高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題解題技巧

1、高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題解題技巧一、四選一型閱讀高考閱讀不同文體按照題型分類主要分為五大類：細(xì)節(jié)題、推理題、主旨大意題、詞義句意猜測(cè)題、結(jié)構(gòu)順序題。1、細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧細(xì)節(jié)題，顧名思義，就是指針對(duì)文章的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)置的試題。細(xì)節(jié)題的命題方法很多，如可能是對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)用同義結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換后進(jìn)行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)（通常是四個(gè)）放在一起要求考生判斷是非（選出正確的一項(xiàng)或選出錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)）或?qū)讉€(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行排序等。解答這類試題時(shí)，一個(gè)常用的方法就是運(yùn)用定位法，即根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)中的線索詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較從而確定答案（此時(shí)要特別注意一些常見(jiàn)的同義轉(zhuǎn)換）?，F(xiàn)在圍繞上述的定位理論，引申出幾個(gè)小

2、的技巧：（1） 關(guān)鍵信息定位法。這個(gè)主要是細(xì)節(jié)題，如涉及到數(shù)字（日期、時(shí)間、價(jià)格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出數(shù)字，再找出目標(biāo)數(shù)字及相對(duì)應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)作息，還有人物姓名、地點(diǎn)名詞等等，其他的還包括一些提示情節(jié)發(fā)展，或條綱性關(guān)鍵字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream

3、in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. （2011年高考英語(yǔ)北京A篇）What happened to the author in 2011？A. She flew an airplaneB. She entered a competitionC. She went on a hot air balloon rideD. She moved into a retirement community解析：此題屬典型細(xì)節(jié)題，通過(guò)題干中的時(shí)間in 2011不難定位到文中粗

4、體字部分，很容易可以鎖定正解為C。（2） 同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問(wèn)題所用的關(guān)鍵詞和文中的不一致，但屬于同義性質(zhì)，同義轉(zhuǎn)換其實(shí)是在關(guān)鍵間的基礎(chǔ)上拐了個(gè)彎。He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down

5、and inside out， exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. （2010年高考英語(yǔ)北京B篇）What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks？A. Finding the news value of his stories.B. Giving him financial support.C. Helping him to find issues.D. Improving his g

6、ood ideas.解析：此題屬細(xì)節(jié)題，定位方式為同義定位法。題干中的talks和文章中conversations對(duì)應(yīng)，而want most和longs for對(duì)應(yīng)，這樣不難得出答案為D。小結(jié)：在閱讀中，精準(zhǔn)快速的定位加上正確的理解力才能保證做題的量與質(zhì)。定位法是需要在做題的過(guò)程中有意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)的，做題的技巧也是可以總結(jié)的，關(guān)鍵是要自覺(jué)培養(yǎng)這種分析歸納和總結(jié)的意識(shí)以及能力。二、七選五型閱讀考生需要在語(yǔ)篇信息存在缺失的情況下，準(zhǔn)確理解整篇文章，特別是設(shè)題部位前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，通過(guò)上下文的線索進(jìn)行判斷，預(yù)測(cè)下文，然后做出正確判斷。命題分析：我們?nèi)绻颜恼驴闯梢粋€(gè)信息群，這個(gè)信息群實(shí)際上是由兩大信

7、息版塊構(gòu)成的：已知信息：原文在五處空缺之外的沒(méi)有被挖掉的信息待選信息：七個(gè)待選選項(xiàng)中的信息這兩個(gè)信息板塊間絕不是孤立的，而是有緊密的互動(dòng)邏輯關(guān)系，連起來(lái)是一篇完整的文章?？荚囶}型對(duì)學(xué)生的考察能力來(lái)看無(wú)外乎兩個(gè)方面：（1） 把握整篇文章的布局和邏輯層次關(guān)系（2） 把握微觀信息間關(guān)聯(lián)性（即空格前后句間關(guān)系）解題方法：詞匯同現(xiàn)、詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)、代詞妙用、數(shù)字線索、邏輯線索。MuzakThe next time you go into a bank， a store， or a supermarket， stop and listen. What do you hear？ _ （71） It's s

8、imilar to the music you listen to， but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you， or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing， but you react to the music anyway.Quiet background music used to be called

9、 “elevator （電梯） music” because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places， and it has a new name “Muzak”. About one-third of the people in America listen to “Muzak” everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time， with short pauses in between. It is always more

10、lively between ten and eleven in the morning， and between three and four in the afternoon， when people are more tired._ （72）If you listen to Muzak carefully， you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak， but

11、others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why？ _ （73）Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy

12、when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. _ （74）Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries._ （75）They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or ano

13、ther， Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak?。?#160; 2010年高考英語(yǔ)北京卷）A. Some people don't like Muzak.B. The music gives them extra energy.C. Music is playing in the background.D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more.E. Muzak tends to help peo

14、ple understand music better.F. They ge t as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.答案：CBFDA代詞妙用：代詞指代前面提到的thing， 所以只要找到與代詞含義一致的詞就可搞定。71空格后面出現(xiàn)“It's similar to the music you listen to，”那么我們只要分析出其中的“it”的具體指代即可，通過(guò)題目及略讀下文，我們很容易

15、知道該文介紹一種音樂(lè)，而且第一段故作懸念，一直未給出其名字，所以我們只要找到選項(xiàng)中包含音樂(lè)一詞而沒(méi)有點(diǎn)名繆扎克一詞的即可，很容易鎖定BC選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)锽項(xiàng)意義與下文相去甚遠(yuǎn)，故舍B取C沒(méi)商量。75空格后出現(xiàn)“They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time.”，同理，我們就要確定“they”的具體指代，首先由于“say”的出現(xiàn)，我們鎖定“they”為人的復(fù)數(shù)，所以輕松鎖定ADF，所謂真金不怕火來(lái)煉，D顯然邏輯不通，F(xiàn)由于其主語(yǔ)也為人，段落第一句永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)意思不明的代詞（we， you 除外，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢悦鞔_指代廣義的人），故輕松排除F選出真金A。72此題雖然不是明顯的后文出現(xiàn)代詞，但其前亦有代詞出現(xiàn)，“It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning，”下文承接上文，肯定有聯(lián)系，找出“it”的具體指代-the music， 輕松選出B項(xiàng)。（注：也可應(yīng)用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法）詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法：情非得已時(shí)選擇的一種方法，知道與前后文中有詞匯重復(fù)的選項(xiàng)即可，有時(shí)也可指含義一致的詞匯，如7273前文中“but others are happ