英語冠詞復(fù)習(xí)講義

1、冠詞（Article）一、不定冠詞用法1.用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，表示“一”。注意：a/an雖表示“一”，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別；one則強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量。試比較：I bought a computer. I bought one computer. 因此，在表示數(shù)量對(duì)比時(shí)，要用而不用a/an。I have red pencil, but she has three.2. such, quite, rather后接單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，使用such a, quite a, rather a的語序。翻譯：他是個(gè)非常誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。He is honest man. 這是多么晴朗的一天。It is fine day

2、. 3. 用于“so/as/too/how+adj. +a/an+單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。I've never seen tree. (=I've never seen tree.) 翻譯：他是像湯姆一樣聰明的孩子。這是一只多漂亮的鳥??！How ! (=How !)在what感嘆句中，語序應(yīng)為“what + a/an +adj. +單數(shù)名詞”What! 4. 慣用短語：have a word with sb, do sb afavour, take anactive part in, as aresult, in a word, all of asudden, once in awh

3、ile等。二、定冠詞用法1.There was a chair by the window. Onthe chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. 2. 用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“第幾”；用在形容詞最高級(jí)前，表示“最的”。 This may be the last chance. 但注意：有時(shí)序數(shù)詞前可以用a，表示“又一，再一”；有時(shí)形容詞最高級(jí)前可以用a，此時(shí)不表示“最”，而表示“很，非常”。Dontworry. Ill give you second chance. It is exactly most interesting book.

4、3.用在形容詞比較級(jí)前，表示兩者間“較的一個(gè)”。另外，也用于the very, the same, the only等。He is the taller of the two boys.This is the very book I want.4. 用在某些形容詞前，表示具有某些共同特征的一類人，如the rich富人，the poor窮人，the sick病人，the old老人，the young年輕人，the blind盲人，the dead死人。5. 用于句型“動(dòng)詞+ sb +介詞+the+身體某一部位”，此時(shí)the不能用物主代詞代替。take sb. by the armhit sb

5、. in the facebe red in the face6. 用于“by+ the +計(jì)量單位”，表示“按計(jì)算”，如by the ton/pound/yard/meter等。You can still buy cloth by the yard in this country. 在這個(gè)國(guó)家買布還論碼。注意：by后面如果接上對(duì)應(yīng)的抽象名詞而不是其計(jì)量單位時(shí)，中間不加冠詞，如by volume/weight/length/width/depth。Natural Gas is usually measured by volume and is stated in cubic feet.天然氣通

6、常是按體積測(cè)量的，并用立方英尺來表示。7. 及復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個(gè)群體。They are the teachers of this school.（指全體教師） They are teachers of this school. （指部分教師）8. 用在某些固定詞組中allthe same, all the time, at the beginning of, at the end of, at the entrance of, at the foot of,by the time, in the end, in the open air, tell the truth三、使用“零冠詞”的情況

7、什么是“零冠詞”？按照英語習(xí)慣，有些時(shí)候名詞前需要使用定冠詞the，有些時(shí)候需要使用不定冠詞a/an，但有些時(shí)候不需要使用（甚至不能使用）冠詞，由于不使用冠詞的情況比較特殊，在語法上將這種冠詞用法特地歸為一類，稱“零冠詞”，常用“/”表示。1.專有名詞前使用零冠詞；不可數(shù)名詞前通常使用零冠詞。翻譯：下周我將要去英國(guó)。Im going to England next week.2.如果可數(shù)名詞之前已經(jīng)有形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞及不定代詞some, any等限制時(shí)，使用零冠詞。翻譯：那封信在她的口袋里。The letter is in her pocket. 3.用復(fù)數(shù)名詞來表示一類人或事物時(shí)，

8、使用零冠詞。 翻譯：我的父親和母親是教師。My father and mother are teachers.4.在星期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日前；在學(xué)科名稱、三餐飯和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱前，均使用零冠詞。 如：在春季；在七月；在教師節(jié)（那天）注意：如果月份、季節(jié)等被一個(gè)限定性定語修飾，則要加定冠詞the。 翻譯：他在1982年春天參軍了。He joined the Army in the spring of 1982. 我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前需用定冠詞the。春節(jié)選填a, the, / a. I can see football. b. Wheres football？5.如果某個(gè)職位在某一時(shí)期內(nèi)只有一人擔(dān)任，

9、或者表示某人的頭銜、稱呼，則使用零冠詞。 （表示頭銜、稱呼的名詞作表語、同位語、補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，用零冠詞。）Good morning, Mom! He, Mayer of New York City, visited our school yesterday. 6. turn用作系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“變成”，后面作表語的單數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。He turned writer many years later.(=He became a writer many years later.)7.某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。 by加交通工具某些名詞詞組 day and night, here and there, ho

10、ur after hour, hour by hour等某些介詞詞組 in surprise, on foot, on duty, on holiday, on showgo的短語，表示“去做某事”go to bed, go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing四、某些名詞，當(dāng)用來表示其“主要目的”，也就是用來強(qiáng)調(diào)相關(guān)的某個(gè)行為時(shí)，要用零冠詞，否則意思會(huì)有些改變。另有一些短語，加不加冠詞，意思完全不同。at tableVS at the tableat schoolVSat the schoolin bedVSin the bedin hospitalVSin t

11、he hospitaltake placeVStake the placein place ofVSin the place ofin case ofVSin the case ofout of questionVSout of the question冠詞名詞例句泛指a/an表示一個(gè)可數(shù)單數(shù)A horse is enough to do the job. 表示數(shù)量，= onea/an表示一類可數(shù)單數(shù)A horse is often used here. 個(gè)體泛指the表示一類可數(shù)單數(shù)The horse is very useful here. 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體零冠詞表示一類可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)Horses ar

12、e useful animals. 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體零冠詞表示一類不可數(shù)名詞Water is very important to human. 特指the不可數(shù)名詞The paper made in the factory is good. 可數(shù)單數(shù)The pen he gave me is good. 可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)The book bought yesterday are worth reading. 在“a/an +單數(shù)名詞”、“the +單數(shù)名詞”、“零冠詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”中，所用冠詞都可表類指，但也有細(xì)微區(qū)別：(1)“the+單數(shù)名詞”指的是整個(gè)類別，這個(gè)類別是可以區(qū)別于另一個(gè)類別的。如：

13、The car goes faster than the bike. 汽車比自行車跑得快。The telephone was invited by Alexander Bell.電話是由亞歷山大貝爾發(fā)明的。(2)“a/an+單數(shù)名詞”側(cè)重于指類別中任何一個(gè)的特點(diǎn)。A puma was found in the village. 人們?cè)诖遄永锇l(fā)現(xiàn)了一只美洲獅。(3)“零冠詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”側(cè)重指類別中的許多個(gè)體。如： Farmers are busy in autumn. 農(nóng)民們?cè)谇锾旌苊Α?4)在使用冠詞時(shí)要根據(jù)所要表達(dá)內(nèi)容的具體情況而定。如：tiger is in danger of

14、 becoming extinct. 老虎正面臨著滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。( ) 1._recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S.would be higher than the number of English speaker by_ year 2090.A. A, the B. A, / C. The,/ D. The, a( ) 2.If you go by _train,you can have quite a comfortable journey,but make sure you get _fas

15、t one. A. /, / B./, a C. the, a D./,/ ( ) 3. It is often said that _teachers have _very easy life. A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a( ) 4.I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _city,I only remember it was _ Monday.A. the, the B. a,the C. a, a D. the, a( ) 5.If you grow up in _large family,yo

16、u are more likely to develop _ability to get on well with _others.A. /, an, the B. a, the,/ C. the, an,the D. a, the,the ( ) 6.Mrs. Taylor has _8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for painting she has won two national prizes.A. a, a B. an, the C. an,a D. the, a( )7.After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson

17、 _ride to _Capital Airport.A .the, a B. a, the C. /, a D. /, the ( )8.On May 5,2019,at _World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and WangHao won the gold medal in mens with _score of 4:1.A. a,a B. / the C. a,/ D. the,a ( ) 9.I knew _John Lennon,but not _famous one. A. /,a B. a,the C. /,the D. t

18、he, a ( )10.The book tells _life story of John Smith, who left _school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.A. the, the B. a, the C. the.D. a,/ ( )11.When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _hotel; I can find you _bed in my flat.A. the,a B. the, / C. a,the D. a,/( )12.Tom ow

19、ns _larger collection of _books than any other student in our class.A. the,/ B. a,/ C. a,the D. /, the ( )13._on-going division between English speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _major concern of the country.A. The, / B. The,a C. An,the D. An,/( ) 14.When he left _college,he got a

20、job as _reporter in a newspaper office. A. /, a B. /, the C.a, the D.the, the( )15. The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in _Industrial Revolution. A. /,/ B. the,/ C. the, the D. a,the1A report 可數(shù)名詞， a recent report 一份近來的報(bào)告 ，是泛指；第二個(gè)空填the 表特指示2090年。2B. by train 乘火車，by 在接交通工具類的同時(shí)，一般不接冠詞，如by bike , by ship ; 根據(jù)句意第二個(gè)空應(yīng)該是泛指。3B teachers 此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)表泛指，指一切老