高三英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法

1、語(yǔ)法精講強(qiáng)化系列1. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1一般時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 如如usually, often, always, sometimes, every day等。等。*On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. (2)表示客觀事實(shí)、真理、格言或者警句等。表示客觀事實(shí)、真理、格言或者警句等。(3)表示按照時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃安排好的或者規(guī)定的行為表示按照

2、時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃安排好的或者規(guī)定的行為, 只只限于限于go, come, leave, start, stop, arrive, begin, return, open, close等表示動(dòng)作趨向性或移動(dòng)意義的詞。等表示動(dòng)作趨向性或移動(dòng)意義的詞。*My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m. (4)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。般將來(lái)時(shí)。*You will surely succeed if you try your best. 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】

3、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)This cycle_ (go)day after day. The walls warm up during the day. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為day after day, 且根據(jù)第二句的且根據(jù)第二句的warm用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可知此處表示目前的情況用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可知此處表示目前的情況, 所以所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。答案判定答案判定: goes2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)(1)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用常用yesterday, last ye

4、ar, in 1995, the other day等作時(shí)間狀等作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。*It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. (2)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。去將來(lái)時(shí)。*He said he would not go if it rained. (3)表達(dá)表達(dá)“原以為原以為/本來(lái)認(rèn)為本來(lái)認(rèn)為/原希望原希望”等意義時(shí)等意義時(shí), know, think, expect等動(dòng)詞常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。等動(dòng)詞常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。*I didnt expect to meet

5、you here. 我沒(méi)料到會(huì)在這里碰見(jiàn)你。我沒(méi)料到會(huì)在這里碰見(jiàn)你。 【辨析】【辨析】一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般一般過(guò)去過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間, 不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果在造成的影響或結(jié)果; 與表示過(guò)去某一特定與表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間或與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)的某一過(guò)去時(shí)間連用時(shí)間或與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)的某一過(guò)去時(shí)間連用現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)時(shí)表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系, 主要強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果在造成的影響和結(jié)果; 可與可與today, this week, since等表示包括現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)

6、連用等表示包括現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用, 但但不能和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用不能和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用*Theyve gone to Paris so far. 他們目前已經(jīng)去巴黎了他們目前已經(jīng)去巴黎了(說(shuō)明他們現(xiàn)在不在這里說(shuō)明他們現(xiàn)在不在這里)。*They went to Paris last year. 他們?nèi)ツ耆ミ^(guò)巴黎他們?nèi)ツ耆ミ^(guò)巴黎(只說(shuō)明去過(guò)只說(shuō)明去過(guò), 不表明是否現(xiàn)在仍在不表明是否現(xiàn)在仍在那里那里)?！镜淅饰觥俊镜淅饰觥坑盟o詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)It was raining lightly when I_ (arrive)in Yangs

7、huo just before dawn. But I didnt care. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 句意句意: 就在天亮之前我到了陽(yáng)朔就在天亮之前我到了陽(yáng)朔, 天下著小天下著小雨。但是我關(guān)心的不是這件事。根據(jù)主句雨。但是我關(guān)心的不是這件事。根據(jù)主句was raining以及第二句話的以及第二句話的didnt可知可知, 記敘的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情記敘的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情, 應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。答案判定答案判定: arrived3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)(1)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), 即單即單純的將來(lái)事實(shí)。純的將來(lái)事實(shí)。*He w

8、ill graduate from Beijing University next year. (2)三類(lèi)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)三類(lèi)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu): be going to do sth. 表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或者有表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或者有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。*Really?Youre going to walk the dog?be to do sth. 表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要做某事表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要做某事, 或者或者按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。*We are to obey these rules when we go

9、into the library. be about to do sth. 表示即將要發(fā)生某事。該結(jié)構(gòu)通表示即將要發(fā)生某事。該結(jié)構(gòu)通常不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。常不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。*The train is about to leave. 火車(chē)即將開(kāi)出?；疖?chē)即將開(kāi)出?！镜淅饰觥俊镜淅饰觥坑盟o詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we_ (wait)for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning. 解題關(guān)鍵

10、解題關(guān)鍵: 根據(jù)根據(jù)if從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái), 可可知主句用知主句用will+動(dòng)詞原形表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。動(dòng)詞原形表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。答案判定答案判定: will wait【高考題組】【高考題組】單句語(yǔ)法填空單句語(yǔ)法填空/改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò)1. (2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)Yangshuo _(be)really beautiful. 2. (2015廣東高考廣東高考)While making great efforts to run away, she _(fall)over the hill and died. isfell3. (2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)Well also s

11、pend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope _(make)them happy. 4. (2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. (改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò))_will makethink改為改為thought5. (2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)Tony was scared and begun to cry. (改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò))_6. (2015四川高考四川高考)As

12、 I tell you last time, I made threenew friends here. (改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò))_begun改為改為begantell改為改為told考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或者表示表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或者表示現(xiàn)階段現(xiàn)階段(at present, this week等等)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、存在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)的狀態(tài)(說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定進(jìn)行或存在說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定進(jìn)行或存在)。*Experts are wondering now if the Internet is changing

13、what we remember and how. (2)一些特定的表示動(dòng)作趨向性的短暫性動(dòng)詞一些特定的表示動(dòng)作趨向性的短暫性動(dòng)詞come, go, leave, get, start, open, arrive, begin, return等常用現(xiàn)在等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。*Some of these are getting scarce because people kill them for various reasons. (3)現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在(或者過(guò)去或者過(guò)去)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與always, constantly, often, forever, continually等

14、副詞連用表示說(shuō)話者的等副詞連用表示說(shuō)話者的“贊嘆、贊嘆、厭煩、不滿厭煩、不滿”等感情色彩。等感情色彩。*The girl is always talking aloud in public. 【辨析】【辨析】一般現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)主要用于習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作主要用于習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作, 常伴隨使常伴隨使用頻度副詞用頻度副詞usually, often, seldom等等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)主要用于表示目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)主要用于表示目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)作或狀態(tài), 常跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now, at present等等連用連用*He usually writes a lot

15、of letters, but he isnt writing at present. 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2015北京高考北京高考)I(write)to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 此句是書(shū)信的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)此句是書(shū)信的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ), 強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在正在寫(xiě)信強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在正在寫(xiě)信, 故故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案判定答案判定: am writing2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者存在的

16、狀態(tài)。存在的狀態(tài)。*Now twenty-two years old, he was studying wetlands ecology. He again appeared before the town planning board. (2)表示過(guò)去一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。表示過(guò)去一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。*She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house. (3)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示按計(jì)劃、安排在過(guò)去將要發(fā)生過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示按計(jì)劃、安排在過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的事。用于的事。用于come, go, leave, s

17、tart, arrive等表示位置移等表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí), 也可以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去按照計(jì)劃、也可以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去按照計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。*Yesterday he said he was leaving for Canada. 【辨析】【辨析】一般過(guò)去一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作; 亦可表示過(guò)去某個(gè)亦可表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的單純動(dòng)作時(shí)刻發(fā)生的單純動(dòng)作(側(cè)重說(shuō)明事實(shí)側(cè)重說(shuō)明事實(shí))過(guò)去進(jìn)行過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作; 亦可亦可表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段

18、時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作作(強(qiáng)調(diào)在這一過(guò)程中所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或展開(kāi)強(qiáng)調(diào)在這一過(guò)程中所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或展開(kāi)的情景的情景)或者不斷反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者不斷反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作*I was reading a novel last night. (可能沒(méi)看完可能沒(méi)看完)。*I read a novel last night. (已經(jīng)看完已經(jīng)看完)?！镜淅饰觥俊镜淅饰觥坑盟o詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2014全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)He_ (ride) beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the dr

19、iver. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 根據(jù)句意根據(jù)句意“他正在公交車(chē)旁邊騎著自行車(chē)并他正在公交車(chē)旁邊騎著自行車(chē)并揮舞著胳膊揮舞著胳膊”, 以及關(guān)鍵詞以及關(guān)鍵詞and waving, 可知可知ride也應(yīng)該也應(yīng)該用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與wave并列并列, 而且根據(jù)第二句的而且根據(jù)第二句的heard可知可知是發(fā)生在過(guò)去是發(fā)生在過(guò)去, 故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案判定答案判定: was riding3. 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 或按預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)或按預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有生的事情。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有: soon, tomorr

20、ow, this evening, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等。等。*This time next week Ill be lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine. 【辨析】【辨析】一般將一般將來(lái)時(shí)來(lái)時(shí)表示對(duì)表示對(duì)“現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻”來(lái)說(shuō)來(lái)說(shuō), 將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)將來(lái)進(jìn)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)表示將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作行的動(dòng)作*She is sixteen, and will be seventeen nex

21、t year. *What will you be doing at this time next Monday?【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2013江蘇高考江蘇高考)Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure. I(write)a report at home. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 由題干中的關(guān)鍵信息詞由題干中的關(guān)鍵信息詞tomorrow morning可知可知, 雙方在談?wù)撁魈煸绯康氖虑殡p方在談?wù)撁魈煸绯康氖虑? 所以答語(yǔ)應(yīng)用將來(lái)所以答語(yǔ)應(yīng)用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí), 表示表示“明天早晨我將在家寫(xiě)報(bào)告明天早晨我將在

22、家寫(xiě)報(bào)告”。答案判定答案判定: will be writing【高考題組】【高考題組】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. (2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)And the town _(become)a popular weekend destination for people in Asia now. 2. (2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)Now I _(live)in a city, but I miss my home in the countryside. is becomingam living3. (2014遼寧高考遼寧高考)While some follow the medical

23、 guidance for wearing contact lenses, many _ (break)the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 4. (2015北京高考北京高考)In the early afternoon, when he _(plan)to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. are breakingwas planning考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3完成時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在

24、造成的影響或結(jié)果影響或結(jié)果, 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): already, so far, never, just, before, recently等。等。*Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one. (2)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與表示過(guò)去發(fā)生而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與since, for以及以及so far, now, today, this week(month, year), for a long time

25、, in the past/last few years, these days等等連用。連用。*So far no further news has been obtained. (3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中, 表表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。*Please return the book to me when you have finished it. 【點(diǎn)津】【點(diǎn)津】(1)注意牢記以下固定句型注意牢記以下固定句型: It is/has been+時(shí)間段時(shí)間段+ since. . . 表示表示“自從自從以來(lái)以來(lái)已經(jīng)已

26、經(jīng)”。*It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university. This/It/That is the first/second/third. . . time that. . . 表示表示“這這/那是那是(某人某人)第幾次做某事第幾次做某事”, that從句中要用從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。*This is the first time that I have been here. (2)注意避免思維定勢(shì)注意避免思維定勢(shì): 一看到一看到for+時(shí)間段時(shí)間段, 就用動(dòng)詞的就用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。一定要看語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)調(diào)是現(xiàn)在

27、完成時(shí)態(tài)。一定要看語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)調(diào)是“該動(dòng)作曾經(jīng)做該動(dòng)作曾經(jīng)做過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”(一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)), 還是還是“該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)做完多該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)做完多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China. 楊振寧在美國(guó)定居多年楊振寧在美國(guó)定居多年, 現(xiàn)在他生活在中國(guó)?，F(xiàn)在他生活在中國(guó)。Dashan has lived in China for many years. 大山在中國(guó)住了許多年。大山在中國(guó)住了許多年。 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適

28、當(dāng)形式填空(2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)When a new day breaks, the walls(give)up their heat and are now cold enough. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知強(qiáng)調(diào)“耗盡了熱量后耗盡了熱量后, 現(xiàn)在足現(xiàn)在足夠冷了夠冷了”, 故故give up這一動(dòng)作是截止到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的這一動(dòng)作是截止到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作動(dòng)作, 且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響, 故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案判定答案判定: have given2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)(1)表示在過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作表示在過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)

29、完成的動(dòng)作, 強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”之意。常與之意。常與by, before等介詞短語(yǔ)或狀等介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。語(yǔ)從句連用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。*By the end of last year, we had accomplished the project completely. (2)表示意向的動(dòng)詞表示意向的動(dòng)詞, 如如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等等, 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本原本(事實(shí)事實(shí)上未能上未能)”。*We had expected that you w

30、ould be able to win the match. 【點(diǎn)津】【點(diǎn)津】注意固定句型注意固定句型: This/It/That was the first/second/third. . . time that. . . 表示表示“這這/那是那是(某人某人)第幾次做某事第幾次做某事”, that從句中要用從句中要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)。*This was the first time that I had been here. hardly. . . when. . . 和和no sooner. . . than. . . 兩個(gè)句型兩個(gè)句型中中, 主句均用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。主句均用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

31、*Hardly had the match started when we arrived. 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2014山東高考山東高考)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we(expect). 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞was可知可知“耗費(fèi)時(shí)間耗費(fèi)時(shí)間”這這一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生, 而而“預(yù)想時(shí)間預(yù)想時(shí)間”應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在“耗費(fèi)耗費(fèi)時(shí)間時(shí)間”之前之前, 即即expect這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“

32、過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”, 故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意: 手寫(xiě)所有的邀請(qǐng)函比我們預(yù)手寫(xiě)所有的邀請(qǐng)函比我們預(yù)想的更耗時(shí)。想的更耗時(shí)。答案判定答案判定: had expected【高考題組】【高考題組】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. (2015四川高考四川高考)People _(puzzle)over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks for a long time. And theres no obvious answer. have puzzled2. (2015天津高考天津高考)The next day, we

33、got a disappointing message that another buyer _(offer)a much higher price. 3. (2015重慶高考重慶高考)Her family _(return) from abroad, and then got a message from the vet. had offeredhad returned考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)常用來(lái)表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在常用來(lái)表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。并且會(huì)繼續(xù)

34、進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。*(2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)For days the kids have been looking for others we can help. (2)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。作。*I have been calling him many times this morning, but theres no answer. 【辨析】【辨析】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作到目前為表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作到目前為止已經(jīng)完成止已經(jīng)完成, 體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的一

35、個(gè)動(dòng)作到目前為表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作到目前為止仍在進(jìn)行止仍在進(jìn)行, 甚至仍將繼續(xù)甚至仍將繼續(xù)Ive watched the TV series Nirvana in Fire. (已經(jīng)完已經(jīng)完成成)I have been watching the TV series Nirvana in Fire these days. (仍在進(jìn)行甚至仍將繼續(xù)仍在進(jìn)行甚至仍將繼續(xù))【典例剖析】【典例剖析】單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)(2014全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)Since thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they p

36、lease. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞since then提示語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)調(diào)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始提示語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)調(diào)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在, 而且本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是而且本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是all these years, 通常和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完通常和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。成進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案判定答案判定: had改為改為have2. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。即過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是存在的狀態(tài)。即過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是“立足過(guò)去立足過(guò)去, 著眼未來(lái)著眼未來(lái)”的一種時(shí)態(tài)的一種時(shí)態(tài),

37、常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。*The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home. 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)In the store, I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our friend there _(appreciate). 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 由語(yǔ)境可知強(qiáng)調(diào)由語(yǔ)境可知強(qiáng)調(diào)“他們認(rèn)為我們那里的朋友他們認(rèn)為我們那里的朋友可能會(huì)喜愛(ài)的一些東西可能會(huì)喜愛(ài)的一些東西”, 同時(shí)

38、由關(guān)鍵詞同時(shí)由關(guān)鍵詞asked和和thought可知是站在過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上展望未來(lái)。故用過(guò)可知是站在過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上展望未來(lái)。故用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。去將來(lái)時(shí)。答案判定答案判定: would appreciate【高考題組】【高考題組】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空/改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò)1. (2014福建高考福建高考)As a result, Isabelle _ (receive)blood transfusions(輸血輸血)every 46 weeks since she was 11 months old. 2. (2014天津高考天津高考)She _ (volunteer)her time

39、and talents to such enterprises for more than 40 years. has beenreceivinghas been volunteering3. (2013福建高考福建高考)We _(drive)in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. 4. (2015天津高考天津高考)Just to see what she _(do), I gently placed one on top of the groundhogs head. 5. (2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)Tony promised her that this will never happen again. (改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò))_have been drivingwould dowill改為改為would考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊動(dòng)詞不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊動(dòng)詞(1)系動(dòng)詞類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞類(lèi)(look, seem, feel, taste, sound, prove, appear等等)。(2)表示主語(yǔ)特征的詞表示主語(yǔ)特征的詞(read, wash, write, sell, wear, lock等等), 常與常與not, hardly, well, easily, badly,