人教版英語八年級下冊重點語法復(fù)習(xí)與練習(xí)

1、一、 重點語法（一）一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來的時間連用。 本時態(tài)標(biāo)志詞：1. 含 tomorrow; next week/mOnth/year; in the future; in 2020；2.i n+ 段時間；3. how soon；4. 祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do5. 在時間/條件狀語從句中，如果從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來時 表示將來時的常見句式：1. 用be doing表示將來：主要是表示按計劃，安排即將發(fā)生的動作，常用于位置移動的動詞；女口 come ,go, leave, arrive, fly, move, start,等，也

2、可以用其他動詞。 rm doing my homework tomorrow.2. be goi ng to表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情。女口：He is going to Write a Ietter toni ght.3. be going to表示 已有跡象表明即將發(fā)生的某種情況。Look at the clouds. It's going to rain.4. 在有條件從句的主句中，多用 will,女口：例 Be quick, or you will be late. = If you don ' t be quick, you will be late.練習(xí)()1.

3、Therea meeti ng tomorrow after noon.A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be()2. CharIiehere n ext mon th.A. isn ' t workingB. doesn ' t workingC. isn ' t going to working. won ' t work()3. HeVery busy this week, hefree n ext week.A. will be; is B. i

4、s; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be()4. Therea dolphi n show in the zoo tomorrow eve ning.A. WaS B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( )5.-you free tomorrow? No. I free the day aftertomorrow.A. Are; going to; willB. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to

5、be; will be()6. MOtherme a nice PreSe nt on my n ext birthday.A. will gives B. will give C. gives ()7.-Shall I buy a CUP of tea for you?A. No, you won ' t. B. No, you aren C. No, PIeaSe don ' D. No, please.()8. -Where is the morning paper?TD. give-.(不，不要。)'t.it for you at once.A. getB. a

6、m gett ingC. to get D. will get()9.a con Cert n ext SatUrday?A. There will be B. Will there beC. There Can be D. There are()10. If they come, Wea meet ing.A. haveB. Will haveC. hadD. would have(二) 過去進行時結(jié)構(gòu)：句型主語+ was/were +V-ng否定句主語+ was/were+not +V-ng一般疑問句waswere+主語+V-ing過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或者某段時間正在進行或發(fā)生的動作

7、，常和表過去的時間狀語連用。標(biāo)志性詞語：1. at that time/moment2. (at) this time yesterday(last night/sUnday.)3. at + 點鐘 +Yesterday(last night/ Sunday.J4. When , while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句例: She WaS doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.昨天傍晚八點半她正在做家庭作業(yè)。Whe n I got UP this morning, MOther WaS PrePari ng breakfast in the kitch

8、e n.今天早上我起床時媽媽正在廚房里準(zhǔn)備早餐。練習(xí)1. My brotherwhile hehis bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell, WaS ridi ngB. fell, Were ridi ngC. had falle n, rodeD. had falle n, WaS riding2. Tominto the house Whe n no one.A. slipped, WaS look ingC. slipped, had looked3. The last time I Jane SheB. had slipped, lookedD. WaS s

9、lipp in g, looked cotton in the fields.A. had See n, WaS PiCk ingC. had See n, PiCked4.I don ' t thi nk Jim SaW me; heB. saw, PiCkedD. saw, WaS PiCk ing into space.6A. just StaredB. WaS just Stari ngC. has just StaredD. had just Stared5.I first met LiSa three years ago. Sheat a radio shop at the

10、 time.A. has WOrkedB. WaS worki ngC. had bee n work ingD. had WOrked6. -Hey, look Where you are going!-Oh, I ' m terribly sorry.A. I ' m not no tici ngB. I WaS n ' t no tici ngC. I have n ' t no ticedD. I don ' t no tice7. The reporter Said that the UFoeast to WeSt When he SaW it

11、.A. WaS traveli ngB. traveledC. had bee n traveli ngD. WaS to travelA. had8. Imy breakfast Whe n the morni ng post came.B. had bee n hav ingC. have bee n hav ingD. WaS hav ing9. Whe n I arrived at his office, heOn the phone.A. WaS SPeak ingB. spokeC. had bee n SPeak ingD. had spoke n10. “ What '

12、 S the matter, Ali? You look sad.”“ Oh, nothing much. AS matter of fact, Iof my frie nds back home.A. just thoughtB. have just bee n thinkingC. WaS just thi nkingD. have just thought（三）If的用法if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。If是連詞，所連接的句子叫條件狀語從句，表示假 設(shè)或條件，意思是“如果的話”，用法如下：表示假設(shè)，表示將會發(fā)生和可能發(fā)生的事，或進行提醒警告。句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：If +句子（一般現(xiàn)在時），+主句（主語

13、 will/shall/may/can） +動詞原形）（不能 用 be going to）a. If you finish your homework, you Can go out and play.b. If I have eno Ugh money n ext year, I will go to travel.注意：賓語從句中的if與條件狀語從句中的區(qū)別。賓語從句中的if是否”相當(dāng) 于whether，弓I導(dǎo)賓語從句，時態(tài)根據(jù)句意來確定。I don't know if （是否）it will rain tomorrow.If （如果）it rains, I will Stay a

14、t home.我不知道明天是否會下雨。如果下雨，我將呆在家里在。（四）現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能一直延續(xù)下去的動作。常與for,Sin ce,how Ion g,these dayS等表示一段時間的狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成進行式結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語+have / has +bee n+ doing/否定句：主語+have / has +not+bee n+ doing一般疑問句：HaVe / HaS +主語+been+ doing/1. I have been Writing the Ietter SinCe then.從那時起我一直在寫這封信。（動作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還

15、在繼續(xù)）2. I have been collecting StamPS for ten years.自從10年前我就收集郵票了（動作從過去一直現(xiàn)在還在收集）。3. How long have you been living here?你在這兒已經(jīng)住了多長時間了。（居住”動作從過去一直現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)）現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：1現(xiàn)在完成進行時比現(xiàn)在完成時更強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性：2如果沒有時間強調(diào)，現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作仍在進行，現(xiàn)在完成時則表 示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，3現(xiàn)在完成進行時一般不適用于表狀態(tài)的動詞，而現(xiàn)在完成時則可練習(xí)1. I ' m SUre An drew will Win t

16、he first PriZen the fin al. I thi nk so. Hefor it for mon ths.A. is PrePari ngB. WaS PrePari ngC. had bee n PrePari ng D. has bee n PrePari ng2. By the time he realizes heinto a trap, it ' be too late for him to doanything about it.A. walksB. WaIkedC. has WaIkedD. had WaIked3. So far this year W

17、ea fall in house PriCeS by betwee n 5 and 10 PerCe nt.A. SaWB. SeeC. had See nD. have See n4. Cathy is tak ing no tes of the grammatical rules in class at SunShine School, WhereSheEn glish for a year.A. StUdieS B. StUdied C. is StUdy ing D. has bee n StUdy ing5. Dannyhard for long to realize his dre

18、am and now he is popular.A. works B. is worki ngC. has WOrked D. had WOrked6. I have got a headaches No wonder. Youin front of that COmPUter tooIon g.A. workB. are worki ngC. have bee n worki ngD. WOrked7. The Un employme nt rate in this districtfrom 6% to 5% in the PaSt twoyears.A. has falle nB. ha

19、d falle nC. is falli ngD. WaS falli ng8. Now that She is out of job, LUCygoing back to school, but She hasn ' t decidedyet.A. had con SideredB. has bee n con Sideri ngC. con SideredD. is going to con Sider9. youhim around the museum yet?Yes. We had a great time there.A. HaVe ; show nB. Do ; show

20、 C. Had; show nD. Did; show10. Hi, Tracy, you look pale.I am tired. Ithe livi ng room all day.A. Pain ted B. had Pain ted C. have bee n Pain ti ng D. have Pain ted（五）反義疑問句反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句，是指當(dāng)提問的人對前面所敘述的事實不敢肯定， 而需要向?qū)Ψ郊右宰C實時所提出的問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：前一部分是一個陳述句，后一部分是一個簡單的問句。完成后一部分簡單問句時，要根據(jù)前面陳述句的動詞 時態(tài)和人稱來選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦釉~進行提問，前后兩部

21、分的人稱和動詞時態(tài)要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分為否定 式，后一部分要用肯定式，即 前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。例 You have bee n to Beiji ng, haven'你U過北京，是嗎？1、當(dāng)陳述句部分的主語是名詞時，反意疑問句的主語必須用人稱代詞來代替。例 Your brother has go ne to the library, has n你弟弟t去圖書館了，是嗎？2、當(dāng)陳述句的主語是指示代詞this, that時，反意疑問句的主語用it代替；指示 代詞是these, those時，反意疑問句的主語用they代替。例 Th

22、at isn ' t a USefUI book, is那?不是一本有用的書，是嗎？TheSe are impont reading materials, aren' t they?這些都是重要的閱讀材料，是嗎？3、 當(dāng)陳述句部分是I am 時，反意疑問句部分通常要用 aren 'I t如陳述句部 分的主語是I am not時，反意疑問句部分通常要用 am I。I ' m late for the meeting, aren 我開會遲到?了，是嗎？4、當(dāng)陳述部分是 everyOne / everybody, someOne / somebody, no one

23、/ nobody, none等表示人的不定代詞時，反意疑問句部分的主語多用they，但也可用he；當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是 everything, anything, SOmething, nothing等表示物的不定代 詞時，反意疑問句部分的主語用it。例 Nobody Came When I WaS out, did they?我在外時，沒人來過，是嗎？EVerything has gone wrong today, hasn jt?今天什么都出問題了，是不是？5、 當(dāng)陳述部分是“there be +主語+其它”結(jié)構(gòu)時，反意疑問部分要用“be (not) + there結(jié)構(gòu)。例 Thereare

24、SOme bananas in the basket, aren there'籃子里有些香蕉，是嗎？6. 當(dāng)陳述部分有 hardly, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, noWhere等否定詞或半否定詞時，反意疑問句部分要用肯定形式。There is IittIe milk in the bottle,is. there?He hardly ever plays COmPUter games, does he?注：如果陳述句部分是帶有否定前綴或后綴時，反意疑問句部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。例 It ' impossible

25、for him to make SUCh a mistakejsn ' it?他不可能犯這樣的錯誤，是嗎？7. 感嘆句的反意疑問句一律使用否定式，并用be的一般現(xiàn)在時形式。例 What a foolish child (he is), is n多傻的孩子啊，不是嗎？8. 在賓語從句中，如果陳述句部分是 “I /we think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等)+賓語從句” 反意疑問句部分應(yīng)與賓語從句的主謂保持一致，并要注 意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。例 I don' tink you have heard of him before, have you?

26、我認為你以前沒有聽說過他，是嗎？注：當(dāng)think等這些動詞的主語不是第一人稱，或主語是第一人稱，而動詞時態(tài)不是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，這時，反意疑問句的助動詞和人稱代詞要 與主句保持一致。He th inks HongKong is a good place to take a holiday, does n't he ?9. 祈使句構(gòu)成反意疑問句時，除 Let '用shall We構(gòu)成反意疑問句外，其它均用 will you。10. 反意疑問句的回答對反意疑問句的回答，無論問題的提法如何，如果事實是肯定的，就用yes, 事實是否定的，就要用no。要特別注意陳述句部分是否定結(jié)構(gòu)

27、，反意疑問句 部分用肯定式提問時，回答yes或no與漢語正好相反。這種省略回答的 yes 要譯成 不” no要譯成 是”例-He likes playing football, doesn他喜歡e踢足球，是嗎？-Yes, he does. / No, he doesn 是的。'/t.不是。-His SiSter didn' t attend the meeting, di他S妹妹B沒有參加會議，是嗎？-Yes, She did. / No, She didn 不，她參加TO / 是的，她沒參加。練習(xí)1. You' dather WatCh TV this evening,?A. isn ' t itB. hadn ' t you C. wouldn ' t you D. WOn2. I SUPPOSe you' re not going today,?A. are youB. do youC.don 't youD. aren ' t you