2020年高三英語語法講解及練習(xí)題：虛擬語氣

1、重難點分析虛擬語氣是英語中一個較大的語法項目，高考語法填空和短文改錯都曾經(jīng)設(shè)過考點，考生 應(yīng)予以重視。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣、疑問語氣和感嘆語氣五類C 虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議，而不是表示客觀存在的事實。此外如需表達 主觀愿望或某種強烈的感情時，也可用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。一.虛擬語氣在從句中的用法和構(gòu)成一覽表類別用法例句與現(xiàn)在事從句動詞：過去式（be多用were,但在If he Were here, he WOUld help實相反口語中，如果主語是第一/三人稱，beus.如果他在這，他會幫我們動詞可用WaS）；主句動詞：的。

2、ShOUld/would/CoUld/might+動詞原形if引導(dǎo)的與過去事從句動詞：had+過去分詞；主句動詞：If I had been free, I WOUld條件狀語實相反ShOUId/would/COUld/might + have+過have ViSited you.如果我那時從句去分詞有空，我就會去拜訪你了。與將來事從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/If it ShOUId rain tomorrow, We實相反were+不定式；主句動詞：WOUlCl not go CamPing.女口果ShOUICl/would/COUld/might + 動詞原形明天下雨，我們就

3、不去露營TOThey are talking WaS if theyas if/though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用過去式或過were/ had been friends for其他狀語去完成式y(tǒng)ears.他們交談著，好像是多從句年的老朋友。even if/though引導(dǎo)的從句，與現(xiàn)在/將來事實相反 時,從句動詞用過去式,主句動詞用ShOUICl/would+ 動詞原形；與過去事實相反時，從句動詞用had+ 過去分詞，主句動詞用ShOUId/would+ have+過去 分詞EVen if We failed, We WOUldrft IOSe courage.即使我們失敗 了，我們也不會失去

4、勇氣。demand, require, advise, suggest, OrderJ insist(堅持He SUggeStecl that We要求)等表命令、建議、要求的動詞后所接的賓語從(ShOUld) not Change OUr mind.賓語從句句中的動詞用(should)+動詞原形他建議我們不要改變主意。WiSh后所接的賓語從句中的謂語動詞分別用過去I WiSh I COUId be a POP singer.式、過去完成式和COUICl/would+動詞原形表示與現(xiàn)我希望我是一名流行歌手。在、過去和將來情況相反的假設(shè)在 It is necessary/important/st

5、range that, It isIt is Strange that SUCh a主語從句suggested/ demanded/ordered/requested that等PerSOn ShOUId be OUr friends.后所接的主語從句中，謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原很奇怪的是這樣一個人會成形為我們的朋友。My advice is that you (ShOUld)表語從句idea, advice, Orderl dema nd, request 等表命令、建finish your homework first 我和同位語議、要求的名詞后所接的表語從句和同位語從句中的建議

6、是你首先應(yīng)該做完家從句的謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形庭作業(yè)。The idea that you (ShOUld) gois nght.你走的建議是正確的。其他句型中It is （high） time that ”句型中定語從句的謂語動詞 用過去式或should+動詞原形（優(yōu)先使用過去式）It is high time that We left. 該 是我們離開的時候了。WOUld rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去 完成式I WOUld rather you Stayed at home now.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在待 在家里。if Only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強

7、烈的愿望If Only OUr dream had COme true!要是我們的夢想成真該多好！二、其他要注意的事項1. 虛擬語氣中出現(xiàn)be的過去式，在口語中，當(dāng)主語是第一、三人稱單數(shù)時，可用was,但在if的倒裝句中只能用WereO如:Were I you, I WOUId apologize to her.如果我是你的話, 我就會去向她道歉C2. SUggeSt表“暗示、表明”和InSiSt表“堅持認(rèn)為"時，其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣。如：YOUr PaIe face SUggeStS that you are ill.你蒼白的臉色表明你生病了。He insisted that

8、he WaS right.他堅持認(rèn)為他是對的。（ insist表“堅持要求"時,其后的賓 語從句則要用虛擬語氣）3. if虛擬語氣條件句中如有had, ShOUIdI Werei可省略if,并將這些詞提前引起倒裝。如： Were I you, I WOUId remain.如果我是你，我會留下來。Had you told me earlier, I WOUId,t have missed it.如果你早點告訴我,我就不會錯過它4. 可用WithOUtl but for構(gòu)成的介詞短語代替虛擬語氣條件句。如:BUt for your help, I WOUId have failed t

9、he exam.如果沒有你的幫助，我不會通過考試的。WithOUt water, there WOUId be no life.沒有水，就沒有生命。5. as if/though, even if/though引導(dǎo)的從句也可以不用虛擬語氣，表示真實的情況。如:It IOOkS as if it is going to rain.看起來似乎要下雨了?？键c練透一、單句填空用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. If he(Warn), he(not take) that foodLUCkily he WaS Sent to the hospital immediately2. When a PenC

10、il is Partly in a glass Of water, it IOOkS as if it(break).3. I WOUIcl rather they(not hear) Of the news.4. I WiSh(have) a room Of my WOn When I WaS a ChiIcl5. BUt for the teacher, I(not Change) my attitude to StUdy yet.6. WithOUt air to hold SOme Of the SUrfS heat, the earth at night(be) freezingCO

11、ldf too COld for US to stay.7. If I had WOrked harder at SChOOIt I(Sit) in a COmfOrtabIe OffiCe now.8. Her Pale face SUggeSted that She(be) ill1 and her COlIeagUeS SUggeSted thatShe(have) a medical examination.9. 丨 inSiSted he(go) to See a doctor, but he insisted nothing(be)WrOng With him.10. He ask

12、s that he(give) an OPPOrtUnity to explain Why he has refused to gothere.11. It is high time We(get) down to discuss this PlarL12. If it Were not for the fact that you(be) too busy, I WOUId ask you to help medo this right now.13. WhO do you SUggeSt(Send) to WOrk there?14. I WOUId have COme earlier, b

13、ut I(not know) that you Were Waiting for me.15. If it(rain) tomorrow, the OUting WOUId be CanCeIIeCl16. If there Were no airt PeOPle(die).17. If he(StUdy) harder, he might PaSS the exam.18. If he(take) my advicef he WOUld not have made SUCh a mistake19. We WOUld rather you(go) here tomorrOw.20. It i

14、s high time that you(go) to PiCk UP your daughter at SChOOL二、語篇填空用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。I am a middle SChOOl student. I have many dreams. If there (be) not SO much homework, I WOUId have more time to do What I Iike to do. HOW I WiSh I 2(IiSten) tomy favorite music for an hour aday and 3 (PIay) table tennisf

15、oran hour in themorning. It is my desire that We 4(hold)evening PartieS Or 5 (Organize)SOme interesting activities at Weekend I SUggeSt that there 6 (be) not SO many tests. YOU Can inagine What Iife 7 (WiII) be if I 8 (realize) my dream BUt I must fact the exams. WithOUt good marks, I 9 (WiII) not e

16、nter my ideal University Anyway, it,s high time that I 10 (encourage) myself and WOrked hard from now on.三、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。What Will happen if ice CaPS melt? The IeVel Of the WOrId,s OCeans WiIl rise2 this isnot the real PrOblemI the PrOblem is that these White ice CaPS reflect S

17、Unlight, much Of _2 is reflected back into space, in turn 3 (COOI) earth, but With the ice CaPS melting, _4 OnIy reflector is the OCean, darker COIOr absorbs SUnlight CaUSing further Warrning Of the earth WhiCh Can be UP to 80 OC WhiCh is fatal (致命的)and Can CaUSe 5 (extinct) Of all IiVing Organisms.

18、 If all the ice melted, north and SOUth POIel Antarctica, Greenland, and all, Sea IeVeISWOUld nse 6175 and 225 feet. Coastal areas WOUld essentially disappear, and roughly a third Of the earth,s existing Iandmass (大陸) 7 (flood). It is estimated that 60% Of the WOrldTS POPUlatiOn IiVeS in the COaStal

19、 Plains. Many inland areas WOUld be affected as WeIlI 8 Water tables, rivers, and IakeS WOUld all rise 9 their PreViOUS heights.The animals that IiVe in the COld (POIar bears, Penguins and arctic foxes) WiIl become endan gered MOSt important Of allf there are many Other IO(Predict) bad results human

20、 may befaced With Are you afraid Of that now?助讀詞匯reflectOr n.反射物absorb Vt 吸收essentially adv.基本上rOUghIy adv.粗略地plain .平原in turn轉(zhuǎn)而IiVing OrganiSm 生物體COaStal area沿海地區(qū)arctic fox北極狐be UP to 達至IJnorth and SOUth POle 北極和南極It is estimated that - 據(jù)彳古計參考答案考點練透一、單句填空1. had been Warned; WOUldn't have taken

21、2 Were broken 3. hadrt heard 4. had had5. WOUIdrt have Changed 6. WOUId be 7. WOUICl be Sitting 8 was; (ShOUld) have 9. (ShOUId) go; WaS IO. (ShOUld) be give 11. got 12. are 13. be Sent 14. Ciidrft know 15.ShOUICl/were to rain 16. WOUlcl die 17. StUdied 18. had taken 19. Went 20. Went二、語篇填空1. Were 2. IiStened 3. PIayed 4. (ShoUld) hold 5. (ShOUld) Organize 6. (ShOUld) be 7.WOUld 8. realized / ShOUId realize / Were to realize 9. WOUId 10. enCOUragecl三、語法填空如果地球上的冰帽都融化的話，會發(fā)生什么？