句子成分和基本句型-ss

1、No pains, no gains. 寧鄉(xiāng)十中高二英語(yǔ)學(xué)案基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法句子成分和基本句型姓名：_ 班級(jí)_一句子的主要成份與次要成份句子成分是句子中起一定功用的組成部分。句子的主要成份由主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)部分部分組成。句子的次要成分有賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。其中，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)與同位語(yǔ)在高中階段較常見(jiàn)。 例如：The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring(主語(yǔ)) (定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)) (系動(dòng)詞) (表語(yǔ)) (狀語(yǔ))Who left the guest waiting in the meeting so long.?(主語(yǔ)) (謂語(yǔ)) (賓語(yǔ)) (補(bǔ)

2、語(yǔ)) (狀語(yǔ))練習(xí) 在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出以下句子劃線部分的基本成份1.They are workers from China.（ ） ( ) ( ) ( )2. The singer made himself known.（ ） ( ) ( ) ( )3.My classmates sent their best wishes to me.（ ） ( ) ( ) ( ) （ ） ( ) ( ) 二、主語(yǔ)及充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的詞性、形式、短語(yǔ)或句子1) Deer are animals.(主語(yǔ)由_充當(dāng))2) Everything goes well.(主語(yǔ)由_來(lái)充當(dāng))3) 99 is larger than 98

3、. (主語(yǔ)由_來(lái)充當(dāng))4) To say is one thing and to do is another thing.(主語(yǔ)由_來(lái)充當(dāng))5) To host a party is not an easy thing.(主語(yǔ)由_來(lái)充當(dāng))6) Swimming does good to ones health.(主語(yǔ)由_來(lái)充當(dāng))7) Walking his pet dog every day is his favorite.(主語(yǔ)由_來(lái)充當(dāng))8) What he said hurt me greatly.(主語(yǔ)由_來(lái)充當(dāng))三、謂語(yǔ)以及充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞9) The bike went wrong

4、again.(_ 作謂語(yǔ)，_)10) Most of the my classmates work hard.（_作謂語(yǔ)，_）11) They told me his experiences in America.（_作謂語(yǔ)，_）12) Some students are making much noise in the classroom now.(are making作謂語(yǔ))13) We will stay at the school at the weekend.(will stay作謂語(yǔ))14) Many flowers will have been planted by the en

5、d of the year.（will have been planted作謂語(yǔ)）四、賓語(yǔ)及充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的詞性、形式、短語(yǔ)或句子15) The factory makes paper.(_作賓語(yǔ))16) I will make it one day.(_作賓語(yǔ))17) The price increased by 10%.（_作賓語(yǔ)）18) They planned to go ahead of time.（_作賓語(yǔ)）19) Do you like swimming?（_作賓語(yǔ)）20) Some students asked to act as volunteers.（_作賓語(yǔ)）21) I for

6、got bringing my mobile phone.（_作賓語(yǔ)）22) Do you know where he lives?（_作賓語(yǔ)）五、定語(yǔ)及充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的詞性、形式、短語(yǔ)或句子（1）_作定語(yǔ)：A book cover, a coffee cup, a table leg, a mountain plant（2）_作定語(yǔ): an attractive sight, people alive, the students present at the meeting（3）_作定語(yǔ): The students here work hard. The book over there is hi

7、s.（4）_作定語(yǔ): The pencil-bos on the desk is mine. （5） _定語(yǔ): He is a walking dictionary Do you know the boy standing outside the classroom? I like novels written by Luxun. （6）_: Is there anything to eat? （7）_: The bookcase that was bought yesterday is cheap.練習(xí) 將下列句中作定語(yǔ)的部分劃線.1.I need a book cover. 2.John

8、is a handsome star.3.The trees over there grow green. 4.The books in my schoolbag are readable.5. The crowds waiting for Yang Liwei cheered up.6. Id like to introduce a book called A Woman in White to you.7.The computer to be repaired is on the desk.8. Do you know the date when he was born?句型一 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)

9、詞+表語(yǔ)（1）系動(dòng)詞的三分類(lèi)：表示_類(lèi)的有be,remain, stay, keep, prove等；表示_類(lèi)的有g(shù)row, turn, get, become, fall，go，come等；表示_類(lèi)的有l(wèi)ook, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem，appear. 等；例如: I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.我是高中生他是初中生。After four years, Tom became a doctor =turned doctor.四年后，湯姆成了一名醫(yī)生。The story sound

10、s interesting and instructive.這故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)既有趣又有教育意義。（2） 可以充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的有形容詞、名詞、副詞(短語(yǔ))、介詞短語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)從句、分詞（短語(yǔ)）等。例如：In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday.(_作表語(yǔ))In my mind, mother is my hero.(_作表語(yǔ))Look1 Your pet dog is there.(_作表語(yǔ))The schoolbags come in different sizes.(_作表語(yǔ))Youve changed a lot. You are not

11、what you were.(_作表語(yǔ))Many passengers got injured in the accident.(_作表語(yǔ))The machine keeps running for a long time.（_作表語(yǔ)）（3） 使用系動(dòng)詞應(yīng)注意的地方:第一，沒(méi)有_；第二，.一般沒(méi)有_；第三，有些動(dòng)詞既是系動(dòng)詞又是普通動(dòng)詞，如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get,smell等。第四，非謂語(yǔ)一般用現(xiàn)在分詞倒如：After two-days treatment, he felt well again.(不用was felt) He remains an exce

12、llent engineer in the fatory.(不用 is remained)比較以下句子：1) The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.2) We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now.3) Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth.練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子，選擇一個(gè)合適的動(dòng)詞填空或根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填空：(1)I _（remain/keep/stay）a nurse while he has_(turned/beco

13、me) engineer(2) Put the meat in the refridgerator(冰箱).It _(goes/gets/turns/becomes) bad easily.(3) What he said_(sounds/looks/smells/tastes) reasonable.(4)He feels _(comfortable/comfortably), working in the air-conditioned office.(5) When the winter comes, the leaves in the tree turn _(yellow/green)

14、.(6) My mother _(looks/appears) young although she is already in her late fifties.(7) More trees will _(be grown/grow/) around our school.(8) We do morning exercises to _(keep/turn/become) healthy.(9)The apple _(tastes/is tasted) sweet. (10)Those apples _(have tasted/have been tasted) already.（11）Pl

15、ease keep _(安靜) ; The baby has fallen _(睡). (12) They work day and night to make their dream come_(真).句型二 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(1)不及物動(dòng)詞不能直接加賓語(yǔ)。如, agree, lie, work, argue,lie,belong,come, go,reply等。(2) 不及物動(dòng)詞加一個(gè)介詞后構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)可以加賓語(yǔ)。如，agree with, lie in, work at, belong to , come across, go to等。（3）有些動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞。如，beg

16、in, sell,write,wash,answer, read等。例如：The meeting begins at half past nine. (不及物動(dòng)詞) The professor began his speech directly.（及物動(dòng)詞）The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them.(第一個(gè)sell為不及物動(dòng)詞而第二個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞)。練習(xí) 1.在每一空格上填一恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。（1）I dont agree _you completely. I have my own opinion.(2) The dictionary

17、 is not Toms. It belongs _me.(3) Use your head, and you will think _some ways to solve the problem.(4) To improve my English, I work hard _it.(5) Lood _the cloudy sky,. It is going to rain.句型三 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)練習(xí) 劃出以下句子的主、謂、賓部分如：Doing morning exercises benefits our health.（1）To master a foreign language he

18、lps us communicate with foreigners.（2）I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.（3）We missed going to college for that reason.（4）What he said touched me greatly.句型四 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）（1）雙賓語(yǔ)指直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)。一般地說(shuō)，賓語(yǔ)指人為間接賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)指物為直接賓語(yǔ)。例如：My father bought me a car.（me為間接賓語(yǔ)，a car 為直接賓語(yǔ)）The singer sang u

19、s another song.（us為間接賓語(yǔ)，another song 為直接賓語(yǔ)）（2）如果直接賓語(yǔ)放在及物動(dòng)詞之后、間接賓語(yǔ)之前，那兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)之間有一個(gè)介詞(to, for)The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.The singer sang another song for us.練習(xí) 在每一空格上填一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。（1）Mother bought a birthday cake _me.(2) Give a second apple _her. She likes it.(3) The company wil

20、l provide some drinks _ the volunteers.句型五 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）： 4) Tom made the baby laugh.（不帶to的不定式laugh作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）5) Tell him to follow the instructions.(不定式短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ))6) They made Beijing the capital of the PRC.(名詞作賓補(bǔ))7) We saw the old man crossing the street when we walked.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ))8) I tried my best to make the lesson a lively one.(不定代詞one 作賓補(bǔ))9) What made you here?(副詞作賓補(bǔ))10) We found ourselves in great trouble.(介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ))11) Dont leave the machine working all da