高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)

1、讀書(shū)破萬(wàn)卷下筆如有神（一）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)所表示的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 16 種時(shí)態(tài)，但是常用的只有 9 種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。下面分別介紹。1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法（do/does）1） 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、 特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day, sometimes, every week/year, twice aweek等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：a. He goes to school every day.b. He

2、is very happy.c.The earth moves around the sun.2) 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。例如：a. If you come this afternoon, we ll have a meeting.b. When I graduate, I ll go to countryside.3) 有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定 , 按時(shí)間表要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)），但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如： begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如：a.

3、 the meeting begins at seven.b. the rain starts at nine in the morning.4) 表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞 (be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等 )常用一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。a. i like english very much.b. the story sound very interesting.5) 書(shū)報(bào)的標(biāo)題、小說(shuō)等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 (did)1 ） 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與yesterday,the other

4、 day,.ago, in the past, in +過(guò)去時(shí)間（ 1998）。a. he saw mr. wang yesterday.b. he worked in a factory in 1986.2)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也可用 “used to “和“ would + 動(dòng)詞原形”。I used to smoke.During the vacation i would swim in the sea.注：”used to “示過(guò)去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。表“would +動(dòng)詞原形”沒(méi)有 “現(xiàn)在不再 ”含義。3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法（ shall/will do）一般將來(lái)時(shí)

5、表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其表達(dá)形式除了“will或shall +動(dòng)詞原形 ”表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.2）“ be to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。讀書(shū)破萬(wàn)卷下筆如有神The boy is to go to school tomorrow.Are we to go on with this work?3) “be about to+ 動(dòng)詞原形 ” 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為be ready to do sth.后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。we are about to

6、 leave.4) go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 。 i m leaving for beijing.5) 某些動(dòng)詞 (如 come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示將來(lái)。The meeting starts at five o clock.He gets off at the next stop.4. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法 (would do)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。They we

7、re sure that they would succeed.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法（ am/is/ are doing）1） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，What are you doing?2）表示某種感情色彩“總是”eg. You are always watching TV.6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 (was/were doing)1） 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in.He was watvign Tv at thi

8、s time yesterday.7. 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)（ will be doing）表將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻，某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Eg. I will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.8. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (have/has done)：1） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話之前已完成， 但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。 句中沒(méi)有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。He has gone to fuzhou.He has been to fuzhou.2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去常用for 和 since表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或 so far , now, today, t

9、his week (month, year ,), in the past 3 years等表示包括現(xiàn)在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)。He has studied english for 5 years.He has studied english since 1985.Now I have finished the work.注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞（如come, go , die, marry, buy 等）的完成時(shí)不能與 for, since 等連用。3）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可用時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。I ll go o your home whenIhave finished my h

10、omework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we ll go to the park.9過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法（ had done）1） 過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“ had + 過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。句中常用by, before, until,讀書(shū)破萬(wàn)卷下筆如有神when 等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。By the end of last year we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5000 words before i entered the un

11、iversity.2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或持續(xù)下去。Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.10將來(lái)完成時(shí)（will have done）11.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)( have (has)+ been +（doing） )，表示現(xiàn)在以前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有些動(dòng)詞（work, study, live, teach等）用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)意思差不多。I have worked here for three years.I have been working here for three years

12、.但多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在這兩種時(shí)態(tài)表示不同意思I have been writing a letter.（二）動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)1 當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式叫主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式叫被動(dòng)作語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be + 過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò) be 表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am/is/are done2） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： were/was done3） 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： will/shall be done4） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am/is/are being done5） 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was/were being done6） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： has/have been do

13、ne7） 過(guò)去完成時(shí)： had been done8） 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)： would be done9. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)： will have been done2. 一些特殊的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)1） 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be done)：the problem must be solved soon.2） 帶不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) ：the room is going to be painted.the homework needs to be done with care.特殊句式 ：1. it/this is the first/second time that .2. it is (high/a

14、bout) time that 3it is/has been 段時(shí)間 since 過(guò)去式 /should do4it is/will be段時(shí)間 before 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)5.it was 段時(shí)間before 一般過(guò)去式6.sb was/were aboout to do when一般過(guò)去式sb was/ wer doing sth .Translation: 1. A lot of books are kept in our school library.2. A thief was caught last night.3. Thewatch is being repaired.4.The

15、door was being painted at that time.5.Theclass meetingwillbe held next Saturdayafternoon.讀書(shū)破萬(wàn)卷下筆如有神6.They said the work would be finished the next day.8.She said this airport had never been used.10.A new hotel is going to be built near the station.12. The plan has already been made.13.Have you moved

16、 into the new house? Not yet. The rooms are being painted.7.My bag has been stolen.9.The question needn t be discussed.11.His bike has been stolen.14.The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. .15. Mary was making a dress when she cut her finger.16.The students were writing busily when Miss B

17、rown went to get a book she had left in the office.17.Whe and where to build the new factory hasn tbeen decided yet.18.When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.19.In come parts of the world, tea is served with milk and sugar.20、 That dinner was the most expensive meal we h

18、ad had.Consolildation:1) Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society.A. has joinedB. joinsC. had joinedD. joined2) I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio.A. taughtB. have taughtC. are taughtD. have been taught3) I called Hannah many times ye

19、sterday evening, but I couldn t get through. Her brother _on the phone all the time!A. was talkingB. has been talkingC. has talkedD. talked4) I m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months.A. is preparingB. was preparingC. had been preparingD. has been prep

20、aring5) By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, it ll be too late for him to do anything about it.A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked6) We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years.A. knewB. had knownC. have knownD. know7) Have you got any job of

21、fers? No. I _.A. waitedB. had been waiting C. have waitedD. am waiting8) If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day.A. rainedB. rainsC. has rainedD. is raining9) Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ invitedA. wereB. have beenC. ha

22、s beenD. was10) The telephone _, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A. had rungB. was ringingC. ringsD. has rung11) Have you read the book called Waiting forAnya? Who _ it?A. writesB. has writtenC. wroteD. had written12) The hotel wasn t particularly good. But I _ in many worse hotels.A .was

23、stayingB. stayedC. would stayD. had stayed讀書(shū)破萬(wàn)卷下筆如有神13) No decisionabout any future appointment until all the candidates(候選人 ) have beeninterviewed.A. will be madeB. is madeC. is being madeD. has been made14) He _ football regularly for many years when he was young.A. was playingB. playedC. has play

24、edD. had played15) Teenagers _ their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damagedB. are damagingC. damagedD. will damage16) -Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?-Terry? Never! She _ tents and fresh air!17) Years ago we didn t know this, but recent science _ that peo

25、ple who don t sleepwell soon get ill. ( 廣東卷 )A. showedB. has shownC. will showD. is showing18) The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. ( 山東卷 )A. changeB. has changedC. changingD. have changed19) “ Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.” “Oh ! I thought they_ without me. ”(江西卷 )A. wentB. are goingC. have goneD. had gone20) Months ago we sailed ten thousand mi