since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的用法講解

1、since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的用法講解一、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性的過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句表 示的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的那一時(shí)刻起”。如：He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來(lái)到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。We have been missing them since they left here 自從他們離開(kāi)這里，我們 就一直很想念他們。這是最常見(jiàn)的一種用法，此處不再多述。二、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的過(guò) 去時(shí)時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從那持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。如：

2、I haven' t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，sleep 的動(dòng) 作結(jié)束時(shí)，即“醒來(lái)”時(shí)，這句應(yīng)譯為“我醒后還未聽(tīng)到任何聲音”。三、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則表 示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話時(shí)刻），其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作 發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。如：I have n' t heard from him since he has lived there。這里has lived表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從：“開(kāi)始居住”時(shí)算起。因此此句可理解為“自從他（開(kāi)始）住在那兒起，我就一直沒(méi)收到 他的

3、來(lái)信”。至于It is +段時(shí)間+since的句型與It has been +段時(shí)間+since意思相同。前者是規(guī)范說(shuō)法，后者是口語(yǔ)說(shuō)法。應(yīng)注意的是，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，since引導(dǎo)的從句絕對(duì)不能用否定式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示 否定意義，下面兩句都錯(cuò)了：It is a long time since he didn t study English.It' s two mon ths since you did n' t come to see me.正確的說(shuō)法為： It' s a long time since he studied En glish 他好久沒(méi)學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。 You

4、haven' t come to see me for two mon ths. 你有兩個(gè)月沒(méi)來(lái)看我了。since的用法1) since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, lastmon th, half past six)。I have bee n here since 1989. 2) since 一段時(shí)間+ ago I have bee n here since five mon ths ago. 3) since + 從句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time h

5、as elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since 從句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate stude nt. since 的用法主要有兩 點(diǎn)：一是表示“自從以來(lái)”，二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了 解詞的含義，而不了解其用法，在使用時(shí)就會(huì)造成錯(cuò)誤。例如：I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.不少人會(huì)望文生義，將該句譯 為：“自從我住在上海以來(lái)，就再也沒(méi)有收到他的信了?！倍鴮?shí)際上這 個(gè)句子的譯文并非如此，

6、那么正確的含義是什么呢下面談?wù)剆ince作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。一、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性的過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的那一時(shí)刻起”。 女口：He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來(lái)至U我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。We have bee n miss ing them since they lefthere自從他們離開(kāi)這里，我們就一直很想念他們。這是最常見(jiàn)的一種用法，此處不再多述。二、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從

7、那持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。如：I haven t heard any noise since I slept.Sleep為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，sleep的動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)，即“醒來(lái)”時(shí)，這句應(yīng)譯為“我醒后還未聽(tīng)到任何聲音”。Joh n is now with his pare nts in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher 約翰現(xiàn)在和父母一起住在紐約，他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)三年了。本文開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)的那個(gè)句子就可以譯為“自從我離開(kāi)上海，就再也沒(méi)有收到他的信?！边@種譯法常被人們誤用，我們不妨再多舉幾個(gè)例子看看：How long is i

8、t since you lived in Sha nghai你離開(kāi)（沒(méi)住在）上海多久了 It is half a mon th si nee he was a League member.他退團(tuán)（不當(dāng)團(tuán)員）半個(gè)月了。It' s been quite some time sinceI was last in Lon don我離開(kāi)倫敦已很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。比較：He has writte n tome frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來(lái)，他屢次給我寫(xiě)信。（從句 謂語(yǔ)為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）He has writte n to me freque ntly si nee I f

9、ell ill.自從我生病以來(lái)，他就屢次給我寫(xiě)信。（從句謂語(yǔ)為終止性動(dòng)詞）三、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話時(shí)刻），其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。 女口： I haven' t heard from him since he has lived there。 這里 has lived 表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從：“開(kāi)始居住”時(shí)算起。因此此句 可理解為“自從他（開(kāi)始）住在那兒起，我就一直沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信”。Si nee we have owned a car, we have gone camp ing every

10、 yea r 自從我們自 己有了汽車，我們每年都去野營(yíng)。試比較：1. Since I' ve been at thisschool, we have had three headmasters.自從我至U這所學(xué)校，我們已換了 三個(gè)校長(zhǎng)了。Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自從我離開(kāi)這所學(xué)校，他們已換了三個(gè)校長(zhǎng)了。has never been to seeme si nee I have bee n ill.自從我生病以來(lái)，他從未來(lái)看過(guò)我。He hasnever bee n to see me si nee I was ill.自從我病愈以來(lái)，他從未來(lái)看過(guò)我。由此可見(jiàn)，since引導(dǎo)的從句持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的意思恰好相反。換言之，前者以肯定的語(yǔ)法形式反映著否定的邏輯 內(nèi)容，而后者的形式與內(nèi)容是一致的。至于It is +段時(shí)間+sinee的句型與It has been + 段時(shí)間+sinee意思相同。前者是規(guī)范說(shuō)法，后者 是口語(yǔ)說(shuō)法。應(yīng)注意的是，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，si nee引導(dǎo)的從句絕對(duì)不能用否定式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示否定意義，下面兩句都錯(cuò)了： It is a long timesince he did n' t study En glish. It' s tw