中考動詞最全講解

1、中考動詞輔導(dǎo)策略與習(xí)題專練在英語中動詞的使用形式變化多樣，這與漢語截然不同，故其用法成為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中的一大難點。英語中動詞分四類，即：實義動詞、連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞。如何進行中考輔導(dǎo)？一、實義動詞一理解基本用法，運用基本原理指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)實踐，做到有理可依、有據(jù)可循，實義動詞在句中運用時，分謂語形式和非謂語形式。 1謂語形式：當(dāng)某個實義動詞或詞組充當(dāng)句子的謂語時，它的形式隨語態(tài)、時態(tài)以及主語人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化。細(xì)而言之：時態(tài) 語態(tài) 主 動 語 態(tài)被 動 語 態(tài)備注一般現(xiàn)在時原 形 或 三單is/am/are過去分詞劃線：助動詞一般過去時過去式was/were 過去分詞同上現(xiàn)在進行時is/am/

2、are 現(xiàn)在分詞is/am/arebeing過去分詞同上過去進行時was/were 現(xiàn)在分詞was/were being過去分詞同上一般將來時will/ shall動原will/shallbe 過去分詞同上be going to動原be going tobe 過去分詞Be：is/am/are過去將來時would/shoud動原would/shoudbe過去分詞劃線：助動詞be going to動原be going tobe過去分詞Be：was/were現(xiàn)在完成時have/has過去分詞have/has been過去分詞劃線：助動詞過去完成時had 過去分詞had been 過去分詞同上含情態(tài)動

3、詞情態(tài)動詞動原情態(tài)動詞be 過去分詞2非謂語形式：不定式 意義：動詞的非謂語形式，常發(fā)生在謂語或前位非謂語的即時時間之后，作主語、賓語動詞賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語常表示功能、狀語。構(gòu)成：不定式= to動詞原形否定結(jié)構(gòu)= not to do sth復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)= for sb.not to do sth與疑問詞連用：如what to do在下列動詞后的不定式省略“to”：三看look see watch兩聽listen hear一感覺feel，注意notice使make讓let have幫help可不省。形式主語：當(dāng)不定式、否定結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、與疑問詞連用等形式作句子主語時，用it來代替它，而將

4、真正的主語置于謂語之后，“it”叫形式主語。 動名詞意義：動詞的非謂語形式，常常發(fā)生或預(yù)定在謂語或前位非謂語的即時時間之前，表示事實、愛好、功能、習(xí)慣等，起名詞作用。作主語、賓語包括介詞賓語和動詞賓語、表語、定語常表示功能等。 構(gòu)成：動名詞=V+ing . 否定結(jié)構(gòu)= not doing sth . 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)=one notdoing sth現(xiàn)在分詞意義：動詞的非謂語形式，常指相對謂語或前位非謂語的即時時間正在發(fā)生的動作，表示主動。用法：常作定語單個詞前置，短語后置、賓語補足語和狀語如時間狀語、方式狀語、伴隨狀語等。過去分詞意義：動詞的非謂語形式，常指相對謂語或前位非謂語的即時時間已發(fā)生的動作

5、。表示被動。 用法：常作定語單個詞前置，短語后置、賓語補足語和狀語如時間狀語、方式狀語、伴隨狀語等。3舉例說明： .I want to give up studying at school to look after my sick mother at home.點撥：作謂語主動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時。非謂語發(fā)生在謂語之后不定式。非謂語發(fā)生在前位非謂語之前動名詞。非謂語發(fā)生在前位非謂語之后不定式。 The teacher told us not to forget to turn off the lights when we left the room 點撥：作謂語主動語態(tài)一般過去時。非謂語發(fā)生在謂語

6、之后不定式。非謂語發(fā)生在前位非謂語之后不定式。作謂語主動語態(tài)一般過去時。 3Look, There is a boy taking down a picture put upon the wall. 點撥：作謂語一般現(xiàn)在時。非謂語相對謂語即時時間正在發(fā)生,主動現(xiàn)在分詞.非謂語發(fā)生在前位非謂語之前表示被動過去分詞.二既要求同亦要尋異 凡事都具有共性，又具有個性。不能千篇一律地用某個規(guī)則或原理去解決所有問題。因此，在把握實義動詞基本用法的大前提下，教師還要引導(dǎo)、啟發(fā)、教育學(xué)生善于觀察、比較、體味個別動詞的特殊用法，做到共性與個性的統(tǒng)一。關(guān)于動名詞的使用應(yīng)注意： 1介詞動名詞 如：You can w

7、atch TV after fishing your homework. 2動詞詞組動名詞 這樣的動詞有： give in doing 屈服做某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事 stop sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事 practice doing 練習(xí)做某事 enjoy doing 喜歡做某事 finish doing 做完某事 complete doing 做完某事 end up doing 做完某事 mind doing 介意做某事 spendindoing 花費時間做某事cant stand doing 容忍做某事 keep on doing 一直做某事be wo

8、rth doing 值得做某事 appreciate doing 感激做某事avoid doing 避免做某事 be used to doing 習(xí)慣做某事pay attention to doing 注意做某事 get used to doing 習(xí)慣做某事excuse doing 推辭做某事 give up doing 放棄做某事carry on doing 堅持做某事 do some reading 讀書 make a countribution to doing do /washing/swimming洗衣/游泳為做某事做貢獻 look forward to doing盼望做某事pre

9、fer doing to doing與做某事比， take a swimming course 上游泳課更喜歡做某事 insist on doing 堅持做某事stick doing 堅持做某事 take the leading position 站主導(dǎo)地位consider doing 考慮做某事 imagine doing 想像做某事miss doing 錯過做某事 put off doing 推遲做某事risk doing 冒險做某事 suggest doing 做某事建議3.下列動詞既可接不定式又可接動名詞，但意義不同： .like/love/hate doing：表示習(xí)慣 例：I li

10、ke getting up early every morning. to do：表示具體活動 例：Can you come out to play with me ? Stop doing：停止做某事某事不做了例：Please stop working if you are tired. to do：停下來去做某事某事要做例：I am tired to have a rest. go on doing：繼續(xù)做同一件事 例：Go on studying hard if you want to get better grades. to do：繼續(xù)做另一件事 例：After leaving sc

11、hool,he go on to go to college. .remember doing：記得做過的事 例：I remember seeing you somewhere. to do：記得要做的事 例：Rrmember to turn off the light when leaving the room. .forget doing：忘記做過的事 例：I forget seeing you somewhere to do：忘記要做的事 例：Dont forget to turn off the light when leaving the room .need/want/requir

12、e doing：表示被動 例The blackboard needs cleaningThe blackboard needs to be cleaned. to do：表示主動 例：She needs to have a rest. .try doing：試著做某事 例：Let me try driving for you. to do：盡力做某事 例：We must try to finish it on time. .continue doing：繼續(xù)做同一件事 例：Continue studying hard if you want to get better grades. to d

13、o：繼續(xù)做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he .continue to go to college. .cant help doing：情不自禁做某事 例：when he heard the news,he cant help jumping. to do：不能幫助做某事 例：Sorry, I cant help to do it for you. .mean .doing：意思做某事 例：What I said means not telling him the news now. . to do：打算做某事 例：I mean to start off tomorr

14、ow.agree. on doing：對做某事表示同意 例：We agree on holding a sports meeting soon. . to do：同意要做某事 例：I agree to go to the park on Sunday. .decide . on doing：對做某事做出決定 例：We have decided on stopping him from woking on. to do：決定要做某事 例：I decide to go abroad for study.encourage. doing：鼓勵做某事例：The government encourage

15、s planting trees to protect the environment. sb. to do：鼓勵某人做某事 例：The teacher often encourages us to study hard. .allow. doing：允許做某事例：We dont allow smoking here. sb. to do：允許某人做某事做 例：We dont allow you to smoke here .advise. doing：建議做某事 例：We advise going skating tomorrow. sb. to do：建議某人做某事 例：We advise

16、 you to go skating tomorrow.permit. doing：允許做某事 例：The boss did not permit working for shorter. sb. to do：允許某人做某事 例：The boss did not permitme to work for shorter. .begin/start 開始做某事 .doing：“doing” 為動態(tài)動詞或begin/start為其它時態(tài) 例：Lets begin running. . to do：“do” 為靜態(tài)動詞或begin/start已為進行時 例：I began to believe wh

17、at he had said. 例：It is beginning to rain.plan. on doing對做某事做出計劃 例：We have decided on building a school next year. to do計劃做某事 例：We have decided to build a school next year.三. 再現(xiàn)要點，篩取重點，各個擊破，做到目標(biāo)明確，有的放矢。即：將初中三年以來所學(xué)過有關(guān)實義動詞的要點歸納總結(jié)，以書面或幻燈形式出示給學(xué)生，自己提取難點，教師指導(dǎo)，逐一突破。 Aaim at 針對agree with sb. 同意某人的意見或建議ask f

18、or請求、索要 addto把和加起來 ask for a ride 搭車ask for a day off請一天假 achieve a victory取得勝利acount for公布、宣布arrive in到達大地方 arrive at到達小地方 argue with 與爭吵apologize to 向道歉 Bbe supposed to do sth.應(yīng)該做某事 break up with sb.與某人斷絕關(guān)系 be used for doing被用來做某事 be used to do被用來做某事 break out 爆發(fā)believe in信任 begin/start with以開始 be

19、long to屬于 built into把建成 base on以為基礎(chǔ) break off解散解雇 break down 破壞borrow from 向借bring sb.sth. 把某物給某人帶來bring sth. to sb. 把某物給某人帶來beg your parden 再重復(fù)一遍break the rule違規(guī) help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事break into破門而入 buy sb. sth.給某人買某物 buy sth. for sb. 給某人買某物 Ccome into being形成、出現(xiàn) come true變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實come for a visit來參

20、觀come on 過來、跟著來come down with抵御、抑制come back回來come out of 從里出來come to do sth.逐漸做某事come back from work下班回來come about 發(fā)生come from來自 come here 來這里come home來到家 come to到來 come along出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生 come over過來 come into進入里 come in 進來come out出來come out of從里出來come up to 向走來come to the party 來參加聚會catch up with 趕上catch

21、a fire著火catch hold of抓住catch a bus趕公共汽車 cut up 切碎cut in half切成半cut off切斷電源、水源cut in line插隊 care for關(guān)心、關(guān)愛care about在意call for號召call on拜訪 call out呼喊 call up給打電話call sb. at some number給某人大某個號碼 calm down 鎮(zhèn)靜下來 communicate with 與交流complain about 抱怨can t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事clean up 清理、打掃干凈carry out 執(zhí)行cl

22、ick on 點擊connect to 把和連起來chat on line網(wǎng)上聊天check over檢查 Ddrop by 順便拜訪drop out of school輟學(xué)drop litter丟垃圾do an experiment 做實驗do an operation on sb. 給某人做手術(shù)do sth. in person親自做某事 do business做生意 do exercise 做操do with處理 do wrong 做錯事do ones homework做作業(yè) do some sports做運動 do well in對學(xué)得好 do onelesson 做功課do the

23、dishes 洗餐具 do ones best to do sth.盡力做某事 do onesresolution 做決定要做的事do harm to對有危害 do some cleaning 掃除do some reading讀書 do some shopping購物do some cooking做飯 do the laundry洗衣服do some chores做雜務(wù) deal with 處理disagree with sb.不同意某人意見describe as 把描繪為die of 死于直接內(nèi)因，如疾病、饑渴die from死于間接外因，如車禍、天災(zāi)die out 滅絕drive sb.

24、 crazy使某人發(fā)瘋drive to開車去 divide into把分成depend on依賴decide ondoingsth. dry out干涸 dry up 烘干dream of 夢想draw up起草、擬定 dress sb. 給某人穿衣dress in穿著dress up打扮beat sb.贏了某人 E e-mail sb.給某人發(fā)電子郵件 educate sb. to do sth.教育某人做某事enjoy oneself 玩得愉快enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事end up doing sth.結(jié)束做某事 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解釋某事en

25、courage doing sth. 鼓勵做某事encourage sb. to sth.鼓勵某人做某事 express sb. sth.= express sth. to sb.向某人表達某事 eat up吃光 Ffall over摔倒、倒塌 fall ill病倒 fall asleep入睡 fall in love with愛上、迷戀 fight against與作斗爭 follow the rules 遵守規(guī)則fail the exam考試不及格 find out查明原因、真相 feel like doing 想做某事fly a kite 放風(fēng)箏fly to乘飛機去 fit into 適

26、應(yīng) fill in =fill out 填充填寫 fillwith用填feel sorry for因而難過 forget to do sth. 忘記要做的事forget doing sth. 忘記做過的事finish doing sth.做完某事fold the clothes疊衣服 Gget here/there到這里那里 get home到家 get on 上車、船、飛機等get off下車、船、飛機等 get up起來、起床 get down 取下get to sleep 入睡get sb.sth.=get sth. for sb.給某人取某物 get good grades 取得好成績

27、get out oneway to do sth. 特地做某事get rid of 除掉get to到達 get out of 從里出來get into 進入get in the way of妨礙 get together 集會 get into trouble陷入困境 get out of trouble 脫離困境get used todoingsth.習(xí)慣做某事 get to do sth.著手做某事 get ready for為做準(zhǔn)備 get sb. into trouble使某人陷入困境 get away from遠離get a sore back 背痛get back to sb.

28、過會兒與某人通話打電話用語get on/along well with 與相處融洽 get to know認(rèn)識 get married結(jié)婚 get in touch with 與取得聯(lián)系go to 去go home 回家go there去那里 go back回去 go out 出去go out for出去做 go down/along 沿著走go to school上學(xué) go to college 上大學(xué)go to the doctor去醫(yī)務(wù)室go to the cinema 去看電影go across穿過平面 go to work上班 go bad變壞 go by流逝時間 go to the

29、 lessons去上課 go to the party去聚會 go oneown way走自己的路 go for a walk 去散步go sightseeing去觀光 go the same way同路 go away 走開go to sleep 入睡go to bed 上床睡覺go on to do sth.繼續(xù)做另一件事 go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事go on with繼續(xù)go shopping 去購物go hiking 去遠足 go abroad 出國go over復(fù)習(xí) go downstairs/upstairs下樓/上樓 go on a trip去從事旅游 go

30、 in for sports進行體育運動 give sb.sth.=give sth. to sb.把某物給某人 give indoingsth.屈服做某事 give updoingsth.放棄做某事 give away 贈送give out 頒發(fā)give back 歸還 give off 發(fā)出氣味等give sb. some advice給某人提建議 give a talk作報告give lessons to sb. 給某人上課give sb. a good beating 好好教訓(xùn)某人一下give back 歸還give sb. a hand 幫某人個忙 grow up 長大 Hhave

31、a good time 玩得愉快have a discussion 進行討論have a party 舉行聚會have a meeting 開會have nothing to do with與無關(guān) have trouble with sth. 做某事有困難have trouble doing sth. 費力做某事have sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事have sb./sth. doing .讓某人/某物一直做have sb.done 請某人做某事 have fun玩得愉快 have a fever 發(fā)燒have a cold 感冒have a cough 咳嗽have a stamac

32、hache胃痛 have a toothache牙痛 have fun doing sth.愉快地做某事 have noodles for lunch 午飯吃面條have a match 舉行比賽have a fight with與比賽、斗爭 have no idea of不知道 have a hard time doing sth. 艱難地做某事 have sth. to do with 與有關(guān) have an accident 發(fā)生事故have supper 吃晚飯have class上課 have water喝水 have a conversation with 與會話have a lo

33、ok at 看一下 have a talk with與談話 have a problem with做某事有疑難have difficulty doing . 費力做某事have a good trip路途愉快 have a try 試一下have a laugh at 嘲笑. have a pity on sb.同情某人 have a rest 休息一下 hear of 聽說hear from 收到的來信hands up舉手 hand in上交 hand out分發(fā) hand to 把遞給hold up 抓住、握住hold a meeting 舉行會議 hold a game 舉行比賽hold

34、 an exhibition舉行展覽 happen to do sth.恰巧做某事 hurry up 趕快 hurry off 匆忙離開 help oneself to sth. 隨便用help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事 IIts ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀請某人做某事 insist on doing sth.堅持做某事 JJoin in 穿著join together團結(jié)起來join the army 參軍join the party入黨 KKeep out不讓進入keep down 壓低音量等keep

35、 a pet 飼養(yǎng)寵物keep in good mood 保持好心情keep on doing一直做某事 keep healthy保持健康 keep in good health保持健康 keep up with跟上 keep sb. doing使某人一直做某事 keep off 防御 keep in touch with與保持聯(lián)系 knock at=knock on敲 LLearn by oneself 自學(xué) learnfrom 向?qū)W習(xí) learn by heart 記住leave for離開去某處leave sth. somewhere 把某物忘在某處leave school畢業(yè) leav

36、e one by oneself 把某人單獨留下 leave a message for sb.給某人留個口信 lend sb. sth. =lend sth. to sb.把某物借給某人 lead to導(dǎo)致 live on以為生 live a happy life 過著幸福的生活look after照看 look for 尋找look down on 藐視look up查找字詞等 look over檢查身體等 look forward to盼望look on as 把看作look at看 look like 看起來像 look around環(huán)顧 look out當(dāng)心 look out of

37、向外面看look through 瀏覽look the same 看起來一樣look inside向里面看 likebetter較喜歡 likebest 最喜歡 like to do sth.喜歡做某事具體活動 like doing sth. 喜歡做某事習(xí)慣laugh at嘲笑喜歡做某事具體活動lose touch with與失去聯(lián)系let sb. in 讓某人進去lie dowm躺下 MMake sb. feel at home使某人感到賓至如歸 make ones mind to do sth. 決心做某事make a face 做鬼臉make money掙錢 make fools of

38、sb.愚弄某人 make a journey旅行 make progress 取得進步make a countribution to為做貢獻 make a noise 吵鬧 make a mistake 犯錯誤make of由制作看出原材料make from 由制作看不出原材料 make up of 由組成make a plan 定計劃make ones bed 整理床鋪make a report 編寫報告 make sure of確信make use of 利用make a sentence with用造句 make a decision做出決定 make success 取得成功make

39、oneself understood 表達自己的意思make a teleohone to sb.給打電話 make a survey of 調(diào)查make preparation for 為做準(zhǔn)備make friends with與交朋友make a living謀生 make a comment about評論 major in專修 match with 把和搭配起來move to搬到 mention sb. sth.=mention sth.to sb. 向某人提到某事mistakefor把錯認(rèn)為meet with 遇到困難、麻煩等mix up混合 NName sb./sth.X把某人/某

40、物叫做X OOffer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.把某物提供給某人 order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事open up完全打開 Pplay football 踢足球play chess 下棋play cards打牌play bridge打橋牌 play the guitar 彈吉他play the violin彈小提琴 play sports 做運動play games 玩游戲play with 玩耍play jokes on sb.對某人開玩笑play the CD.播放CD. play the music 播放音樂 play a part in在

41、中扮演角色 play a role of 扮演的角色play against與比賽play hide-and-seek捉迷藏 pay for付款 pay attention to 注意passonsb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. 把某物遞給pass the exam 通過考試pass by路過 put on穿上、上映 put away把收拾起來 putinto 把放入里put up舉起、張貼 put out熄滅put off 推遲prevent sb.fromdoing sth.阻止某人做某事 prefer to do rather than do與做另一件事相比更喜歡做某事

42、 preferdoingsth. to doingsth. 與相比更喜歡poin to 指向poin at 指著poin out指出 provode sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.為某人提供某物 practice doing sth.練習(xí)做某事 place an order for定購pick up撿起、拾起 Rrun away 逃跑run after 追趕run out of 用光、從里跑出來run over to跑過去到 run on靠運行 read sth. to sb.把某物讀給某人聽 read sth. for sb.替某人讀某物 receive

43、 a letter from 收到來信rain heavily 下大雨ride a bike騎自行車 rise up升起 raise money 籌集資金refer to涉及、提到 regard as把看作reach out 伸出手等 Ssend sb. sth.=send sth. to sb. 把某物送給某人send up發(fā)射 send an e-mail 發(fā)送電子郵件send for派人請send for派請 send into 送入里send away驅(qū)逐 send off解雇 shake hands with與握手 stickinto把插入里 stick doing sth.堅持做某

44、事 stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停止做某事stare at 盯著 sell out買光 sell sb. sth.=sell sth. to sb.把某物買給某人 sell sth. for money賣某物賺錢 see a doctor 看醫(yī)生see sb. off為某人送行 see a film 看電影say goodbye to sb.向某人告別say hello to sb.向某人問好set up 豎立、建造set up ones mind on sth.全神貫注于 sp

45、eak of 講到speak highly of 稱頌speak English 講英語 searchfor搜索來尋找start to do sth.著手做某事start with 以開始 spendtime/moneyon sth.= spendtime/moneyindoing sth.花費時間/金錢做某事 spend time with sb. 和某人呆在一起sortinto把劃分成 show sb.sth.=show sth. to sb.把某物給某人看 show sb. around somewhere領(lǐng)某人參觀某處show up 露面 stay in bed 呆在床上slow do

46、wn減速 smile at對微笑 suit sb.適合某人 sharewith 與分享stay up 熬夜stand for代表 stand up起立 succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事 shut up關(guān)閉 surprise sb. 使某人驚奇shout to 向喊shout at對喊 seem like 好像sweep the floor拖地step on 踐踏 suggest doing sth.建議做某事 supply sb. With sth.=supply sth. for sb.為某人供應(yīng)某物 TTake a message for sb.給某人捎個信 take

47、 a bus乘工交車 take ones order按某人的順序 take a walk 散步take to把帶到去 take a shower淋浴 take the first turning on theleft=turn left at the first crossing 在第一個十字路路口向左轉(zhuǎn)take away 帶走take an interest in 對感興趣take the medicine 服藥take exercise鍛煉 take a long vacation 度長假take it easy不要緊 take ones temperature量某人的體溫 take of

48、f 起飛/脫下衣服、鞋帽等take a lesson/class 上課take a day off 休一天假take an exam 參加考試 take the lead to do sth. 帶頭做某事takeout of 把從中取處來take a rest休息一下 take ones turn to do sth.按某人順序做某事 take part in 參加活動take a drink 喝酒takeas an example拿當(dāng)作例子 take over接管 take care of照顧、照看 take in吸取吸收 take up 占據(jù)空間、時間take the pride in 以

49、而驕傲強調(diào)動作take place 發(fā)生不及物take the leading position占主導(dǎo)地位 take a swimming course上游泳課 take a jump跳高 take a deep breath深呼吸 take the place of 代替take a photo of 照的相talk about談?wù)搕alk with 與談話talk to對談話 turn leftright向左右轉(zhuǎn)turn up 調(diào)高音量等turn down調(diào)低音量等turn on打開電器、煤氣、水龍頭 turn off 關(guān)閉電器、煤氣、水龍頭turninto把變成 turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向 t

50、urn green 變綠think about考慮、思考 think of想起、想到 think over仔細(xì)考慮 tell sb. about sth. 把某物的情況告訴某人tell sb. sth.=tellsth. to sb.把某事告訴某人 tell a joke 講笑話tell a story 講故事try on 試穿try to do sth.盡力做某事try doing sth. 試著做某事try ones best to do sth. .盡力做某事thanks for感謝travel to 到旅行tieto把綁到上treat as把當(dāng)作來對待trouble sb. to do sth. 麻煩某人做某事throw away 扔