（九）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、 （九）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)01 命題趨勢(shì) 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化近幾年對(duì)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考查主要集中在對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)六種主要的時(shí)態(tài)上；對(duì)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查主要以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為主。02 定義 概念清晰化動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)指的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)的各種動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)中一共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，但在初中階段?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)有以下9種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)?？疾橹攸c(diǎn)集中在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法、終止性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

2、中不能與for，since短語(yǔ)或從句連用、have been to與have gone to的用法以及在具體語(yǔ)境中動(dòng)詞的用法等。動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示句子主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間關(guān)系的一種動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是中考中的必考內(nèi)容之一，其中考查的重點(diǎn)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。03 知識(shí)歸類(lèi) 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)分類(lèi)圖解分類(lèi)謂語(yǔ)形式用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.動(dòng)詞原形2.主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)，謂語(yǔ)加-s,-es1.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.描述客觀真理、客觀存在或科學(xué)事

3、實(shí)等。3.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。3.用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況。一般將來(lái)時(shí)1.will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形2.be going to+動(dòng)詞原形1.be going to和will表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。主語(yǔ)一般是人。2.be going to表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來(lái)肯定要發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來(lái)勢(shì)必發(fā)生的事情。主語(yǔ)可以是人也可以是物。3.在含有時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。4.一些表示位移的動(dòng)詞，如

4、go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move等，常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1.表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2.與always, usually等詞連用，表示贊揚(yáng)、厭惡或不滿的情緒。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。2.表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去，常與“for+時(shí)間段”或“since表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段”連用。注意：1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都可表示過(guò)

5、去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果或表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，不和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生關(guān)系。2.終止性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但在否定句中可以和一段時(shí)間連用。過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞1.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作以前發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，它所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。2.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1.would+動(dòng)詞原形2.was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中表示在過(guò)去看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。特

6、例清單1.在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Well have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday.如果下個(gè)星期日天氣晴朗，我們將去野餐。Ill call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow.我明天一到北京就給你打電話。2.某些表示起始、往返、出發(fā)、到達(dá)之意的動(dòng)詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(此時(shí)一般都有一個(gè)表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ))。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：begin, come, go, leave, start, arrive, end, stop, op

7、en, close等。如：The meeting begins at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow.這個(gè)會(huì)議明天下午2點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。The next train leaves at 7 oclock this evening.下一列火車(chē)將在今晚7點(diǎn)離開(kāi)。3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, continually, forever等副詞連用，表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，這種用法往往表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的某種感情，如贊揚(yáng)、遺憾、討厭或不滿等。如：The rich woman is always laughing at the poor.這個(gè)有錢(qián)的夫人總是嘲笑窮人。4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞不能與for

8、, since等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如與一段時(shí)間連用，要把瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為意思相近的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的變化有：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe opencloseBe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinishbe overdiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldput onwearget upbe upwake upawakefall asleepbe asleeplosenot havejoinbe inleavebe awayarrive/reachbe如：誤:Ive le

9、ft this school for ten years.正:Ive been away from this school for ten years.【題組訓(xùn)練】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)( )1.(2014·徐州)What a surprise to see you here! When _ you _back?A.do;get B.did;getC.have;got D.will;get( )2.(2014·十堰)Have you finished using my dictionary?Yes，I put it back on your desk just now.Wh

10、o _ it away?A.will take B.is takingC.took D.has taken( )3.(2014·北京)What do you often do at weekends?I often _ my grandparents.A.visit B.visitedC.have visited D.will visit( )4.(2014·河南)Are you going anywhere?I _ about visiting my sister，but I have changed my mind.A.think B .have thoughtC.wi

11、ll think D.thought( )5.(2014·云南)If there _ no buying and selling of animals，there will be no killing in nature.A.is B.will be C.has D.will have現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)( )6.(2014·十堰)The book store _ a big sale. The books there must be very cheap now.Sounds great. Lets go into it and have a look.A.will h

12、ave B.hadC.is having D.was having( )7.(2014·北京)What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon?I _ the classroom.A.was cleaning B.have cleanedC.will clean D.clean( )8.(2014·河北)Someone _ at the door.Can you open it?A.knocks B.knockedC.is knocking D.was knocking( )9.(

13、2014·孝感)I was at the cinema at 8 oclock last night.What about you?I _ the Internet at home.A.am surfing B.surfedC.will surf D.was surfing( )10.(2014·來(lái)賓)Would you mind turning down your music player?Everybody _now!Im sorry.Ill do it right now.A.sleep B.sleptC.is sleeping D.are sleeping一般將來(lái)時(shí)

14、與過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)( )11.(2014·河北)Im busy now. I _ to you after school this afternoon.A.talk B.talkedC.will talk D.have talked( )12.(2014·天津)Robots _more heavy work for us in the future.A.will do B.didC.have done D.were doing( )13.(2014·銅仁)There _ a sports meet in our school next week.A.is B.will

15、haveC.are D.will be( )14.(2014·河南)Does this bus go to the beach?No.You _ the wrong way.You want the Number 11.A.go B.were goingC.are going D.would go( )15.(2014·麗水)Hurry up! The sky is covered with black clouds. Im afraid it_ .A.rains B.is going to rainC.rained D.was raining現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)( )1

16、6.(2014·寧波)Are you surprised at the ending of the movie?No，because I _ the story.A.read B.will readC.have read D.was reading( )17.(2014·濱州)Jim isnt in the classroom.Where is he now?He _ the library.A.will go to B.has been toC.has gone to D.goes to( )18.(2014·泰安)Can you find our city _

17、 a lot in recent years?Yes.The road is wider and the buildings are taller.A.has changed B.changesC.changed D.will change( )19.(2014·南京)Lily，why are you still here?School is over for half an hour.Because I _ my task yet.I still need one more hour.A.Wont finish B.didnt finishC.havent finished D.h

18、adnt finished( )20.(2014·隨州)I wonder when you _ the new watch.Well，I _ it for two weeks.A.have bought;have hadB.bought;have boughtC.bought;have hadD.have bought;have bought被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成分類(lèi)圖解時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞The flowers are often watered by her.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞A farm was visited yeste

19、rday by us一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall + be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Some trees will be planted this week by her.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞A novel is being read by him.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞His rooms have been cleaned by him.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞His rooms were being cleaned by him then.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had been+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞His rooms h

20、ad been cleaned by him then.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would/should be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞His rooms would be cleaned by him the next day.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Your homework must be finished in time.特例清單1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的主語(yǔ)為物，可用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly.這種鋼筆寫(xiě)起來(lái)很流暢。The

21、kind of shirts sells well here.這種樣式的襯衫在這里賣(mài)得很好。2.look,sound,taste,smell等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：School uniforms look good on us.我們穿著校服很好看。The cake smells delicious.蛋糕聞起來(lái)很香?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】( )21.(2014·北京)A new hospital _ in my town next year.A.builds B.builtC.is built D.will be built( )22.(2014·河南)When Tim _

22、 why he was late for school，he just kept silent.A.was asked B.askedC.was asking D.is asked( )23.(2014·梅州)I cant understand what the book is about because it _ in English.A.writes B.will writeC.will be written D.is written( )24.(2014·鎮(zhèn)江)Dont forget to come to our school assembly(集會(huì))tomorrow

23、 morning.I wont. I _ just now.A.reminded B.was remindedC.reported D.was reported( )25.(2014·益陽(yáng))Have you moved into the new house?Not yet.The rooms_ .A.are painting B.have been paintedC.are being painted幾種特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法分類(lèi)圖解種類(lèi)構(gòu)成例句主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中省去to的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，省去的to要加上。The workers were made to work 12 hours a d

24、ay.含雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞把指人的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，指物的賓語(yǔ)仍保留在謂語(yǔ)之后；指物的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，指人的賓語(yǔ)前要加相應(yīng)的介詞。I was given a present.A present was given to me.含短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是“動(dòng)詞+介詞”或“動(dòng)詞+副詞”時(shí)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，介詞、副詞不能丟。The young man was sent away from school.【題組訓(xùn)練】( )26.(2014·內(nèi)江)The students in this school are made _ school uniforms on Monday.A.to wear B.wearin

25、g C.wear D.worn( )27.(2014·隨州)Mary was heard _ just now.What happened?Joe was telling her some jokes.A.cry B.laughC.to laugh D .to cry( )28.(2013·呼和浩特)If you see the cartoon film，you will _ laugh.A.be made B.be made toC.make to D.make( )29.(2013·連云港)Clark，your room is really in a mess

26、. It needs _.Sorry，mum. Ill do it at once.A.clean B.cleanedC.to clean D.to be cleaned( )30.(2012·阜康)The old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the government in many places.A.is looked at B.are taken good care ofC.are taken good care D.is looking after04 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級(jí)化動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)( )1.Do you l

27、ike the skirt?Yes.It _ soft.A.is feeling B.feltC.feels D.is felt( )2.What does your sister like doing in her free time?She _ watching TV.A.likes B.likedC.has liked D.had liked( )3.Do you know if_ back next week? If he _ back,please let me know.A.he comes;will comeB.will he come;comesC.he will come;c

28、omesD.will he come;will come( )4.May I see Mr.Lin,please?Well,Im afraid hes not in at the moment.I think he _ back soon.A.came B.has comeC.will be D.was( )5.Look at those big black clouds.It _ rain.Lets hurry.A.must B.willC.would D.is going to( )6.Dont talk loudly here.My little baby_ .A.has gone ou

29、t B.is sleepingC.sleeps D.went to school( )7.Have you read a book called Jane Eyre?Who _ it?A.writes B.has writtenC.was writing D.wrote( )8.Your e-mail address again? I _ quite catch it.Hul 23 .A.dont B.cantC.didnt D.wont( )9.Oh,Mrs King,your necklace looks nice.Is it new?No,I _it for two years.A.ha

30、d B.have hadC.bought D.have bought( )10._ to the United States?No,never. But I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you been B.Have you goneC.Did you go D.Will you go( )11.Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Ningbo?No,they _ to Shanghai.A.had moved B.movedC.will move D.have moved( )12.Do you kn

31、ow the man over there?Yes.I _ him several times since last month.A.see B.sawC.have seen D.had seen( )13.What do you think of my answer to the question?Sorry.Whats that?I _about something else.A.thought B.am thinkingC.had thought D.was thinking( )14.Amy,I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answ

32、ered the phone.Oh,I _ a walk with my mother at that time.A.take B.tookC.am taking D.was taking( )15.Did you see Henry at the party?No,he _ by the time I got there.A.left B.was leavingC.had left D.has left( )16.What is the weather like today?It is cloudy. And I think it _.A.was raining B.is going to

33、rainC.is raining D.rained( )17.My sister will go to Hainan tomorrow.Ill see her off at the airport.Oh,when_ her plane _?A.did;take off B.does;take offC.has;taken off D.was;taking off( )18.It _ over sixty years since the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A.was B.had beenC.is D.will be( )19.Dont m

34、ake any noise.We _ to a piece of wonderful music at the moment.A.will listen B.are listeningC.listen D.have listening( )20.I saw her smoking in the restaurant yesterday afternoon.But she seldom_.A.smokes B.had smokedC.smoked D.is smoking( )21.I used to love this film when I was young,but I _ it that

35、 way any more.A.dont feel B.didnt feelC.havent felt D.hadnt felt( )22.Was Kate happy to see her old friends yesterday?Yes,she was.She _ them for a long time.A.didnt see B.wouldnt seeC.hasnt seen D.hadnt seen( )23.Has your mother finished her report?Sorry,I dont know.She _ it this morning.A.is writin

36、g B.wroteC.writes D.has written( )24.Why are you in such a hurry,Mike?There _ an NBA game in ten minutes.A.will have B.will beC.is going to have D.are going to be( )25.Jenny wants to know if you _ a hiking trip tomorrow.Of course we will.But if it_ ,well visit the Space Museum instead.A.will go on;w

37、ill rain B.go on;rainsC.will go on;rains D.go on;will rain( )26.Whats that terrible noise?The neighbors _ for a party.A.have prepared B.are preparingC.prepare D.will prepare( )27.When did the meeting begin?At four oclock.It _ for 15 minutes.A.was on B.beganC.has begun D.has been on( )28.Li Kai,hand

38、in your homework,please.Oh,sorry.I _ it at home this morning.A.was leaving B.have leftC.had left D.left( )29.How was your day off?Pretty good! I _ the science museum with my classmates.A.visit B.visitedC.am visiting D.will visit( )30.Where _ you _ lunch?At home.There was no school lunch.A.did；have B

39、.are；havingC.will；have D.do；have動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)( )31.Boiled water _ for free here in the daytime.A.offer B.offeredC.is offering D.is offered( )32.What a nice room!Yes.It _ every day.A.cleans B.cleanedC.has cleaned D.is cleaned( )33.Dad,please open the door. It_ .OK,dear.I am coming.A.locks B.lockedC.is locked

40、 D.was locked( )34.Mrs Johnsons funny story _ by everyone who heard it.A.laughed at B.was laughedC.laughed D.was laughed at( )35.I believe that those mountains _ with trees in a few years.A.are covered B.will be coveredC.are covering D.will cover( )36.Necessary action _ so that students can be safe

41、at school.A.can be taken B.may be takenC.must be taken D.might be taken( )37.Did you go to Jims birthday party?No,I _.A.am not invited B.wasnt invitedC.havent invited D.didnt invite( )38.Please dont stand up in class until you_ .A.were told to B.are told toC.were told D.are told( )39.When _ the car_

42、 ?Sorry,I dont know.A.does;invent B.did;inventC.was;invented D.was;inventing( )40.Do you have any problems if you _ this job?Well,Im thinking about the working time.A.offer B.will offerC.are offered D.will be offered( )41.Students _ not to use mobile phones in our school now.A.ask B.askedC.are asked D.were asked( )42.God,your classroo