需要去做某事需要去做某事(主動含義主動含義)（7）allow sb to do sth 允許某人做某事允許某人做某事 allow doing sth 允許做某事允許做某事 鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1. We dont allow students _(go) out on weekdays. We don;t allow_(smoke) here.to gosmking2. _about it for a moment.停下來想一會。停下來想一會。_,please. 請停止說話。請停止說話。3. Please remember _(post) my letter.請記得把我的信

20、寄走。請記得把我的信寄走。I remember_(post) your letter.我記得把你的信寄出去了。我記得把你的信寄出去了。4. I forget_(bring) my homework.我忘記帶作業(yè)了。我忘記帶作業(yè)了。 I forgot _(bring) my homework。我忘記已經(jīng)把作業(yè)帶來了。我忘記已經(jīng)把作業(yè)帶來了。Stop to thinkStop talkingto postpostingto bringbringing5. I mean_(go),but my father would not allow me to.Doing that means_(waste)

21、 time.to go wasting考點三：分詞考點三：分詞（一）分詞的作用（一）分詞的作用 現(xiàn)在分詞表示：主動，動作正在進行。現(xiàn)在分詞表示：主動，動作正在進行。過去分詞表示：被動，動作已經(jīng)完成。過去分詞表示：被動，動作已經(jīng)完成。1作定語作定語Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun2作表語作表語We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3作賓語補足語作賓語補足語I heard him singing a song in the classroom.Hell have his hair cut after school.達標檢測：達標檢測：( )1. He didnt feel like _ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold.A. to go B. goes C. gone D. going( )2. Do you know th