初中英語(yǔ)介詞練習(xí)題

1、.介詞( 一) 正誤辨析1、誤 We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.正 We got to the top of the mountain at day break.析 at 用于具體時(shí)刻之前，如： sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night 。2、誤 Don't sleep at daytime正 Don't sleep in daytime.析 in 要用于較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，如：in the morning / afternoon, 或 in the week / m

2、onth / year. 或 inspring / supper /autumn / winter 等等。3、誤 We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.正 We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.析 in the morning, in the afternoon如果在這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on,如：on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th4、誤 He became a writter at his twenties正 He

3、became a writter in his twenties析 這句話應(yīng)譯為：他在 20 多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in 來(lái)表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用 at 來(lái)表示。5、誤 He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.正 He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.析 在具體年歲前用 at, 如： at the age of 12， at your age， 等等。6、誤 We went to swim in the river in a very hot d

4、ay.正 We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.析 具體某一天要用介詞 on, 又如： on New Year's Day7、誤 I'm looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.正 I'm looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.析 在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用 on，而全部節(jié)日期間用 at,Christmas 是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。8、誤 I haven't see you during the summer

5、 holidays.正 I haven't seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.析 during 表示在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，所以一般不與完成時(shí)搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during theholiday. 而 for 表示一段時(shí)間，可以用于完成時(shí)，如：I haven't see you for a long time. 而 through 用來(lái)表示時(shí)間時(shí)則為 " 整整，全部的時(shí)間 "。如： It rained through the night. 而 sin

6、ce 則是表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間，一般要與完成時(shí)連用。9、誤 At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.正 On entering the classroom, I heard the good news.析 On 加動(dòng)名詞表示 " 一就 " 。本句的譯文應(yīng)是：我一進(jìn)入教室就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這個(gè)好消息了。又如：onhearing 一聽(tīng)見(jiàn)， on arrival 一到達(dá)就 (on 表示動(dòng)作的名詞 )10、誤 In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting storie

7、s.正 At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.析 at the begining 與 at the end 都是指某事物的開始與結(jié)束部分，均不指時(shí)間范圍， 而 in the beginning則是指開始一段時(shí)間。 in the end at last 是指 "最終，終于 "之意。11、誤 Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.正 By the end of next week. I will have fi

8、nished this work.析 by 引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示了動(dòng)作的截止點(diǎn)，其意思為" 不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作做完" ，所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，如：I'll be there by five o'clock.而 till 則表達(dá)其一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻，但句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而瞬間的截止性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用其否定句式，如：I won't finish this work;.till(until) next weekend.12、誤He came to London before last weekend.正He had come

9、 to London before last weekend.正He came to London two weeks ago.析before 一般要與完成時(shí)連用，而ago 則與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。13、誤I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.正I have studied English for three years since I came here.析since 用來(lái)表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的開始時(shí)間，所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí)，而不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)14、誤I can help you repair this bike.

10、 You will get it after two hours.正I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.析 中文經(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來(lái)取，兩天內(nèi)會(huì)修好，而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用in 而不要用 after 。其原因有二， after 多用于過(guò)去時(shí)， 如：I arrived in New York. After three days, I found a job in the bank. after 加時(shí)間是表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍，如：after three days, 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時(shí)間

11、內(nèi)會(huì)完成某事時(shí)，一定要用介詞in。15、誤 Three days after he died.正 After three days he died.正 Three days later he died.析 after 與 later 都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后，但它們所處的位置不同，after 在時(shí)間詞前，而 later在時(shí)間詞后。16、誤 She hid herself after the tree.正 She hid herself behind the tree.析 after 多用來(lái)表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后，所以有的語(yǔ)法書中稱它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，如：I run after him. After fin

12、ishingmy homework, I went to see a film. 而 behind 則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。17、誤 There is a beautiful bird on the tree.正 There is a beautiful bird in the tree.析 樹上長(zhǎng)出的果實(shí)，樹葉要用on,而其他外來(lái)的人、物體均要用in the tree.18、誤 Shanghai is on the east of China.正 Shanghai is in the east of China.析 在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有 3 個(gè)介詞： in, on, to 。 in 表示在某范圍

13、之內(nèi); on 表示與某地區(qū)接壤；to 則表示不相接。如： Japan is to the east of China.19、誤I arrived at New York on July 2nd.正I arrived in New York on July 2nd.析 at 用來(lái)表達(dá)較小的地方， 而 in 用來(lái)表達(dá)較大的地方。 at 常用于 at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village 。20、誤He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road

14、.正He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.析 在門牌號(hào)碼前要用 at, 并要注意它的慣用法： at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page。21、誤There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.正There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.析在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in，而墻的外角用at，如： There is a tree at the corner of

15、 the street.22、誤This weekend I'll stay in Uncle Wang's.正This weekend I'll stay at Uncle Wang's.析要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法，如：at a tailor's shop ( 裁縫店 ) at a tailor's, at the doctor's ( 去看病 ) at thebookseller's ( 在書店 ) at uncle Wang's (在王叔叔家 )23、誤Do you know there is some good ne

16、ws on today's newspaper?;.正Do you know there is some good news in today's newspaper?析在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in, 而在具體某一版上，或某一頁(yè)上則要用on。24、誤The school will begin on September 1st.正School will begin on September 1st.析這里的school 應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程，即開學(xué)之意。要注意，有些活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞，如：at table (吃飯 )， When I came to T

17、om's home, they were at table.還有：at desk (學(xué)習(xí) )， at work ( 工作 ) at school ( 上學(xué) )， in hospital ( 住醫(yī)院 ) at church 作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如： at the school 即在學(xué)校工作或辦事，in the hospital 即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。25、誤 In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.正 On my way to the station, I bought a newspaper

18、to kill time.析 譯文為：在去車站的路上我買了份報(bào)紙，為的是消磨時(shí)光 " 在的路上 "應(yīng)用 on one's way。而 inthe way 有擋道之意，如： Please move the chair it is in the way 。26、誤 Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into.正 Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke in.正 Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into the of

19、fice.析 in 是表達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，在與break 連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語(yǔ)，而into 則是動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，與 break 連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語(yǔ)。27、誤 I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.正 I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.正 I'll leave for Shanghai.析 leave for 是離開某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for 改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：start for動(dòng)身前往某處， set out for ， sail for 。28、誤 I'm sorry. I h

20、ave to get out the bus at next stop.正 I'm sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.析 get in, 與 getout 是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。get in 為上車，而 get out 為下車，但語(yǔ)法家認(rèn)為這里的in與 out 為副詞， 所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講 We'd better get in. 或 We'd better get out. 還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車： get on off(a train, a ship, a struck) get into out

21、 of (a car, taxi )29、誤 Be carefulThe temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero.正 Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.析 over 與 above 在作為比某物高的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí)，即正上方時(shí)則要用 above.而泛指上方時(shí)用 over.30、誤 There is an old stone bridge above the river.正 There is an o

22、ld stone bridge over the river.析 over 還有一意為 " 跨越，橫跨 "。31、誤 The Dead Sea is under the sea level.正 The Dead Sea is below the sea level.析 在垂直下方要用below.也就是講 above 與 below 互為反意詞， over 與 under 也是反意詞。32、誤 There is a big tree in the front of the house.正 There is a big tree in front of the house.析

23、in front of 是在物體外部的前面， 而 in the front of是在物體內(nèi)部的前面， 如：The driver sits in the frontof the bus.33、誤 It took them two days to walk across the forest.正 It took them two days to walk through the forest.析 across 作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思：橫過(guò)，如： I want to walk across the street. 對(duì)面，如： Thereis a post office across the stre

24、et, 而 through 多用于三維空間中的穿越。across 則多用于平面上的橫過(guò)。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.;.34、誤The sun sets toward the west.正The sun sets in the west.析towards 也可用作toward ，它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，但不一定到達(dá)，如：He ran toward(s) themountain. 而在表示方位east, west, north, south 時(shí)，其前面要用in。要注意的是這4 個(gè)詞可以用作副詞，如：I wen

25、t south.也可用作名詞，如：I went to the south. 也可用作形容詞，如：I went to the south part of China.35、誤Do you have no other clothes except those?正Do you have no other clothes besides those?析beside 是" 在旁邊 " ，如： The students stood beside their teachers. 而 besides是 "除之外，不僅而且，除了以外還有" ， 如： I studied E

26、nglish besides French, when I was in college.而except 則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday.而 except for是指去掉不同種類的事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs.而 except that 則要加從句。36、誤Can I write the exam paper with ink?正Can I write the exam paper with a pen?正Can I write the exam paper

27、in ink?析with 后要加拿得起來(lái)放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in。37、誤I'm earlier today. I came here by his car.正I'm earlier today. I came here in his car.析 在交通工具前加介詞by，但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。by taxi=in a taxiby train=in a trainby bicycle=on a bicycleby ship=on a shipby boat=in a boatby bus=on a busby plane=on a

28、 planeby air 空運(yùn)by land 陸運(yùn)by sea 海運(yùn)on foot on horsebackby phone by letter by radioby air mail by hand38、誤A lot of French wines are made of grape.正A lot of French wines are made from grape.析made of 是指由原材料到成品過(guò)程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from, 如：The desk was made of hard wood.39、誤This is a good dictionary

29、in English grammar.正This is a good dictionary on English grammar.析關(guān)于某方面的書籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞，其中on 表示某專業(yè)用書，about 則為某方面的普通讀物，如： This is a book about physics. 即物理科普知識(shí)。40、誤Do you have the key of the door.正Do you have the key to the door.析 key to the door 門的鑰匙。相同用法還有 answer to the question, entrance to the highwa

30、y, danger to health. 千萬(wàn)不要用 of。41、誤Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.正Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps.析have interest in 是在某方面有興趣。42、誤I didn't do my homework, so the teacher was angry to me.;.正I didn't do my homework, so the teach

31、er was angry with me.析be angry with 其后接人，而be angry at 其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said.43、誤He was good for skating.正He was good at skating.析be good at 為 "擅長(zhǎng)某事 " ，而 be good for somebody 為對(duì)某人很好。44、誤It was good to you to help my little boy.正It was good of you to help my little boy.析這句話應(yīng)譯為

32、：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是對(duì)某人態(tài)度好。如：Hermother is good to everyone.45、誤My parents were very pleased at me.正My parents were very pleased with me.正My parents were very pleased at my studying.析be pleased with 后加 somebody, 而 be pleased at 后加 something。46、誤He is agree with me.正He agrees with me.

33、47、誤He againsts me.正He is against me.析同意 agree 為動(dòng)詞，而反對(duì)against 則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。48、誤 I haven't heard letters from him.正 I haven't heard from him.析hear from 即為：從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter 了。49、誤 Teacher. May I call at you this weekend?正 Teacher. May I call on you this weekend?析作為 "拜訪 "講 call a

34、t 其后接地點(diǎn)，如：May I call at your home this weekend? 而 call on 其后接人。50、誤 Do you know the girl on white?正 Do you know the girl in white?析in white 為穿一身白。與 in 有關(guān)的詞組有： in bed(睡覺(jué) )， in hospital( 住院 )， in a hurry( 匆匆忙忙 )，in danger( 危險(xiǎn)中 ),in joy ( 高興 )，in good health( 身體好 )，in love( 戀愛(ài) )，in trouble( 困境 ) ，與之相反的

35、是 out of , 如： out of trouble ( 擺脫困境 )， out of date(過(guò)時(shí)了 )， out of order( 出故障 )51、誤He looked at me at surprise.正He looked at me in surprise.析surprise 的用法一般有三種。用于句首，To one's surprise, 如： To my surprise he succeeded. besurprised at, 如： I was surprised at the news. 用于句尾in surprise.52、誤She didn't

36、come to school because of she was ill.正She didn't come to school because she was ill.析because of 后接名詞，如：The game was put off because of the rain.( 三) 例題解析1- Thank you the beautiful flowers!- Not at all.Ain Bon Cat Dfor答案D. 析由于某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用 for 。2Can you answer this question English?Aby Bin Cwith Dfr

37、om答案B. 析 in 表示用語(yǔ)言、聲音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.3Look the map China the wall, please.Aafter, of, in Bat, of, inCafter, in, on Dat, of, on;.答案D. 析look at 為 " 看 "，而 on the wall 為 " 在墻表面掛著 " ，而 in the wall則是 " 在墻內(nèi) " ，如：There is hole in the wall. 墻上有個(gè)洞。4-

38、 When did Mr Green arrive in London?- He arrived therethe evening of December 6th.Aat Bin Con Dto答案C. 析in the evening / afternoon 這兩個(gè)詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞換為 on,如： on a cold morning, on a spring morning 等。5We won the relay race. And there was a big smile our teacher's face.Aoff Bnear Con Dbetwee

39、n答案C.6The twins got on well their classmates.Ato Bin Cwith Dabout答案C. 析 get on well with 與人相處很好。7- Please remember to come to my birthday party.- I see. I'll come Saturday evening.Ain Bat Con Dfor答案C.8Let's hurry ， or we'll be late schoolAto Bat Cwith Dfor答案D. 析 be late for，而 come late t

40、o， 如： Don't come late to school9They will have a maths test two daysAfor Bat Cin Dafter答案C.析 三天之內(nèi)應(yīng)用in，而不要受中文影響用after ， after three days 是個(gè)不定的時(shí)間范圍，即沒(méi)有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。5 天、6天、 10天全是 after three days。10My brother joined the armyA1989， March Bin March ， 1989CMarch ， 1989 D1989 ， in March答案B. 析 在月份、年、前用介詞 in

41、，而日子前用 on。11He couldn't work out the maths problem your helpAwithout Bunder Cfor Dwith答案 A.析 在某人幫助下應(yīng)用 with ， 如：With the help of the teacher I passed the exam easily而要是沒(méi)有你的幫助則用without your help12Granny took one look at us her glassesAby Bthrough Con Din答案B. 析 through 為穿過(guò)。13We had our breakfast a

42、quarter sevenA/， to Bin ， to Cat， to Don， to答案C.析 具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前用 at，而差幾分幾點(diǎn)用to，這里應(yīng)譯為：我在差一刻七點(diǎn)吃的早飯。14I learn French the radio every dayAon Bin Cfrom Dat答案A. 析 從收音機(jī)中聽(tīng)到某事應(yīng)用詞組on the radio 。15It's good manners to wait lineAin Bon Cat Dwith答案A. 析 in line為排隊(duì)。16How many English words had you learnt last term?Aby

43、 the end of Bat the end ofCto the end of Dtill the end of;.答案A. 析 by the end of為動(dòng)作的截止時(shí)間，與完成時(shí)態(tài)相配合17The manager was very satisfied his workAin Bon Cabout Dwith答案D. 析 be satisfied with為固定搭配。18John hit Jack faceAon the Bin the Con his Din his答案 B.析 英文中的某些動(dòng)詞其后要接人，然后加介詞 the身體部位， 如： He caught the boy bythe

44、 arm。19I was born the night September 15， 1978Ain ， on Bat， on Cat， in Don， of答案D. 析 在時(shí)間前加介詞時(shí)應(yīng)以最小的時(shí)間單位為準(zhǔn)。20It's a bad manner to laugh people when they are troubleAover， in Bat， in Cin， at Dat， for答案B. 析 laugh at 嘲笑某人，laugh over笑著談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈?，in trouble 陷入困境。21I can't do this work well Tom's h

45、elpAunder Bfor Cwithout Dfrom答案C.22Don't shout the old woman 。You should be more polite herAto， at Bat， to Cin， for Dfrom ， for答案B. 析 shout at為 "沖某人喊叫 " ，而 be polite to somebody 為 " 對(duì)某人和氣。 "23We must be strict our selves everythingAwith ， in Bin， with Cwith ， to Dto， of答案A. 析

46、 be strict with對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求。24He went to the football match lunch last SundayAto Bwithout Cbehind Dbetween答案B. 析 without lunch未吃午飯。25The people's Republic of China was founded 1949Awith Bon Csince Din答案D. 析 在年代前用 in 。因句子是過(guò)去時(shí)而不是完成時(shí)，所以不能用since。26Mr Black got to Hangzhou a few daysAin Bafter Con Dat答案B.

47、 析幾天之后Black到達(dá)了杭州。而不是在幾天之內(nèi)一定要做完某事，所以選B 。27- Has the teacher given you any advice your English study?- Yes， he hasAfrom Bwith Con Din答案C.析 給予某一方面問(wèn)題的忠告其介詞用on。28You may depend himHe is honest manAon， a Bin， an Con， an Dat， the答案C.析 depend on 為 " 依靠某人或某事 " ，而 honest 的首字母 h不發(fā)音。29 my joy ， I can

48、answer this questionAWith BTo CBy DFor答案B. 析 To one's joy意為 " 使我高興的是。 "30The teacher asked the students to look the word in the dictionaryAfor Bat Cup Dafter答案C.析 look for尋找， look at看， look after 照顧， look up 查字典。31A little monkey is playing a tree and there are a lot of bananas it;.Aon， on Bin， on Con， in Din， in答案