初中定語(yǔ)從句講解

1、定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)：用于修飾名詞或代詞用于修飾名詞或代詞He is a clever boy.他是一個(gè)聰明的男孩。他是一個(gè)聰明的男孩。He is a physics teacher.他是一個(gè)物理老師。他是一個(gè)物理老師。Australia is an English-speaking country.澳大利亞是一個(gè)講英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家。澳大利亞是一個(gè)講英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家。 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句先行詞：先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。 定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞后面。定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞后面。關(guān)系詞：

2、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為 關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose)和和 關(guān)系副詞（關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why)。關(guān)系代詞在從關(guān)系代詞在從 句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分，關(guān)系副詞句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分，關(guān)系副詞 在句中作狀語(yǔ)。在句中作狀語(yǔ)。I like music that / which I can dance to.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句I like the singer who is beautiful.I like the movie tha

3、t is funny.I still remember the first time when I met her. I have an apple.An apple is red.I have an apple that is red.修飾先行詞修飾先行詞 an apple I have some friends. Some friends like sports.I have some friends who like sports. 修飾先行詞修飾先行詞 friends I like the movie. The movie is exciting.I like the movie th

4、at is exciting .that 修飾先行詞修飾先行詞movieThe woman who lives next door is a teacher. The woman is a teacher. The woman lives next door.who修飾先行詞修飾先行詞woman關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: that, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞： 指物：指物：that which 指人：指人：who (主主/賓格賓格) that whom（賓格）（賓格）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that, wh

5、ich引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句: 如果如果先行詞先行詞是表示物的是表示物的名詞或代詞名詞或代詞，關(guān)系，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用代詞應(yīng)用that、which. (作作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))This is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come true.The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which was lost has been found.Practise: 1.This is the house which is

6、 for sale.2. The book which is lying on the floor is mine.which / that 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ). (不能省不能省)（作主語(yǔ)）（作主語(yǔ)）which / that 作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ) ： （可省略）可省略）This is the card.Ive just received the card.This is the card which / that Ive just received.Practise:1.This is the mistake which /that I always make.2. I still keep the let

7、ters which she wrote to me.3. I lost the pen which my father bought me.( ) （作賓語(yǔ)）（作賓語(yǔ)）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞who, that, whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句句: 如果如果先行詞先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，是表示人的名詞或代詞，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who, that (作作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))whom (作作賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))who / that 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ). (不能省不能省)This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.This is

8、 the film star who is very popular in China. (作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))1.The boy who broke the window is called Roy.2. Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?3. The girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin./ thatwho / whom / that 作賓語(yǔ)：作賓語(yǔ)：( 可省略可省略)The man is a famous writer. He described the man j

9、ust now.The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作賓語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)）1.The boy who(m) I m looking for is my friend.2. The thief has been sent to prison. The police caught the thief last night. The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.小結(jié)： that 既可指人，也可指物，作主

10、語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。 which指物，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略. who 指人，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，指人，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由先行詞先行詞定。定。有時(shí)只能用有時(shí)只能用 that , 不用不用 which, 常見(jiàn)的情況：常見(jiàn)的情況：1.當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody,nobody

11、, everyone, no one 或被它們修飾時(shí)。或被它們修飾時(shí)。 Thats all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you? He answered few questions that the teacher asked.2. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí) That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.The first thing that I should do is to review my lesson

12、s.3. 當(dāng)先行詞有當(dāng)先行詞有the very, the only, the same等修等修飾時(shí)。飾時(shí)。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.4. 當(dāng)主句以當(dāng)主句以 who 或或 which開(kāi)頭時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的開(kāi)頭時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用關(guān)系詞用 that, 而不用而不用 which 或或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost ?5. 先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞

13、用先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.whose 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),表示所屬關(guān)系。表示所屬關(guān)系。 The boy is my classmate. The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.H

14、e is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you boug

15、ht last week?Exercise 1 :用關(guān)系代詞填空用關(guān)系代詞填空1. The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3. I hate people _ talk much but do little.4. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man

16、 _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人和物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.Exercise 2. 1. My father and his teacher talked

17、 a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2. Say all _ you know.3. Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat當(dāng)先行詞是something, anything, nothing, all 等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)等詞修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.當(dāng)主句是who或或which 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，而中心詞指人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.thatthat 由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)定語(yǔ),即在復(fù)即在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句合句中修飾名詞或