中考專題復(fù)習(xí)——形容詞和副詞

1、中考專題復(fù)習(xí)資料15中考專題復(fù)習(xí)一一形容詞和副詞形容詞一、形容詞的作用與位置.形容詞：用來說明或修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為形容詞。1、形容詞的句法作用：作句子中名詞的定語、句子的表語以及賓語補足語。2、形容詞在句子中的 位置：作定語時放在名詞的前面。形容詞修飾名詞。女口： a big VeiloW W6odeh Chinese ship（一個黃色的大型中國木船）前置形容詞（作定語）的順序為：冠詞+描述性形容詞（Prettyuglykind 等）+表特征形容詞（大形新年色） +專屬形容詞（國籍等）+材料+名詞作表語時放在連系動詞之后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The idea sou nds great連系

2、動詞主要有：be（am, is, are）, look看起來）,SOund （聽起來），smell（聞起 來），taste （嘗起來）,feel （感到，摸起來）.作賓語補足語時放在賓語之后。女口： We must try Our best to keep Our enVirOnment Clean keep/fin d/make/th ink +賓語+形容詞（作賓補卜）后置 修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時放在代詞之后。女口： SOmething SeriOUS has happened to him（他發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的事故） 與表示長、寬、高、重、老、遠(yuǎn)離”的詞連用時形容詞后置。如: He' S 1

3、.8 metretall.（他身高 1.8 米。）The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth .（月球離地 38 萬公里）注意：形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置:1修飾 some, any, every, nc和 body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的 復(fù)合不定代詞時no body abse nt, everythi ng POSSibIe2以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最咼級或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only soluti on POSSibI

4、e3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等 可以后置the only PerS on awake4和空間、時間、單位連用時a bridge 50 meters long5成對的形容詞可以后置a huge room SimPIe and beautiful6形容詞短語一般后置a man difficult to get on With、常見考點asleep睡著的；awake醒著的；alive1.只能作表語的形容詞：afraid害怕；alone獨自的;活著的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的例如，the man is ill.（正）the il

5、l man is my uncle.( 誤 )2. 只能作定語的形容詞： little 小的； only 唯一的； wooden 木質(zhì)的； woolen 羊毛質(zhì)的； elder 年長的例如， my elder brother is in beijing.( 正 )my brother is elder. ( 誤 )3. 貌似副詞的形容詞： lonely 獨自的； friendly 友好的； lively 生動的； lovely 可愛的4. 復(fù)合形容詞： snow-white 雪白的 english-speaking 說英語的； glass-topped 玻璃罩的； full-time 全日制的

6、；well-known 眾所周知的；kind-hearted 善良的；man-made人造的；take-away 可以帶走的； ten-year-old 十歲的。課堂練習(xí)1. Miss Li is (嚴(yán)格的 ) with us, but she is the most popular teacher in ourschool.2.2. It is not safe for such a small child to swim 單( 獨 )in the river.3. Learning Chinese is very popular among foreigners now. I'm

7、sure it will be used (wide) in the world.4. Eating too much fast food is not (health).5. (lucky), the sick boy had a successful operation at last.6. In some ways, the space shuttles travel fast, but the journey to Mars may be very (comfortable) .7. -The radio says it will be (rain) tomorrow, so we c

8、an't have a picnic inthe park.-What a pity!8. COngratulations! You' Ve anSWered all the qu正確Ofe)(9. (luck), John got back the notebook that he had lost at the cafe.10. Eat some vegetables and fruit every day because they are(health) food.三形容詞常用句型1. “it 'dsj.+aof+sb.+ 不定式 ”表示 “某人 （做某事 ）怎么

9、樣 ”。注意：這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞，如good（好的），kind（友善的），nice（友好的），polite（有禮貌的），CIeVer（聰明的），foolish（愚蠢的），lazy（懶惰的），CarefU 1（細(xì) 心的），CareIeSS（粗心的），right（正確的），wrong（錯誤的）等。例如， it 's Very kind of you to help me.（=you are Very kind to help me.） 你能幫助我，真好。it 's Very rude of her to say suCh words.（=she is Ve

10、ry rude to say suCh words.） 她說這樣的話，真粗魯。it 's foolish of him to go alone.（=he is foolish to go alone.）他單獨出去太傻了。2. it ' s+adj.+for+Sb）'定式"表示做某事對某人來說怎么樣”注意：這一句型中常用的形容詞有 important（重要的），necessary必要的），difficult（困難 的），easy（容易的），hard（艱難的），dangerous（危險的），safe（安全的），USefUl（有益的），PIeaSant（舒 適的 ）

11、， interesting（ 有趣的 ）， impossi）le（ 不可能的 ）等。例如，it ' S not easy for them to Iearn a foreign Ianguage.（=to Iearn a foreign Ianguage is not easy for them.）對于他們來說學(xué)好一門外語不容易。it ' S Very important for StUdents to Iisten to teachers CarefUlly.（=to Iisten to teachers CarefUIly is Very importa nt for St

12、Ude nts.）對于學(xué)生來說上課認(rèn)真聽老師講課是非常重要的。it ' S necessary for US to get to school on time.（=to get to school on time is necessary for us.） 對于我們來說按時到校是非常必要的。3. 表示感情或情緒的形容詞，如glad（高興的），PIeaSed（高興的），sad（憂傷的），thankful（感激的）等常接不定式。例如，glad to See you.見到你非常高興。i ' m Very Sad to hear the bad new聽到這個壞新聞，我非常難過。4.

13、表示能力和意志的形容詞，如ready（樂意的，有準(zhǔn)備的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），Certai n（ 定）等常接不定式。例如，Iei feng is always ready to help others.雷鋒總是樂于助人。he is SUre to get to school On time.他一定會按時至 U校。課堂練習(xí)翻譯下面句子。1. 他夜晚一個人出去實在太危險了。2. 她很粗心，每天都上學(xué)遲到。3. 對于學(xué)生來說，每天復(fù)習(xí)是很必要的。四、形容詞的比較級形容詞、副詞的原級、比較級和最高級1、分類：形容詞和副詞有原級、比較級和最高級三級。原級變?yōu)楸容^級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和

14、不規(guī)則變化兩種。2、規(guī)則變化：（1）單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞，在原級的后面加上 er,est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。a）直接加er,est : b）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，要雙寫最后一個輔音字母后加er,est:C）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，先把y改為i再加上er,est:（2）兩個音節(jié)或兩個以上的音節(jié)的，在原級前加 more / most.3、不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最咼級good好的better更好的best最好的well好；（身體）好的，bad, badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地；worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；ill（身體）不舒服的（身體）更不舒服的（身體）最不舒服的many許

15、多的（可數(shù)）more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的（不可數(shù)）；非常Iittle少的less更少的least最少的far遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)地farther更遠(yuǎn)的；更遠(yuǎn)地farthest最遠(yuǎn)的；最遠(yuǎn)地further進(jìn)一步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）4、形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的用法:級別比較程度表達(dá)方式和意義例句備 注原級同 等 程 度冃 定 形 式As+原級+as（像一樣）Art is as in terest ing as music.Play as well as you can.否疋形式not + so （as） + 原級 +as（不如那樣）English is no

16、t so difficult asSCie nce.She does not think SWim ming is as in terest ing as hik ing.注意I donthink否定前移句型比較級不同程度（用于兩者比 較）比較級+tha n（比）Jim is older tha n Luky.I like pork better tha n beef.比較級前面 可以加much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit 等程度加深比較級+and+比較級（越來越）The + 比較級，the +比較級（越,越）He is grow ing

17、 taller and taller.He StUdieS better and better.The more books She reads, the better She Un dersta nd.最高級最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The + 最高級 +of （in）（最）SPring is the best SeaSOn Of the year.Lin Tao jumped （the） farthest of all.副詞最高級前面的the往往省略注意：有些形容詞，女口 dead, empty, round, sure, WooIen等受本身含義的限制，沒有比較級。5、形容詞比較級與

18、最高級的特殊用法舉例： HiS bike is newer than hers.見到 than 必須用比較級） Jim is the tallest in our class.在班集等集體內(nèi)用介詞in來表示比較的范圍） Jim is the tallest Of all （the StUdens）.（見到 of all 要用最高級）=Of all the StUde nts, Jim is the tallest. Jim is the tallest of the three.（見到 of the three要用最高級） WhiCh is bigger, a tiger or a mon k

19、ey ?兩者比用比較級） WhiCh is the biggest, a tiger, a dog or a mon key ?（三者或三者以上比用最高 級） ThiS ruler is short , PleaSe give mea longer one. I ' d like bigger （one）of the two CakeS .（兩者中 較”用 “the比較級”Tom is two years Older than I.湯姆比我大兩歲。 Tom is twice as Old as I.湯姆的年齡是我的兩倍。（11） The number Of the StUdents i

20、n Our school ispigger/Iarger/smaller than yours. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)目比你們學(xué)校大/小。（兩個數(shù)量/目只級比較大小，不能 比較多少（價格PriCe只能比較高低，用“high或 “l(fā)ow,”不能比較貴或便宜） 6比較級與最高級的互換 .Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.（姆比我們班上任何一個男孩 都高）=Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.（在我們班上吉姆其它的男孩高）=Jim is taller than any of the oth

21、er boys in our class.=Jim is the tallest boy in our class.（吉姆是我們班最高的） .Jim is taller than any girl in our class.（吉姆比我們班的任何一個女孩都高） .Tom isn ' t as/so tall as Mike. = Tom is ShOrter than Mike.=Mike is taller than Tom. = Tom is less tall than Mike. .This book isn' t as/so interesting aShat book

22、.=ThiS book is IeSS interesting than that book =That book is more interesting than this book.7、比較級前常用的修飾語：比較級前常用 a bit/a Iittle （點），much/a lot （非常），evenfar（更加）,stil l 等詞語表示程度。而表示數(shù)量的 more之前還可以加some/ any no/one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot 等詞。例如：She is a IittIe taller than I （me）.Rose is muchmore CarefU

23、I tha n Tom.Would you like some more COffee?你還要些咖啡嗎？ ） He did not eat anymore.（他沒有再吃）8、 使用形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級應(yīng)注意事項：1. than必須放在形容詞比較級的后面。2. 形容詞的最高級前必須有the,而副詞的最高級前the可以省略。3. 在進(jìn)行比較時，必須是同類事物相比較。 HiS ruler is Ion ger tha n I.（錯） HiS ruler is Ion ger tha n min e.對）The Weather here is hotter thanhat in Beijing.

24、（that 不能少）課堂練習(xí)1. It WaSWeather that they decided to go out for a PiC ni無錫市A. SUCh fineB. SUCh a fine C. so fineD. so fine a2. My Parents will go there by taxi because it is raining.A. badlyB. hardly C. PrObabIyD. heavily3. Da niel is a CarefUI driver, but he drivesof my frie nds.蘇州市A. more CarefUIly

25、 B. the most CarefUIly C. less CarefUIly D. the least CarefUIly4. MrS Ki ng kept Weighi ng herself to See how muchShe WaS gett ing.A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest5. Did you watch the basketball match last weekend? Yes, I did. It was covered, and I think it was wonderful.A. live B.

26、 alive C living D. lively6. The girl's voice sounds. Maybe she can become a good singer when shegrows up.A. sweet B. sweetly C. beautifully7. How are you today, Bob? I'm evennow. I don't think the medicine isgood for me.A. better B. worse C. happier D. unluckier8. Billy has all kinds Of

27、differe nt ideas. He isto be a famous writer.宿遷市A. enough creativeB. creative enoughC. energetic enough D. enough energetic9. Helen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dancesAnita does.A. so good asB. as well asB. C. as good asD. so well as10. When the fire broke out, many people were sothat

28、 they ran.A. frightening; wildB. frightened; wildC. frightened; wildlyD. frightening; wildly11. The work is too difficult for Mr Zhu to finish in a week. He needsdays.A. more twoB. two moreC. two anotherD. another more12. In the Science Museum, the children feltto see so manythings.A. surprised; ama

29、zedB. surprising; amazingC surprising; amazedD. surprised; amazing13. It was music that I lost myself in it. 泰州市A. such a beautiful B. so beautiful aC. so beautifulD. such beautiful14. Be . Make sure not to make the same spelling mistake next time.A. peacefulB. carefulC. helpfulD. thankful15. When a

30、n earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should keep calm and goto an open area as as possible.A. slowlyB. quietlyC. widely D. quickly16. I've got nothing to do. I'm .A. boredB. interestedC. excitedD. frightened17. She was well dressed that she attracted everyone's attention at th

31、e party.A. soB. quiteC. tooD. very18. Peter drivesAmy, so it will take Peter time to get to the hotel.A. much faster than; lessB. more slowly than; lessC as fast as; moreD. as slowly as; more副詞副詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識點。 從考查形式看，一般有單項選擇、完形填空、詞語運用等。所占分值通常為 24分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生的具體語言環(huán)境中使用副詞的 能力。-考查重點中考試題對副詞的考查涉及常用副詞的

32、用法、 副詞等級的各種句型、易混淆的副詞用法辨析等。其中，頻度副詞 always, Often , USUaIly , SometimeS, never,時間副詞 already, yet, still , just,疑問畐U詞 how, Why , Whe n , Where,程度畐U詞 eno ugh, quite 以及 too, also, either 等的用法區(qū)別，畐恫比較等級句型是考查的熱點。副詞的分類：（見下表）時間副詞頻度副詞地點/方位副 詞程度副詞方式副 詞疑問/連接副 詞其他副詞today, tomorrow,On ce,here, there,very, too,well

33、,how,too, also,yesterday, now.twice,home, below,eno ugh,hard,where,nor, so,the n, early, late,always,any where,rather, quite,alo ne,Whe n,as, on,off,once, Soon ,just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,toni ght, l ong,ofte n,in, in side, out,much, just,together,Whetheryes, no,already, yet

34、, before,SOmetimeSJback, up, dow n,n early, OnlySUdde nly,however, etc.not, n eitherago, later, ever Si ncen ever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly結(jié)尾關(guān)系副詞maybe,after, Whe never(seldom),n ear, n earby,as Iong as等，的副詞where,PerhaPs,first, someday,ever,WhereVereven, all,why, howCertai nly,SOmetime, last,

35、everywhere,a little, a bitWhe n,、副詞的基本用法：副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句話的詞類，表示時間、地點、程度、方式等概念。例如，1.we should listen to our teachers carefully.我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講課。2. he is Very happy today.他今天非常高興。3. “ What happened” i asked rather angrily.發(fā)生什么事情了？”我相當(dāng)生氣地問。4. in SPring , i Can See flowers everywhere.在春天，我至U處都能看至U花。三、

36、常見副詞用法辨析1.already與yet的區(qū)別already用于肯定句句中，表示 已經(jīng)” ；yet用于否定句句末，表示 還”，用于疑問句句末, 表示已經(jīng)”例如，he had already left When i called.當(dāng)我給他打電話時，他已經(jīng)離開了。have you found your ruler yet ?你已經(jīng)找到你的尺子了嗎？1 haven ' t finiShed my homework yet我還沒有完成作業(yè)。注意：already還可以表示驚奇，驚訝等語氣，常用于疑問句句末例如：has your Songone to school already?你的兒子已經(jīng)上

37、學(xué)了嗎？（表示很驚訝）2 Very , much 禾口 Very much.的區(qū)另Uvery 用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級； much 用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級；修飾動詞 要用 very much.例如， john is very honest. 約翰非常誠實。this garden is much bigger than that one. 這個花園比那個大的多。thank you very much. 非常感謝你3.so 與 such 的區(qū)別 so 修飾形容詞或副詞 ;such 修飾名詞， 例如， my brother runs so fast that i can ' t fo

38、llow him. 我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。he is SUCh a boy他是一個這樣的孩子。so修飾的形容詞后可以有一個單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“So形容詞+aan+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”.sUCh 可以修飾可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，名詞前可以有形容詞作定語，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“ such+a/an形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) ”“ SUCh形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”. 例如， he is so Clever a boy.=he is sUCh a Clever boy. 他是一個如此聰明的孩子。it is such cold weather. 這么冷的天氣。 （正）it is so cold

39、weather.（ 誤 ）they are such good students. 他們是那么好的學(xué)生。（正）they are so good students. （誤 ）如果可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前有many， few 或不可數(shù)名詞前有 much， little 修飾，用 so 不用such.例如，so many（如此多的）；so few（如此少的）可以加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)so much（如此多的）；so little（如此少的）可以加不可數(shù)名詞4. also， too， as well 與 either 的區(qū)別also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be動詞，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞之后，行為

40、動 詞之前； as well， too 用于句末； either 用于否定句中，置于句末。例如， my father is a teacher. my mother is also a teacher.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher as well.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher， too.我爸爸是一名老師，我媽媽也是。i Can ' t SPeak french. jenny can ' t SPeaketfeecl我不會說法語，詹妮也不會。5. s

41、ometime ， sometimes， some time 與 some times 的區(qū)別SOmetime :某一時間，某一時刻，可指將來時，也可指過去時SOmetimeS :有時，不時的some time： 一 段時間some times :幾次，幾倍. 例如， we' ll have a test sometime next month. 下個月的某一時間，我們要進(jìn)行一次測試。SOmetimeS We are busy and SOmetimeS We are not.有時我們很忙，有時不忙。 he stayed in beijing for some time last ye

42、ar. 他去年在北京呆了一段時間。 i have been to beijing some times. 我去過北京好幾次。6. ago 與 before 的區(qū)別ago 表示以現(xiàn)在為起點的 “以前 ”，常與一般過去時連用，不可以單獨使用。 before 指過去或?qū)淼哪硶r刻 “以前 ”，也可泛指以前， 常和完成時連用， 可以單獨使用。例如， i saw him ten minutes ago. 我十分鐘之前看到的他。he told me that he had seen the film before. 他告訴我他以前看過這場電影。7. now ， just 與 just now 的區(qū)別now

43、:與一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時連用，意為現(xiàn)在”just:與現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時連用，表示剛”just now :和過去時連用，表示 剛才”. 例如， where does he live now ？他現(xiàn)在住哪里？ we have just seen the film. 我們剛看過這場電影。he was here just now. 他剛才在這里。課堂練習(xí)一、根據(jù)句意和所給的首字母，寫出副詞的完整形式。1. The boy fell off his bike and hurt himself b .2. “ Why are late for school again? ” the te

44、acher asked a.3. I didn ' t see mduring the flight because there are tmuch cloud.4. He is snice a person that we all like him.5. The wordson the blackboard are so small that I can' t see them c.6. You can ' t drive a car. I can ' t e.7. Please speak l, I can ' t hear you.8. The g

45、reen lights don' t shine so b as the yellow ones.9. How fdid he run? Two miles.10. Lucy studies Chinese hthan Lily; so she does bin Chinese than Lily.11. He often takes a lift to go up and d.12. Then he gets oof the lift and climb uto the fifteenth floor on foot.13. Go along this road and turn r

46、at the second crossing.14. I got up eand hurried to the station.15. The old man was too tired to walk any f.16. You don ' t write so cas before.17. The truck hit the tree so hthat it fell down.18. LI was at home when she called.19. Look! The kite is flying hand h.20. The children rushed nto thei

47、r seats.21. You came to school lin your class yesterday.22. Lucy did rather b. Mei mei did w. Lily did wof all.23. How wthe little girl is dancing over there.24. My mother coughed tfor the whole night.25. Old people must be spoken to p.二、選擇題1. The sun rises in the east.A. never B. sometimes C. alway

48、s D. often2. I always listen to the teacher in class. It ' s very clever of you to do that.A. freeB. freely C. careful D. carefully3. They could do the work better with money and people.A. little, fewer B. fewer, less C. less, fewer D. less, few4. Mon day is myday.A. the busiest B. busyC. busier

49、D. busiest5. Mr. Taylor, the bank man ager ofte n dressesmoreto get relaxed at theWeeke nds.A . carefullyB. no rmallyC. CaSUaIIy D. particularly6. Jenny, a man n amed Tom PhOned you. He asked you to call him back.A. now and the nB. just nowC. right nowD. from now on7. Tom isof the two.A. the youn ge

50、r B. the youn gestC. youn ger D. the young8. Whatnews it was! Yes, all of the ChiIdre n Were.A. excited; excit ingB. excit ing; excitedC. excit ing; excit ingD. excited ; excited9. The Pia nos in this shop are asas the ones in that shop.A. CheaPB. CheaPeSt C. CheaPer D. the CheaPeSt10. It ' S Wi

51、nter now. It is getting.A. Very cold and coldB. colder and colderC. more cold and coldD. coldest and coldest專題復(fù)習(xí)：完型填空My mom only had one eye. I hated her.There WaS one day duri ng Primary school Whe n my mom Came to Say hello to me. How could She 61_ this to me? I threw her a hateful look and ran ou

52、t. The next day one of my CIaSSmateS said, "EEEE,' your mom only has one eye!" I Wan ted my mom to just disappear 消肖失）'from my life. I told her that day, "If you're only making OtherS laugh at me, Why don't you just 62 ?" My mom WaS sile nt. I did n't 63 to th

53、ink about What 1 had said, because I WaS full of an ger.I Wanted out of that 64, and have nothing to do With her. I StUdied hard andWent to Korea. 651 had my own family. 1 WaS happy With my life and myChiIdre n.One day, my mom Came to ViSit me. When She stood by the door, my ChiIdren laughed. I ShOU

54、ted at 66, “ How dare you come to my house and SCare驚嚇）my ChiIdre n!' GET .OUT OF HERE! NOW!" My mom quietly an SWered," Oh, I'm so sorry. I may have gotte n the wrong 67," and She Went away.One day, I Came back for a school reunion （聚會）.My n eighbors SaW me and told me my mom

55、 died. They 68 me a letter.My dearest son,I thi nk of you all the time. I'm sorry that I WaS an embarrassme nt to you Whe n you Were grow ing up.You see.when you Were Very little, you got into an accident, and lost your eye. AS a mother, I could n't69 you hav ing to grow UP With one eye. So

56、I gave you mine.I WaS so 70 of my son who WaS See ing a whole new world for me, in my place, With that eye.With all my IOVe to you, YOur mother()61. A. SayB. doC. expla inD. throw()62. A. comeB. leaveC. dieD. Start()63. A. stopB. needC. WantD. Care()64. A. schoolB. classC. hospitalD. house()65. A. StillB. ThenC. Agai nD. SUdde nly()66. A. themB. youC. itD. her()67. A. addressB. ideaC. timeD. key()68. A. wroteB. SentC.han