初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳細(xì)總結(jié)(共8頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詞法1、名詞A）名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, 三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies,2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, b

2、oy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來(lái)詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shor

3、ts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚(yú) fishes魚(yú)的種類(lèi), paper紙

4、papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一） 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice,

5、 policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers Day教師節(jié), classmates; Childrens Day六一節(jié), Womens Day三八節(jié)三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Bens room邁克和本的房間（共住一

6、間），Mikes and Bens rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項(xiàng)目 人稱(chēng)代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞人稱(chēng) 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性第一人稱(chēng) 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves第二人稱(chēng) 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves第三人稱(chēng) 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they the

7、m their theirs these those themselves3、動(dòng)詞A） 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says,

8、stays, enjoys, buys四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taki

9、ng, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開(kāi)字母組合如show showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級(jí)我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：一） 一般

10、在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier hap

11、piest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))good/well - better bestmany/much - more mostbad/ill worse worstlittle- less leastold- older/elder oldest/eldestfar- farther/further farthest/furthest

12、5、數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法句式1.陳述句肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動(dòng)詞)b) He looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞)c) I want a sweat like t

13、his. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go a

14、nd ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑問(wèn)句1) 一般疑問(wèn)句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定

15、回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 選擇疑問(wèn)句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑問(wèn)句 問(wèn)年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 問(wèn)種類(lèi) What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 問(wèn)身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is wel

16、l/fine. 問(wèn)方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones. 問(wèn)原因 Why do you want to join the club? 問(wèn)時(shí)間 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:

17、00. 問(wèn)地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 問(wèn)顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black. 問(wèn)人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 問(wèn)東西 Whats this/that (in English)? I

18、ts a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問(wèn)姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My family names Smith.12 問(wèn)哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the

19、box.13 問(wèn)字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 問(wèn)價(jià)格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 問(wèn)電話號(hào)碼 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 問(wèn)謂語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 問(wèn)職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor.三、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般

20、現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：Be 動(dòng)詞：Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina d

21、oesnt have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isnt writing a letter.Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They arent listening to the pop music.四、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法介詞用法：1)  具體時(shí)間前介詞用at。.