英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用法詳解(共5頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Contents英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用法詳解一、概念分詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)其實(shí)是同一成分用于兩種不同的句式中。具體地說(shuō)，主動(dòng)態(tài)句子中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就是被動(dòng)態(tài)句子中的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。先了解賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則很容易了解主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：在英語(yǔ)中，某些及物動(dòng)詞不僅需要賓語(yǔ)，而且還要求某個(gè)詞或詞組來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)，即表示賓語(yǔ)代表的人或物所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)，這個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。有些語(yǔ)法書(shū)把賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱(chēng)為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。句型：及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(n./pron.)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介詞短語(yǔ)共7種表示法)該句型若變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即將

2、賓語(yǔ)提到句首作主語(yǔ)，原主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)此時(shí)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的作用，所以改稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.此句中smoking是主語(yǔ)he的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。二、何時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞作主語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ))補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分詞作主語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ))補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，若主語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ))與分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)；如果主語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ))與分詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。例如：He was heard singing in the next room.He

3、was singing.主語(yǔ)he與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)“唱歌”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞singing。One of the glasses was found broken.One of the glasses was broken.主語(yǔ)one of the glasses與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)“打破”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞broken。Dont leave the water running while you brush your teeth.The water is running.賓語(yǔ)the water與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)“淌”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞running。三、可以用分詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞要會(huì)使

4、用分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，必須記住哪些動(dòng)詞可以接分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1.感官動(dòng)詞feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at(一感二聽(tīng)五看)及find等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞又可以接過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：If you wave your book in front of your face，you can feel the air moving against your face.The air can be felt moving against your face，if you wave your book in front of your fac

5、e.The next morning she found the man lying in bed，dead.The next morning the man was found lying in bed，dead.2.表示“致使”動(dòng)詞get，have，leave等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞又可以接過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。-Good morning. Can I help you？-Id like to have the package weighed，madam.3.表示“意欲；命令”的動(dòng)詞如like，want，wish，order等常接過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：You must tell us exact

6、ly what you would like done.你必須準(zhǔn)確地告訴我們?cè)撟鍪裁?。The father wants his daughter taught the piano.這位父親想讓女兒學(xué)鋼琴。I wish it done quickly.我希望很快將此事做完。注意：set，start，catch常跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，make常跟過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Set sb.thinking，start sb.coughing，He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenge

7、r.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard.典例精析：1.I smell something_in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute？A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt答案：A。解析：smell something burning“聞著什么東西在燃燒而發(fā)出糊味”強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。burning作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Something burnt“燒焦了的東西”表示一種狀態(tài)。所以選A。2.After

8、 a knock at the door，the child heard his mothers voice_him.A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call答案：A。解析：hear sb.doing sth.意為“聽(tīng)到某人在做某事”。動(dòng)詞+ing表示主動(dòng)，the child heard his mothersvoice calling him表示“孩子聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他母親喊他”。Hear sth.done表示“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某事被做了”。所以選A。3.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have

9、her written English_in a short period.A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve答案：A。解析：have sth.done表示“使某事被做”，have her written English improved“使她的書(shū)面英語(yǔ)得到提高”。動(dòng)詞+ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)。Have sb.doing sth.意為“使某人一直在做某事”表主動(dòng)。Have sb.do sth.意為“使某人做某事”表主動(dòng)，do前必須省略to。所以選A。4.-Did Peter fix the computer himself？-He_，because he doesnt know much about computers.A.has it fixed B.had fixed it C.had i