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1、冠詞重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納及講解(一)概說1冠詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分,只能附著在一個(gè)名詞上,幫助說明其詞義。英語中有兩個(gè)冠詞:1)定冠詞 the2)不定冠詞 a/an定冠詞 the 通常讀作 ,在元音前讀作 i ,特別強(qiáng)調(diào)或單念時(shí)讀作i: 。不定冠詞在元音音素開始的單詞前用 an 這個(gè)形式,讀作 n ;在其他情況下則使用 a,讀作 。2冠詞的基本意義不定冠詞 a/an 與數(shù)詞 one 同源,表示 “一個(gè) ”的意思,用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。例如:She is a nurse. 她是個(gè)護(hù)士。He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife.他是一位英國(guó)人,有一個(gè)愛爾蘭妻
2、子。定冠詞 the,與 this 同源,有 “這(那)個(gè) ”的意思,但比較弱,表示一(幾)個(gè)特定的人或東西,有時(shí)可譯作 “這個(gè)(些) ”或“那個(gè)(些) ”。例如:That s the book you want這.就是你要的那本書。Who s the young man over there?那邊那個(gè)年輕人是誰?但在很多情況下, “這”或“那 ”這類詞在譯文中并不出現(xiàn)。例如:Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。Shut the door, please. 請(qǐng)把門關(guān)上。3特指和泛指一般來說,名詞有特指和泛指兩種情況,請(qǐng)比較下面的句子:A gentleman is asking
3、 to see you. 有位先生要求見你。(泛指)Ask the gentleman to come in. 請(qǐng)那位先生進(jìn)來。(特指)在特指時(shí)一般前面要加定冠詞,而泛指時(shí)則有三種情況:1)在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前加不定冠詞。例如:She sent me a postcard她寄給我一張明信片。2)在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前可不加冠詞,可使用some, any這類詞。例如:These are new words. 這些是生詞。She sent me some flowers.她送給我一些花。3)在不可數(shù)名詞前多不加什么,有時(shí)也可加some, any等。例如:It s lovely weather天.氣真好。Do
4、 you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶里要放點(diǎn)糖嗎?Give us some help. 給我們一些幫助。(二)不定冠詞的基本用法1泛指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè),代表某一類別(不一定譯為“一 ”)例如:His father is a doctor. 他父親是醫(yī)生。2代表某一類人或事物,相當(dāng)于any(+名詞)(不必譯為 “一”,但必須用 a,表示類別)例如:A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。3指某人或某物(不是指某一類),但不具體說明何人或何物(一般譯為“一”)例如:This book was written by a work
5、er. 這本書是一位工人寫的。4表示數(shù)量,有 “一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒有one 強(qiáng)烈(一般譯為 “一”)例如:Wait a moment. 等一下。5表示單位,相當(dāng)于 “每”的意思例如:We have three meals a day.我們每日吃三餐。6用于某此固定詞組中例如:a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of 等。(三)定冠詞的基本用法1特指某(些)人或某(些)事物例如:Give me the book. 把那本書給我。2指談話雙方都知道的人或事物例如:Where is the doctor? 醫(yī)生在哪兒?3再次提到上文提到過的人或事物例如:I b
6、ought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home.昨天我買了一本詞典。詞典在家里。4用在大家所熟悉的、世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物例如:The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.地球比月亮大,但比太陽小。5用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前例如:Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一節(jié)課。Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth.在所有的恒星中,太陽離地球最近。6用在單
7、數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,表示某一類人或事物例如: The horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。7與下列專有名詞連用1)在江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈的名稱前例如:the Changjiang River, the Great Lake2)在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,表示夫婦二人或全家人例如:The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table格.林一家人正圍坐在早餐桌旁。8和某些形容詞連用,表示一類人例如:the old 老人 the young 年輕人the rich 富人 the poor 窮人the sick 病人 the dead 死人
8、9在一些習(xí)慣說法中 the east (west, south, north)in the morning (afternoon, evening)on the left (right)in the endgo to the cinema(四)不用冠詞的幾種情況1在專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前例如:Have you ever been to Shanghai?你到過上海嗎?We love science. 我們愛好科學(xué)。2在表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前例如:Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以當(dāng)科學(xué)家。3在季節(jié)、月份、星期、一日三餐的名稱前例如:It is hot i
9、n summer. 夏天天氣熱。It s Tuesday, August the 22nd今.天是八月二十二日,星期三。 Have you had breakfast? 你吃過早飯沒有?4稱呼語或表示頭銜,職務(wù)的名詞前例如:What s the matter with you, Mike?怎么啦,邁克?He is headmaster of our school.他是我們學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)。5學(xué)科和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前例如:We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。Do you like to play football? 你喜歡踢足球嗎?6名詞前已有用作定語的this, that my, you
10、r, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代詞時(shí),不用冠詞例如:That is her bike.那是她的自行車。Each student in his class studies hard這.個(gè)班的每個(gè)學(xué)生都努力學(xué)習(xí)。7在某些固定詞組的名詞前例如:at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed等。三、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè) A 組I. 在下列句子的空格中填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~,不需要的地方用“ /表”示:1. This is _ old ma
11、p. It is _ useful map.2. We have no classes in _ afternoon on _ Saturday.3. _ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _second.4. Beijing is _ capital of _ China. It is _ beautiful city.5. Roman was not built in _ day.6. Chinese is quite _ difficult language for Mike.7. Many _ students will take _
12、 active part in sports meet.8. There is _ interesting picture on _ wall.9. Jenny found _ wallet lying on _ground. _ wallet was Mr. Black s.10. Which is _ biggest, _ sun, _ moon, or _ earth?11. - Which picture is more beautiful? - _one on _ left, I think.12. - Which is _ way to _ hospital?- Go down t
13、his road and turn left on _ second crossing.13. _ more, _ better.14. _ Turners are sitting at breakfast table.15. Joe Hill was _ fighter for _ working class.16. When was _ People s Republic of China founded?17. In China _ first English textbooks were published in _late nineteenth century.18. After _
14、 breakfast he went to _ school on _ foot.19. _ Huanghe River lies in _ north of China.20. He likes playing _ football. His sister likes playing _ piano.II. 單項(xiàng)選擇:1.上學(xué)A. go to schoolB. go to the school C. go to a school2.住院A, in the hospitalB. in a hospitalC. in hospital3.此刻A. at the momentB. at a mom
15、entC. at moment4.在課堂上 A. in classB. in a classC. in the class5.在地球上 A. on earthB. on an earthC. on the earth6.步行A. on footB. on the footC. on feet7.吃飯A. at a tableB. at the tableC. at table8.乘公共汽車 A. take busB. by busC. by the bus9.在家A. at the homeB. at a homeC. at home10.在工作 A. at workB. at the wor
16、kC. at works11.跳高A. jump highB. high jumpC. the high jump12.坐飛機(jī) A. by airB. by the airC. on air13.乘火車 A. by the trainB. by trainC. on train14.在校學(xué)習(xí) A. in the school B. in schoolC. in schools15.睡覺 A. go to bedB. go to the bedC. go to a bed16.感冒 A. have a coldB. have the coldC. have cold17.乘船A. by ship
17、B. on shipC. by a ship18.玩得痛快 A. have good times B. have a good timeC. have good times19.事實(shí)上 A. in the factB. in factsC. in fact21. 從早到晚 A. from morning to the eveningB. from morning to eveningC. from a morning to an evening四、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè) B 組III. 選擇填空:1. There is _ old woman in the car.A. /B. theC. aD. an2.
18、 Shanghai is in _ east of China.A. /B. anC. theD. a3.Bill is _ English teacher. He likes playing _ football.A. a, theB. an, theC. a, /D./,/4.The museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to go there by _ bus.A. an, /B. an, aC. a, /D./,/5.The story is _ interesting. That means it is _ interes
19、ting story.A. an, theB. the, a.C. /, anD. /, a6.Let s go for _ walk, shall we?A. aB. anC. theD. /7.This is _ interesting story-book and it is also _ useful one.A. a, aB. an, anC. an, aD. a, an8._ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school.A. A, anB. The, aC. The , theD. A, the9.They passed
20、our school _ day before yesterday.A. anB. oneC. aD. the10. Australia is _ English-speaking country.A. aB. anC. theD. /11. Don t play _ basketball here. It s dangerous.A. aB. anC. /D. the12. This is _ apple.It s _ big apple.A. an, aB. a, theC. a, anD. an, the13. - Have you seen _ bag? I left it here
21、just now.- Is it _ one on the chair near the door?A. a, aB. the, theC. a, theD. the, a14.I have _ blue coat.A. aB. anC. theD. some15.This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table.A. a, TheB. an, TheC. an, AnD. the, An16.Have you had _ breakfast?A. aB. anC. theD. /17.He wondered when the doctor could fi
22、nish _ operation. A. aB. anC. theD. any18.After _ supper, he stayed at home and played _ violin.A. the, theB. /, theC. /, aD./,/19.There is _ apple on the plate.A. aB. anC. theD. /20.He said that he got _“ C ” in the test.A. aB. anC. theD. /21._ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River.A. The,
23、 aB.A,/C. A, theD. An, an22.English is _ useful language in _ world.A. an, theB. a, theC. the, theD. an, an23.In the word“ cariage ” _“ r ” is lost.A. theB. anC. aD. /24.With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got _“ A ” in the test.A. aB. anC. theD. one25. I have two dogs. _ black one is t
24、wo years old and _ yellow one is three years old.A. A, aB. The, aC. The, theD. A. the26.Li Dan can play _ piano very well.A. /B. aC. anD. the27.What _ interesting film it is! I like _ film very much.A. a, theB. a, aC. an, theD. The, /28._ tall man over there is our _ English teacher.A. A, theB. The,
25、 aC. A, anD. The, /小學(xué)英語冠詞的用法提高專題精講及同步練習(xí)冠詞雖小,只有a, an 和 the 三個(gè),但卻是歷年各地考試必考語言點(diǎn)之一。就考查題型而言,以單項(xiàng)選擇為主,有時(shí)在完形填空中出現(xiàn)。從命題意圖看,以考查不定冠詞a 和 an 的用法區(qū)別、不定冠詞和定冠詞的用法區(qū)別為主。同時(shí)考查冠詞的各種不同用法。- 考查重點(diǎn)冠詞的考查重點(diǎn)包括不定冠詞a 和 an 的用法,定冠詞 the 的用法和零冠詞的用法等。 其中,不定冠詞與定冠詞的用法區(qū)別以及在具體語言環(huán)境中冠詞的應(yīng)用是歷年中考試題考查的熱點(diǎn),也是今后的考查方向。一 . 冠詞概述冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名
26、詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,表示“一”的意義,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念,只表示名詞為不特定者。定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者,表示“這”,“那”,“這些”,“那些”的意思,在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用二 .a 和 an 的區(qū)別不定冠詞有 a 和 an 兩種形式, a 用于輔音 ( 不是輔音字母 ) 開頭的詞前, an 用于元音 ( 不是元音字母 ) 開頭的詞前。例如: a boy , a university,a european country;an hour ,an honour , an island, an elephant
27、 ,an umbrella三 . 不定冠詞的用法1. 泛指某一類人、事或物;相當(dāng)于 any,這是不定冠詞 a/an 的基本用法。2. 泛指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物。3. 表示數(shù)量,有“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒有 one 強(qiáng)烈。4.表示“每一”,相當(dāng)于 every.例如, i go to school five days a week.我一周上五天課。5.用在序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一”,“再一”。例如, i have three books. i want to buya fourth one. 我已經(jīng)有三本書,我想買第四本。6.用在某些固定詞組中: a lot(of)許多,大量; aft
28、er a while過一會(huì)兒四 . 定冠詞的用法1. 特指某 ( 些) 人或某 ( 些) 物,這是定冠詞的基本用法。2. 指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。例如: open the window ,please. 請(qǐng)打開窗戶。3. 指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物。例如: i have a car. the car is red. 我有一輛小汽車,它是紅色的。4. 指世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。例如: which is bigger,the sun or the earth?哪一個(gè)大,太陽還是地球?5. 用在序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)前。例如:the firstlesson is the easiestone in t
29、hisbook. 第一課是這本書最簡(jiǎn)單的一課。6. 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。例如,the great wall長(zhǎng)城, the unitedstates美國(guó)7. 用在某些形容詞前,表示某一類人。例如:the poor窮人 ,the blind盲人8 用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻倆”。例如:the greens格林一家或格林夫妻倆9. 用在方位詞前。例如:on the left在左邊, in the middle of在中間10. 用在樂器名稱前。例如:she plays the piano every day.她每天彈鋼琴。11. 用在表示海洋,河流,山脈,群島及國(guó)家和黨派
30、等名詞前。例如: the black sea黑海, the yangzi river長(zhǎng)江12. 用在某些固定詞組中:all the same仍然; all the time一直; at the moment此刻; at the same time同時(shí); by the way服; in the morning/afternoon/evening野外順便說; do the shopping/washing 在上午 / 下午 / 晚上; in the open air買東西 / 洗衣在戶外,在五 . 零冠詞的用法1. 在專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。例如,class two二班, tianan men s
31、quare天安門廣場(chǎng), water水2. 可數(shù)名詞前已有作定語的物主代詞(my,your ,his,her等) 、指示代詞 (this/these,that/those)、不定代詞 (some,any 等 ) 及所有格限制時(shí)。例如 my book( 正 ) ; my the book( 誤)3. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)。例如, they are teachers. 他們是老師。tigers like meat.老虎喜歡吃肉4. 在星期,月份,季節(jié),節(jié)日前。例如: on sunday 在周日, in march 在三月, in spring在春天, on womens day 在婦女節(jié)( 特
32、例:如果月份,季節(jié)等被一個(gè)限定性定語修飾時(shí),則要加定冠詞: he joinedthe armyin the spring of 1982.他在 1982 年春季參軍。 )5. 在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如: tom 湯姆, mum媽媽6. 在學(xué)科名稱,三餐飯和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱前。例如:i have lunch at school every day.特例:當(dāng) football,basketball指具體的某個(gè)球時(shí),其前可以用冠詞:i can see afootball.我可以看到一只足球。 wheres the football?那只足球在哪兒? ( 指足球,并非“球類運(yùn)動(dòng)”)7. 在表特定的
33、公園,街道,車站,橋,學(xué)校等之前。例如:no.25 middle school8. 某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。(1) 與 by 連用的交通工具名稱前: by bus 乘公共汽車; by car 乘汽車; by bike 騎 / 坐自行車; by train乘火車; by air/plane乘飛機(jī); by sea/ship乘船,但 take a bus , in aboat , on the bike前需用冠詞(2) 名詞詞組:day and night日日夜夜; brotherand sister兄弟姐妹 ;hour afterhour時(shí)時(shí)刻刻; here and there到處(3) 介詞詞組
34、:at home在家;in surprise驚奇地;at noon 在中午 ;on foot步行;at night在晚上; on duty值日; at work在工作; on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí); for example例如; in class在上課; on show展覽; in bed在床上(4)go短語: go home 回家; go to bed上床睡覺;go to school去上學(xué); go to work去上班; go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買東西 / 游泳/ 劃船 / 釣魚六 . 用與不用冠詞的差異in hospital住院 /in the
35、 hospital在醫(yī)院里go to sea出海 /go to the sea去海邊on earth究竟 /on the earth在地球上,在世上in front of在 ( 外部的 ) 前面 /in the front of在 ( 內(nèi)部的 ) 前面take place發(fā)生 /take the place(of)代替at table進(jìn)餐 /at the table在桌子旁by sea 乘船 /by the sea 在海邊in future從今以后,將來 /in the future未來go to school(church ) 上學(xué) ( 做禮拜 )/go to the school(chur
36、ch) 到學(xué)校( 教堂)去on horseback 騎著馬 /on the horseback在馬背上two of us我們當(dāng)中的兩人 /the two of us我們兩人 ( 共計(jì)兩人 )out of question毫無疑問 /out of the question不可能的,辦不到的next year明年 /the next year第二年a teacher and writer一位教師兼作家 ( 一個(gè)人 )/a teacher and a writer一位教師和一位作家 ( 兩個(gè)人 )七、例題剖析例 1.he gave my sister useful book yesterday. a
37、. an b. ac. / d the【答案】 b useful的第一個(gè)音素為 ju故選 b。例 2.my brother is honest boy , so he has many friends. a. a b. anc. the d /【答案】 b honest的第一個(gè)音素為元音。例 3.more college graduates would like to work in west part of country next year. a. the; the b. /; / c. /; the d. the; /【答案】a 方位名詞前加 the ,in the west part
38、;由句意可知為第二年, 即 the next year 。例 4.there is a big tree the house.a. in the front ofb. in front ofc. in frontd. at class【答案】 b 由句意可知是物體外部的前面。例 5.jim always answers theteacher s questions _.a. in class b. in the classc. after class d. at class【答案】 a 課上回答老師的問題,故選in class。八、同步練習(xí)1.there is _ apple on the d
39、esk.a. a b .the c. an d./2.the girl under _ tree is my sister.a. a b .thec .an d./3.mary is from _ usa.a. a b. thec. an d./4.he met _ friend of his on the road.a. a b .thec .an d./5.mr black will go back to england_.a .by air b .by a planec. by trains d. at a train6.yesterday i went to work on foot.
40、a. /, / b ./, thec .the, / d. the, the7.thereis“ h”a sound.a. a , a b. a, thec. the, ,an d .an. theinthe word“hour ”,but“h”doesnt make8.i m going to see my mother. she is ill _.a. in hospitalb. in the hospitalc. in a hospitald. at a hospital9. we have three meals day. we have breakfastat 6:30 in mor
41、ningevery day.a. the , the , theb. the , / , thec. a , / , thed .a , the , the10. this isfilm ive told you about several times. it s great. i ve never seen _ more moving one.a. a , a b. the, thec. the, a d. a, the11. tina , could you please playpiano for me while i with pleasure.a .a b. anc. the d.
42、/12.i want to try again. please give me third chance again.a .a b. thec. an d. /13. whats the matter with you?m singing? i caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.a. a; / b. a; thec. a; a d. the; the14. sun is shining brightly. a. a b. anc. the d. /15. swimming is in summer.a. a great fun b. great fu
43、n c. great funs d. great a fun參考答案:1-5cbbaa6-10adacc11-15caacb三、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè) A 組I. 寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:1. house _2. village _ 3. map _4. orange _5. bag _6. exercise _7. brush _8. family _ 9. bus _10. city _11. box _12. baby _13. class _14. factory _ 15. glass _16. dictionary _ 17. watch _18. woman _19. match _20. m
44、an _21. wish _22. German _23. tomato _24. policeman _25. kilo _26. human _27. potato _28. Chinese _29. shelf _30. Japanese _31. leaf _32. American _33. life _34. tooth _35. wife _36. foot _37. knife _38. sheep _39. half _40. child _II. 將下列詞組譯成英語:1、一群孩子2、兩箱子蘋果3、三籃子蔬菜4、九塊面包5、十杯牛奶6、五塊肉7、多種植物8、一副眼鏡9、兩塊冰10、三張紙11、四瓶橘汁12、五杯茶13、六碗米飯14、七袋米15、八塊木頭16、九塊金屬III.寫出下列各詞的名詞形式:1. work _ 2. teach _3.sing5. fight _ 6. invent _7. wait _4.ill_8. woolen _9. win _10. thankful _11. foreign _ 12.cloudy _13. run _14. dirty _ 15. visit _16. funny _
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