2022年2022年初中英語語法精講動詞不定式用法

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載9aunit3 語法（一）動詞不定式用法動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句中不能獨立作謂語；但動詞不定式具出名詞.形容詞和副詞特點,在句中可以作主語.賓語.賓語補(bǔ)足語.定語.表語和狀語等多種成分；另外,動詞不定式具有動詞特點,可以有自己的賓語和狀語,組成動詞不定式短語；動詞不定式的確定形式為to do；其否定形式為not to do；下面以動詞不定式在句中的作用來予以具體說明；1作主語可以直接作主語；如：to see is to believe但在英語中,常用it 作形式主語,真正的主語即動詞不定式放在后面；如：it's wrong to play t

2、ricks on other people it's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy 點擊規(guī)律： 動詞不定式在句中作主語時,常放在 it is adj（形容詞） to do sth或 it is n（名詞） to do sth句型中, it 僅作形式主語；2作賓語a want, decide , agree 等動詞后面跟并且只能跟不定式；如： we agreed to start earlyshe wants to be a doctorb love ,like, begin, start, hate , prefer 等

3、詞后面可以接不定式；點擊規(guī)律：上述動詞后面除接不定式外,仍可以接動名詞,意思無很大區(qū)分；提示板： like doing 指常常性動作,而like to do 指一次性的動作；如：i like swimming , but i don't like to swim now我喜愛游泳,但我現(xiàn)在不想游；c stop, forget , remember, go on , try 等詞或短語后面可以接不定式；點擊規(guī)律：上述動詞后面接不定式和接動名詞意思大不相同；提示板：1） stop to do sth：停止一件事,去做另一件事； stop doing sth：停止正在做的事；例句： when

4、 the teacher came in,the students stopped talking ；when he came out,the students stopped to talk 當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)來時,同學(xué)們停止說話；當(dāng)老師走出去時,同學(xué)們又開頭說話；2）摸索： forget , remember, go on, try 等詞或短語后面接不定式和動名詞用法有何區(qū)分？d在 find feel it adj to do sth句型中, it 為形式賓語,真正的賓語為后面的動詞不定式；如：the man downstairs found it difficult to get to slee

5、pi feel it easy to recite the text 點擊規(guī)律： 某些動詞或短語后面既可以接動詞不定式作賓語,又可接動名詞作賓語,二者用法上的區(qū)分可以通過造句子加以區(qū)分,如上面stop 例句；3作賓語補(bǔ)足語a tell , ask, want, order, teach, invite , warn , wish, help, get, wish ,help 等詞后面常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)；如：i tell him not to go there by busedison's mother taught him to read and write b let, make, h

6、ave, see,hear, feel , watch, notice 后面接不帶to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)；如：the boss makes them work 16 hours a day i heard her sing in the next room 提示板：如變成被動語態(tài),在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式符號to 要加上；如：they are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss she was heard to sing in the next room 4作定語 ：放在被修飾的名詞.代詞后面例句： i have a lot of work to do 精

7、品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載the doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 點擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式如在句中作定語,常放在被修飾的名詞.代詞之后；提示板：假如動詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,如動詞為不及物動詞,切記不要忘掉介詞；如：i have a small bedroom to live in have you got some pens to write with ？5表語 ：放在連系動詞be 后面例句： his wish is to become a scientist the first important

8、thing is to save the soldiers' lives當(dāng)務(wù)之急為搶救戰(zhàn)士們的生命；點擊規(guī)律： 動詞不定式在句中作表語時,通常對連系動詞前面的名詞進(jìn)行詮釋說明；6作狀語a目的狀語：放在go, come, use, live , in order 等詞后面；如：i come to see youhe runs fast in order to get there in time b緣由狀語：放在sorry ,glad ,surprised, disappointed, excited 等詞后面；如：i am glad to see you here i am sorry

9、to trouble you c作結(jié)果狀語；如：some of the apples are hard to reachthe room is large enough to hold 1000 people 7與 what, who ,whose,when,where, how 等疑問詞連用,作賓語.賓語補(bǔ)足語.主語等；如：i don't know what to do next （賓語）he taught us how to use the computer （賓語補(bǔ)足語） it's still a question how to get there （主語）1. don&

10、#39;t forget the letter.a. to sendb. sendc. sendingd. being sent2. the chair looks very old、 but in fact it is very comfortable to .a. sitb. sit onc. be satd. be sat on3. is necessary to return the book tomorrow.a. thisb. thatc. itd. which4. i'm afraid they would not allow him here.a. to smokeb.

11、 smokingc. smokesd. smoke5. mother told me the water before i drank it.a. boilingb. boiledc. boild. to boil6. on my way home、 i stopped some food.a. buyb. to buyc. buyingd. bought7. john was made the car for a week as a punishment.a. to washb. washingc. washd. to be washing8. the sitting-room needs

12、、 but it'll have to wait until saturday.a. be cleaningb. to be cleanedc. cleand. being cleaned9. the first thing i want to do is .a. visit to himb. to visit himc. visiting himd. visited him10. li yang advised me too much、 otherwise i would have been drunk.a. not to drinkb. to drinkc. not drinkin

13、gd. drinking一. 用動詞不定式或ing 分詞填空1. i enjoy .sing2. what do you want do next .3. i learnt swim when i was three years old.4. i was very upset and started cry.5. i hope see you again soon. 6. it is a fine day today、 so i suggest go for a walk.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載7. have you finished mop the floor.8.

14、he was very angry and refuse sayanything.9. where is lily . i need talk with her.10. i am too fat、 so i have decided do more exercise.二. 選出正確答案1. i usually go with my mother at weekends.a. shopb. to shopc. shopping 2. he is not old enough to school.a. to gob. goc. going3. the man admitted the bank.a

15、. robb. to robc. robbing 4. people must stop down trees.a. to cutb. cuttingc. cut5. i d rather a cup of coffee.a. to haveb. havingd. have 6. mike managed to give up .a. to smokeb. smokingc. smoke7. i am sorry to have kept you for such a long time.a. to waitb. waitingc. wait8. she has a nice voice. i

16、 often hear her in the morning.a. singingb. to singc. sing9. i don t like traveling by boat、 it always makes me sick.a. to feelb. feelingc. feel 10. let me you around the city.a. showb. to showc. showing11. i put the flowers on the porch from the rain.a. protectingb. to protectc. protectedd. to be p

17、rotected12. kathy decided hard and make herself behind the others.a. to work; not fallb. working; not to fallc. to work; falld. working; to fall13. she forgot the tv when she left home.a. to turn offb. turned offc. turning offd. turn off 14. my parents want me good marks.a. getb. to getc. gettingd.

18、got15. the doctor asked mary the medicine three times a day.a. not to remember takingb. not to forget takingc. not to remember to taked. not to forget to take精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載16. his job is the studentsings. meet精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載a. organizeb. to organizec. organizingd. organized 17. what

19、 about a letter to your friend on the internet .a. try sendingb. try to sendc. trying sendingd. trying to send18.let him it by himself.a. to dob. doingc. didd. do19. the customers watched the unusual bird in the inn.a. danceb. to dancec. dancedd. dancing20. at the police station、 the boy admitted th

20、e necklace at last.a. to stealb. stealingc. stoled. steal 21. it is impossible .a. for me to go to bed earlyb. to me to go to bed earlyc. for me go to bed earlyd. to me go to bed early精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載22. i rememb er my wallet here. but i can t now.a. putting; findb. to put; findingc. to put;

21、be foundd. putting; be found 23. could you tell me work out the problem .a. howb. how can ic. how tod. how will i 24. i saw a little boy a kite yesterday afternoon.a. flewb. flyc. to flyd. flying 25. his jokes made us all .a. to laughb. laughingc. laughd. laughing 26. it s very kind of you me with m

22、y english.a. helpb. helpingc. to helpd. helps 27. he promised me a nice car.a. buyb. to buyc. boughtd. to have bought 28. mother told me walk along the river.a. do notb. not toc. to notd. not 29. her ambition is an engineer.a. becomeb. to becomec. bed. /30. you d better a rest now.a. to haveb. havec

23、. havingd. had 31. thank you for me the secret.a. tellingb. tellc. to telld. told32. i used to in the countryside、 now i am used to in the citya. living; liveb. living; livingc. live; livingd. live; live33. the detective is busy clues and he has some valuable proof.a. looking for; findb. finding; lo

24、oked forc. looking for; foundd. find; looked for 34. this film is worth .a. to seeb. seeingc. seend. saw35. i was allowed to play football after my homework.a. dob. didc. doingd. done 36. china is becoming .a. strong and strongb stronger and strongc. stronger and strongerd. strong and stronger37. th

25、e population of china is larger than of america.a. thoseb. thatc. itd. this 38. our city is getting .a. more beautiful and more beautifulb. more and more beautifulc. beautifuler and beautifulerd. beautiful and beautiful39. taxis in shenyang are cheaper than in beijing.a. thatb. itc. thisd. those 40.

26、 i prefer basketball to football.a. playing; playingb. playing; playc. play; playingd. play; play精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載（二）句子的種類可分為陳述句.疑問句.祈使句和感嘆句；1. 凡為說明一件事情,提出一個看法,或者表達(dá)一種心情的句子都為陳述句；大多數(shù)的句子都為陳述句,它可以用確定式和否定式,句末用句號“.,”通常用降調(diào)；把握陳述句的確定式和否定式的構(gòu)成及用法；e.g. we live in tianjin.（確定句）我們住在天津；we don't live in s

27、hanghai.（否定句）我們不住在上海；留意：（ 1）在一般現(xiàn)在時的確定式中,主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,動詞要改成第三人稱單數(shù)形式；e.g. john studies chinese very well.（ 2）一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的否定式要加助動詞do （ does） 、 did.e.g. i don't like swimming.我不喜愛游泳；he doesn't have lunch at home every day.他每天不在家吃午飯；they didn't play football yesterday.他們昨天沒有踢足球；2. 把握一般疑問句.特殊疑問句

28、.挑選疑問句和反意疑問句的構(gòu)成.用法和答語；留意在一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的疑問句要加助動詞do（ does） 、 did.e.g. do you often speak english at school .在學(xué)校你常講英語 嗎？ does she have a brother . = has she got a brother . 她有兄弟嗎？ did it take you two hours to do your homework last night .昨天晚上做作業(yè)花了你2 個小時嗎？what do you often do on sundays .星期日你常常干什么？when do

29、es your father get up every morning .你父親每天早晨幾點鐘起床？why didn't your teacher come to school yesterday .昨天你們的老師為什么沒來學(xué)校呢？提出兩種或兩種以上的情形,要求對方挑選一種,這種疑問句叫挑選疑問句；結(jié)構(gòu)為： “一般疑問句 or一般疑問句 ”,但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略；說明 or 前面部分用升調(diào),后面部分用降調(diào)；e.g. is her brother an artist or a doctor .她的兄弟為一個藝術(shù)家仍為個醫(yī)生？would you like tea or

30、 coffee .你情愿喝茶仍為喝咖啡？shall we go to the cinema on saturday or on sunday .我們?yōu)橹芰詾橹苋杖ル娪霸?？反意疑問句表示提問者有肯定的主?但沒把握,期望對方來證明； 留意反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：確定的陳述句否定的疑問句（縮略形式）或：否定的陳述句確定的疑問句（縮略形式）兩部分的人稱和時態(tài)要一樣；特殊要留意否定的疑問句中的助動詞必需縮寫,主語（最終一個詞） 必需為代詞而不能為名詞；e.g. your sister has ever been to shanghai 、 hasn't she .你姐姐曾經(jīng)去過上海為嗎？the

31、boys didn't find anything 、 did they .男孩子們什么也沒找到/發(fā)覺,為不為？在回答反意疑問句時,要依據(jù)事實而定,事實為確定的要回答yes 、,事實為否定的要回答 no、.e.g. he isn't going to the meeting 、 is he .他不去參與會,為嗎？精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載yes 、 he is . 不,他要去；no 、 he isn't.為的 /對,他不去； it didn't snow last week 、 did it .上周沒有下雪,對嗎？yes 、 it did.

32、/ no 、 it didn't.不,下雪了；為的,沒下雪；3. 把握祈使句的確定式和否定式；祈使句沒有主語；指讓對方做某事,動詞要用原形；表示懇求,命令.建議等；e.g. go back to your seat 、 please. 請回到你的座位上去；don't make so much noise.不要吵吵鬧鬧；let's go to school together .咱們一起上學(xué)去吧?。?let's 為含有第一人稱主語的祈使句）let him help the child.讓他幫忙那個孩子；（let him 為含有第三人稱主語的祈使句）留意：否定形式為let's （ us 、 me） +not + 動詞原形e.g. let's not say anything about it.對于這件事,咱們什么也不要說了；4. 表示喜怒哀樂等劇烈感情時用感嘆句,懂得由what 和 how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的語序和感嘆句的使用方法；how 和 what 與所修飾的詞放在句首,其它部分用陳述句語序；在口語中謂 語常省略；（ 1） how 作狀語,修飾形容詞,副詞或動詞結(jié)構(gòu)： how+ 形容詞 /副詞主語謂語how nice the flowers are .花多美麗??！ how hard he works