初中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)講解及綜合練習(xí)

1、一、過去完成時(shí)的概念及結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 概念：過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去（ past-in-the-past ）”。那時(shí)以前          那時(shí)               現(xiàn)在 構(gòu)成：過去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞 had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中 had 通用于各種人稱。 They had already had breakfa

2、st before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、過去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù) 1. 由時(shí)間狀語來判定 一般說來，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。及過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有： （ 1 ） by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.  （ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： We had learned

3、 over two thousand English words by the end of last term.  （ 3 ） before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。 過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： （ 1 ）賓語從句中 當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told, sa

4、id, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。如： She said that she had seen the film before.  （ 2 ）狀語從句中  在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語

5、從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如： Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （3）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本，未能" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3

6、. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、過去完成時(shí)的主要用法 1. 過去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒來時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”） 2. 過去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只有和過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。如： He

7、told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 ) 3. 過去完成時(shí)需要及一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多及 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時(shí)間副詞及 by ， before ， until 等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter ha

8、d collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4. 過去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間，而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能）四、過去完成時(shí)及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，及現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞

9、 have (has) + 過去分詞”；過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。試比較： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語單詞。 I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語單詞。 I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here o

10、nly a few minutes. 沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） John returned home yesterday. 約翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been? 他去哪兒了？（答語中使用過去完成時(shí)是指約翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“過去的過去”） 五、過去完成時(shí)及一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較： They had arrived at the

11、station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 but 連接時(shí)，按

12、時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)。如： He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.英語過去完成時(shí)重難點(diǎn)實(shí)例講解 要掌握好英語過去完成時(shí)，最關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是要掌握它的含義?，F(xiàn)在很多的文章在講解過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)候，都用了一句流行的說法，叫“過去的過去”。

13、雖然這樣的概括點(diǎn)明了過去完成時(shí)的要點(diǎn)，但究竟什么才叫“過去的過去”呢？如果不搞清它的含義，只是去記住什么時(shí)間狀語(如：before, by, until , when, after等)，或者記住哪些動(dòng)詞常用于過去完成時(shí)等等，是不能很好掌握過去完成時(shí)的。 一、重點(diǎn) 英語中，已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)過去一般時(shí)表示在過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，為什么還有過去完成時(shí)呢？要記?。哼^去完成時(shí)的關(guān)鍵概念是：假設(shè)在過去發(fā)生了兩件(或以上)的事件，一件是A事件，另一件是B事件，如果A、B兩個(gè)事件幾乎是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那就用一般過去時(shí)；但是，如果A、B兩個(gè)事件不是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，怎么辦呢？那就是：哪個(gè)事件先發(fā)生，就用過去完成

14、時(shí)；哪個(gè)事件后發(fā)生，就用過去完成時(shí)。在上面的假設(shè)中，如果A事件先發(fā)生，A就用過去完成時(shí)；如果B事件先發(fā)生，B就用過去完成時(shí)；而不管兩件事是用什么樣的時(shí)間狀語或其它形式表示的。請(qǐng)看例句： 例1She said (that) she had never been to Paris.例2When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.例3We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.例4Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ha

15、d left when he arrived at the party. 例5The students were writing, busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. 在上面的五個(gè)例子中，我們只要稍微分析一下，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：每個(gè)例子講述的內(nèi)容中，都包含著兩個(gè)(或以上)在過去發(fā)生的事件。我們將兩件事抽取出來看一下，就非常明白：必定有一件事是先生的，另一件是后發(fā)生的：例1said had never been to  (先沒有“去”，后“說”)例2arrivedhad run

16、away. (先“跑”了，后“到”)例3 had hoped would comedidn't (先“希望”，后才發(fā)生“沒去”)例4was disappointedhad left arrived (先“離開”，后“到達(dá)”和“失望”)例5were writingwent had left  (先“離開”，后“到”和“寫”) 二、難點(diǎn) 過去完成時(shí)的難點(diǎn)在于：有時(shí)候一句話中并沒有出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)事件，因此無法比較兩個(gè)事件的先后。那為什么也用過去完成時(shí)呢？請(qǐng)看下面的例句： 例1By the time he was twelve, Edison had bega

17、n to make a living by himself.實(shí)際上，在上面的例句中，仍然有著“先、后”之分的。不過，這次不是A、B兩件事件的先后，而是有兩個(gè)過去時(shí)間的“先、后”關(guān)系。 首先，句子中有個(gè)明確的過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)：12歲。說他“12歲”，顯然是過去式。那么，緊接著說“他已經(jīng)開始謀生了”，這個(gè)“謀生”是發(fā)生在“12歲”時(shí)，還是“12歲”前，還是“12歲”后？答案是肯定的：他的“謀生”發(fā)生在“12歲”之前!也就是說，“12歲”已經(jīng)是一般過去時(shí)，而在“12歲”之前發(fā)生的事，當(dāng)然是過去完成時(shí)。所以，在那么多表示時(shí)間狀語的詞中，大家要特別注意By、Until等的用法?？梢哉f，在講述過去的事

18、件中，如果出現(xiàn)By時(shí)間狀語，很有可能要用過去完成時(shí)了。(當(dāng)然，我說的是很有可能。) 類似的時(shí)間表達(dá)方式還有Until、Before等。只要大家把握了過去完成時(shí)的基本含義，不管句子怎么變化，應(yīng)該沒有多大的問題。例如： 例2Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six month. 此句的分析同上面差不多。首先有個(gè)明確的過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)"then"(那時(shí))，而"hadn't heard"發(fā)生在then之前(包括then)。所以此句用的是過去完成時(shí)。 

19、再舉兩個(gè)例子，請(qǐng)大家自己分析：例3We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term.例4I waited until he had finished his homework.例5We had got to the station before 10:00.過去完成時(shí)練習(xí)和分析提示請(qǐng)先閱讀本站的文章“過去完成時(shí)重難點(diǎn)實(shí)例講解”，然后完成下列練習(xí)。 漢譯英 1.到上學(xué)期你們學(xué)會(huì)了多少首歌？ 2.到昨天晚上，他把這篇課文讀了三遍。      3.十點(diǎn)鐘前，我們到達(dá)了車站。

20、4.在他上中學(xué)之前，已學(xué)會(huì)了兩百多個(gè)英語單詞。  5.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開始五分鐘了。6.昨天找看見李平了。自從我們離開北京，就一直沒有見面。      7.我昨天沒有給魏華那本書，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)為自己買了一本。 8.他問李先生是否已經(jīng)回來了      9.我聽說他住那五年了。      1.  How many songs had you learned by the end of last term?

21、60;     注兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的比較。      2. By yesterday evening, he had read the text three times.      注兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的比較。      3. We had got to the station before 10:00.      注兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的比較。   

22、   4. He had learned two hundred English words before he went to middle school.      注兩個(gè)事件的比較。      5.When we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.       注兩個(gè)事件的比較。      6

23、. I saw Li Ping yesterday. We had not seen each other since we left Beijing.       注兩個(gè)事件的比較。      7. I did not give the book to Wei Hua yesterday, because she had already bought a copy for herself.      注兩個(gè)事件的比較。   

24、   8. He asked if Mr Li had already come back.     注兩個(gè)事件的比較。      9. I heard he had lived there for five years.     注兩個(gè)事件的比較。練習(xí)1 They usually_TV in the evening.   A. watch   B. will watch   

25、  C. are watching     D. watches 2 The sun _ in the east and_ in the west.   A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D. rises; set 3 Our teacher will return by the time school_.  A. will begin      B.

26、began      C. is beginning      D. begins 4 -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim?   -So do I, but my sister _.    A. hasn't          B. doesn&

27、#39;t        C. didn't        D. won't 5 -That ten pound note belongs to me.    -_ A. Yes, it belongs B. No, it doesn't C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't 6 She will go if it _ tomorro

28、w. A. isn't rain   B. don't rain    C. doesn't rain    D. didn't rain初中英語綜合時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí) (1)B.1 .My sister _ the Youth League last year. She _ a Youth League member for about a year now. A. joinedhas become B. joinedhas been C. has joinedhas been D

29、. did joinhad beenC.2. Neither of us _ a doctor. A. were B. am C. is D. areC.3. Mr Zhao doesnt like swimming, _? A. didnt he B. did he C. does he D. wont he C.4. Ill talk to him when he _. A. come B. will come C. comes D. cameC.5. They _ supper when we _ into the room. A. are havingwent B. were havi

30、nggo C. were havingwent D. are havinggoD.6. Well go climbing if it _ tomorrow. A. wont rain B. did rain C. isnt rain D. doesnt rainA.7. I dont know if it _ tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rainD.8. Nathan Hale _ he _ his life for his country. A. saidgive B. sayswill give C. saidgives

31、D. saidwould giveC.9. Most people _ TV. A. enjoy to watch B. enjoy watch C. enjoy watching D. enjoys watchingA.10.Father _ his cap and went out. A. put on B. puts on C. had put D. will put onB.11.How long _ your uncle _ in the army ? A. hasjoined B. hasbeen C. doesjoin D. hadjoinedD.12.Peter _ the w

32、ork in a week.A. have finished B. finishes C. is finishing D. will finishA.13.The students _ the History Museum if it _ fine tomorrow. A. will visit.is B. will visitwill be C. would visit was D. would visitwould beA.14.Joan _ me whether I _ the book before. A. askedhad read B. askedshall read C. ask

33、edwould read D. askedhas readC.15.By the end of last term, we _ Book Five. A. have learned B. would learn C. had learned D. were learningA.16._ she _ her lessons at seven yesterday evening ? A. Wasgoing over B. Isgo over C. Hasgone over D. Willgo overC.17.He cant go to the cinema with me because he

34、_ a meeting. A. was having B. would have C. is having D. hadA.18.Both of the two dictionaries _ very useful. A. are B. is C. was D. amC.19. He _ to me since last month. A. didnt write B. hadnt written C. hasnt written D. wont writeD.20. Xu Ping _ to Japan only once. A. has gone B. had gone C. had be

35、en D. has beenB.21. Nobody _ the answer. A. have known B. knew C. didnt know D. are knowingB.22._ you ever _ to Nanjing ? A. Havegone B. Havebeen C. Dogo D. Will goC.23. He _ he _ something wrong before. A. sayswas B. say.have done C. saidhad done D. saidwould doD.24. He _ me he _ an interesting boo

36、k. A. tellwould borrow B. told will borrow C. tellwill borrow D. told had borrowedB.25. Thomas Edison _ already _ a chemistry lab for himself by the time he _ ten. A. hasbuiltwas B. hadbuiltwas C. wouldbuildwas D. wasbuildingisA.26. At the age of eleven, my grandfather _ to work in a factory. A. beg

37、an B. has begun C. will begin D. beginsD.27. One day while I _ along the street, I _ someone calling. A. walkedwas hearing B. was walkinghas heard C. was walkinghad heard D. was walkingheardC.28. Neither I nor he _. A. can swims well B. are swimming well C. swims well D. have swum wellD.29. _ you _

38、where your sister has gone ? A. Did know B. Willknow C. Areknow D. Do knowC.30. Betty _ morning exercises yesterday. A. not did B. don't do C. didnt do D. wont doC.31. The door of her room _ every day. A. are not cleaned B. not are cleaned C. is not cleaned D. not is cleanedD.32.No rubbish _ for

39、 three weeks. A. collected B. is collected C. has collected D. has been collectedB.33.By 1980 the bridge _. A. was completed B. had been completed C. has been completed D. have been completedB.34.Another railway bridge _ there now. A. is building B. is being built C. is built D. has been builtD.35.

40、_ the water in the wet clothes _ vapor now ? A. Areturned into B. Isturned into C. Arebeing turned into D. Isbeing turned intoC.36. _ this film _ last week ? A. Didshow B. Hasbeen shown C. Wasshown D. Wasbe shownA.37.He told me that the composition _ by him. A. was not written B. not was written C.

41、is not written D. not is writtenD.38._ the play _ again next week ? A. Willput on B. Isput on C. Will beput on D. Willbe put onA.39._ the exercises _ tomorrow ? A. Maybe handed in B. May behanded in C. May be handedin D. May handedinB.40.She _ to a hospital at once. A. must send B. must be sent C. m

42、ust to be sent D. had to sendB.41. Mike usually _ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. got D. will getB.42. The sun _ us light and heat. A. give B. gives C. will give D. often giveA.43.Tom looked sad and cried , “ I _ terrible !” A. am feeling B feels C. will feel D. have feltD.44.At that tim

43、e , things _ hard for the working people. A. is B. are C. was D. wereD.45. Long long ago, there _ a farmer in a small village. A. are B. were C. is D. livedC.46. Could you show me the way to No, 5 Middle School ? Im afraid I couldnt . I _ never _ there. A. dogo B. didgo C. havebeen D. had beenC.47.

44、We _ a meeting these days. A. have B. had C. are having D. were havingA.48. The oldest kind of computer _ the abacus. A. is B. was C. has been D. have beenB.49. I _ the boy in the classroom just now . A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seenD.50. Mr Black was surprised, “ I _ I lost my wallet. “ A. kn

45、ow B. dont know C. knew D. didnt knowD.51.The guard said, “ I am sorry. I _ .” A. dont know it is you B. didnt know it is you C. dont know it was you D. didnt know it was youB.52.The fisherman said to the Genie, “ Youre so big and jar is so small. _ you really in the jar ?” A. Are B. Were C. Was D.

46、Wasnt B.53.He is going to be a doctor when he _. A. grow up B. grows up C. will grow up D. is going to grow upB.54. Grandma said she would tell me a story when she _. A. has time B. had time C. would have time D. would has timeB.55. Ill tell him all about it as soon as he _. A. come back B. comes ba

47、ck C. will come back D. is going come backB.56. _ we set off right away ? A. Will B. Shall C. Are D. DoD.57. It seems it _. A. will rain B. shall rain C. rains D. is going to rainA.58. My little sister _ six next month. A. will be B. shall be C. can be D. is going to B.59. Go down the street and tur

48、n right at the first crossing . You _ our school. A. find B. will find C. shall find D. are going to findA.60. Its nothing serious. Your son _ all right by supper time. A. will be B. shall be C. is D. is going to beB.61. Work hard, and you _ catch up with the others. A. can be B. Will C. shall D. ar

49、e going to C.62. Where is Jenny ? She _ in the next room. A. do some reading B. does some reading C. is doing some reading D. will do some readingD.63. Look! Tom _ in the river. A. go swimming B. goes swimming C. going to swimming D. is swimmingD.64. His sister _ _ cakes. Thats why her hands are all

50、 covered with flour （面粉）. A. makes B. made C. will make D. is makingC.65. Listen carefully ! Can you hear what the professor _ ? A. talks about B. talked about C. is talking about D. will talk aboutC.66. What _ you _ this time yesterday ? A. dodo B. aredoing C. weredoing D. woulddoD.67. When I got t

51、here, the Browns _ at the lunch table. A. is siting B. are sitting C. was siting D. were sittingC.68. It suddenly began to rain while I _ the bus. A. wait B. waited C. was waiting for D. were waiting forC.69. It _ hard when I was on my way to the cinema. A. rain B. raining C. was raining D. were rainingB.70. The train will arrive _. A. after an hour B. in an hour C. an hour later D. for an hourC.71. How may English films _ since last year ? A. do you see B. did you see C. have you seen D. had you seenC.72. _ the fi