2022年英語學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力考點(diǎn)必背教師資格證

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力筆記（英語）一、語音考點(diǎn)（一）元音 vowels 考點(diǎn) 1：元音的舌位圖我們先來看看英語單元音的舌位圖（p70）。圖的 左方 為口腔的前部， 右方為其后部。 豎線把舌頭分成前中后三個(gè)部分；橫線表示牙床的開合程度，圖中的圓點(diǎn) 表示元音音素發(fā)音時(shí)舌頭抬得最高的那一部分在口腔中的位置。單元音可按發(fā)音時(shí)舌頭前、 中、后哪一部分抬得最高而分成三類：前元音，中元音，后元音（back vowels）。元音一般從四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行描述：舌位（high, mid, low），舌頭最高部位的位置（ front, central, back），長度（ long, short）或緊張度（

2、tense, lax），唇的開口度（ rounded, unrounded）音標(biāo)描述匯總：i: high front tense unrounded vowel ? high front lax unrounded vowelu: high back tense rounded vowel ?即u high back lax rounded vowel : 或?: central tense unrounded vowel ? central lax unrounded vowel e mid-high front lax unrounded vowel 從圖中可以看到， /i:/ 與/?/

3、都是前元音, 但是發(fā) /i:/ 時(shí)牙床近于全合；發(fā)/?/ 時(shí)，牙床近于全開。可見，發(fā)音時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)口的開張程度就產(chǎn)生的不同的前元音。精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁，共 4 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載? low front lax unrounded vowel mid-low backlax unrounded vowel ?: mid-low back tense rounded vowel ? low back lax rounded vowel : low back tense unrounded

4、vowel 考點(diǎn) 2：專有名詞基本元音cardinal vowels 純?cè)?pure vowels/ 單元音 monophthong vowels 滑元音 vowels glides ： there is an audible change of quality. if a single movement of the tongue is involved, the glides are called雙元音 diphthongs 如：ei from mid-low front to high front ai ?i ? a? i? e? ? 略a double movement produc

5、es 三元音 triphthong 例如： tower中a? （二）輔音 consonants consonants are sounds produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity. vowels 元音: produced without such obstruction so no turbulence or a total stopping o

6、f the air can be perceived. 區(qū)別： the distinction between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of airstream. 阻塞氣流?？键c(diǎn) 1：manners of articulation發(fā)音方式stops 爆破音p, b, t, d, k, g nasal鼻音 m, n, ? 發(fā)音過程中，音質(zhì)有聽覺上的變化，如果舌運(yùn)動(dòng)一次，其滑動(dòng)導(dǎo)致雙元音，舌運(yùn)動(dòng)兩次產(chǎn)生三元音發(fā)音時(shí)，聲道的某些部位受到擠壓或阻礙 后，使得氣流在口腔里轉(zhuǎn)向、受阻或完全被阻擋。which of the followin

7、g words does not contain a fricative? a.five b. change c. show d. three 因?yàn)?change 有兩個(gè)摩擦音精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁，共 4 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載fricative 摩擦音 f, v, , e, s, z, , ?, h、approximant 近似音 w, r, j 、lateral 邊音 l 、affricate 塞擦音 ts, dz, tr, dr 考點(diǎn) 2：places of articulati

8、on 發(fā)音部位bilabial 雙唇音、labiodental 唇齒、dental 齒間 、 alveolar齒齦、 postalveolar 齒齦后 、 retroflex 卷舌音、palatal 硬腭、velar 軟腭、glottal 聲門h. 總結(jié)：p voiceless bilabial stop b voiced bilabial stop t voiceless alveolar stop d voiced alveolar stop k voiceless velar stop g voiced velar stop m bilabial nasal n alveolar nas

9、al ? velar nasalf voiceless labiodental fricative v voiced labiodental fricative ? voiceless dental fricative e voiced dental fricative s voiceless alveolar fricative z voiced alveolar fricative voiceless postalveolar fricative? voiced postalveolar fricative h glottal fricative t voiceless postalveo

10、lar affricated? voiced postalveolar affricate l alveolar lateral 例題： the phonemen m open book open market brown paper brown hat 看第二個(gè)單詞音標(biāo)是什么精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 4 頁 - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載r alveolar approximant w bilabial approximant j palatal approximant （三）assimilat

11、ion同化現(xiàn)象：a process by which one sound takes on some or all characteristics of a neighboring sound. nasalization鼻音化、 cap can dentalization 齒音、 tent tenth velarization 軟腭 since sink voiced frication有聲擦音 voiceless無聲擦音 /_voiceless清音five past/ has to/ have to h?f tu are all instances assimilation. is ofte

12、n used synonymously with coarticulation 協(xié)同發(fā)音 if the sound becomes more like the following sound, as in the case of lamb, it is known as anticipatory coarticulation( 先期協(xié)同發(fā)音 ). if the sound shows the influence of the preceding sound, it is perseverative coarticulation （后滯協(xié)同發(fā)音）, as is the case of map. （四） suprasegmental features 超音段特征the aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. the principal suprasegmental features 特征 are syllable音節(jié) , stress重音 , tone聲調(diào), and int