最新使役動(dòng)詞的用法及練習(xí)

1、精品文檔使役動(dòng)詞的用法及練習(xí)英語(yǔ)中具有使役意義的動(dòng)詞較多 ,跟人們常常說(shuō)的使役動(dòng)詞不是一個(gè)概念 .通常我們說(shuō) 使役動(dòng)詞 ,指的是 make, have, let 這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞 ,它們?cè)诤蠼硬欢ㄊ阶髻e語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)要省去 不定式符號(hào) to 的特定用法 .但具有使役意義的動(dòng)詞數(shù)量上遠(yuǎn)不止這些 ,用法也較靈活 ,現(xiàn) 將其分類(lèi)敘述如下 ,以餉讀者 .（注：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞意義豐富 ,在此僅限于“使役”意義 .）1使役動(dòng)詞have, let, make （常用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）1.1 have的用法1）. have +賓語(yǔ)+省to不定式：表示主語(yǔ)“要”“使”“讓”賓語(yǔ)干某事，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系.而且還可以與情態(tài)動(dòng)

2、詞 will, would連用，不用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).The rich lady had the singer eat with his servants.I will have him come and help you.2）. have+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞：表示讓某人或物連續(xù)進(jìn)行某動(dòng)作或處于某狀態(tài)中，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ) 是一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系 .亦可轉(zhuǎn)化為“勸說(shuō) ,鼓勵(lì)”賓語(yǔ)干某事 .The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.I have them all

3、talking to each other in English我鼓勵(lì)他們用英語(yǔ)交談.3）. have +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞：表示主語(yǔ)的主觀意志 ,即主語(yǔ)讓別人為自己完成某事 ,賓語(yǔ)和 賓補(bǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 .還可以表示主語(yǔ)遭受到來(lái)利或不測(cè)的事 .Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.“別人”在句中一般不出現(xiàn) ,這是它與結(jié)構(gòu) 1）的區(qū)別所在 .試比較：Have you washed your clothes你洗了衣服了嗎？（自己洗）Have you had your c

4、lothes washed叫人洗了衣服了嗎？（別人洗）4). have+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)Please have your tickets ready.The Emperor had nothing on.I am sure I'll have him in the argument.1.2let的用法1) . let +賓語(yǔ)+省to不定式：表示主語(yǔ)“要” “使”“讓”賓語(yǔ)干某事，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是 一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系 ,罕用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) .有時(shí)也可指一種假設(shè) .let 后不能接現(xiàn)在分詞 ,過(guò)去分詞作 賓補(bǔ).Let them stay in the classroom and d

5、o their exercises themselves.Let AB be equal to CD. 假設(shè) AB 等于 CD.2) . let+賓語(yǔ)+副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)Let me in and let them out.Who let you into the building?3. make的用法1) . make +賓語(yǔ)+省to不定式：表示主語(yǔ)“要” “使”“讓”賓語(yǔ)干某事，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間 是一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系.此結(jié)構(gòu)常用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).make后不接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ).The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.The naug

6、hty boy was made to stand there for an hour.2) .make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞，此結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)指人時(shí)常用到反身代詞.He raised his voice to make himself heard.Can you easily make yourself understood in English?They will make an important plan known to the public soon.3) . make+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞，賓語(yǔ)亦可是從句.精品文檔精品文檔精品文檔The news made her happy.He made i

7、t clear that he objected to the proposal.2 “半使役動(dòng)詞” amaze, asto nis等“半使役動(dòng)詞”在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上還是一個(gè)沒(méi)有被認(rèn)同的概念或術(shù)語(yǔ),而只是認(rèn)可了其 v-ing形式和 v-ed 形式作為形容詞使用 .但這類(lèi)詞匯數(shù)量較大 ,使用頻率高 ,業(yè)已成為學(xué)習(xí)和考 查中的重點(diǎn) ,難點(diǎn),易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) ,而且在教學(xué)一線已經(jīng)廣泛地被教師和學(xué)生所接受.半使役動(dòng)詞之所以得名，一則它們的意義都有“使某人感到”，再則是為了與具有特殊用法 的使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make等區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái).2.4常見(jiàn)的半使役動(dòng)詞 amaze （使某人感到驚呀），asto nish

8、（使某人感到驚奇） bore （使某人感到厭倦），complicate （使某人感到復(fù)雜） confuse （使某人感到迷惑），disappoint （使某人感到失望） delight （使某人感到高興），discourage（使某人感到氣餒）distinguish （使某人感到顯著），excite （使某人感到興奮） encourage（使某人感到鼓舞），exhaust （使某人感到疲倦）frighten （使某人感到恐懼） in spire （使某人感到刺激） please （使某人感到高興） satisfy （使某人感到滿意） shock （使某人感到震驚）, interest （使某人

9、感到有趣） ,move （使某人感到激動(dòng)）， ,puzzle （使某人感到不解）， ,surprise （使某人感到驚異） , strike （使某人感到震動(dòng)） ,tire （使某人感到疲憊），upset （使某人感到迷惑不解），等等.2.2半使役動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式用法： something + Vt. + somebody如： What surprised him most was her bravery. His brave deeds moved China. The exam result satisfied his parents. The b'oys behavior upset

10、 everybody around.2.3半使役動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)或三個(gè)派生形容詞，一個(gè)加-ing,個(gè)加-ed有時(shí)還有一個(gè)加其他后 綴構(gòu)成女口： interest-interesting, interested; astonish-astonishing, astonished;pleasepleasing, pleased, pleasant; satisfysatisfying, satisfied, satisfactory.2.4半使役動(dòng)詞的v-ing和v-ed兩個(gè)分詞形容詞的用法也有規(guī)律一般而言 ,作定語(yǔ)時(shí) ,v-ing 分詞形容詞修飾事物 ,v-ed 分詞形容詞修飾人或者人的心理活 動(dòng)，表

11、情等；作表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，v-ing分詞形容詞指事；v-ed分詞形容詞指人或擬人 用法.而且作表語(yǔ)的v-ed分詞后接事時(shí)常有一個(gè)介詞.如:The film we saw last night was very interesting.We were all interested in the film.The frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened.The teacher was satisfied with the answer of his students.3使役意義狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞get, leave, set, send, k

12、eep, drive, 常用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中3.1get使成為/變得某種狀態(tài)或結(jié)果（get的用法跟have很接近）I can't get the old radio to work. 我無(wú)法讓那舊收音機(jī)工作起來(lái) .（ 接帶 to 不定式作賓補(bǔ)）Can you really get that old car going again?真能讓那舊車(chē)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來(lái)嗎 ？The farmer got his planting done before the rain cam那農(nóng)民在雨季前完成了種植 .He got his wrist broken. 他折斷了手腕 .（主語(yǔ)發(fā)生了不幸的事）She soon

13、got the childre n ready for schoo她迅速使孩子們做好了上學(xué)準(zhǔn)備.3.2leave使保持/處于某種狀態(tài)Leave your hat and coat in the hal把帽子和外套放在大廳里.Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened你把門(mén)窗緊緊鎖上了嗎？精品文檔精品文檔Always leave things where you can find them aga總應(yīng)把東西放在能再次找至U的地方 .Who left that window open? 誰(shuí)讓窗戶開(kāi)著 ?Don' t leave h

14、im waiting outside in the rain另fj讓他在外面雨中等待 .Leave somebody / something alone不要干涉某人或某事 .Leave well alone事情已經(jīng)夠好了，不要再去管它了 ./不要畫(huà)蛇添足.3.3set 使某人或某物處于或達(dá)至某種特殊的狀態(tài)或關(guān)系set somebody at his eas使某人安逸/舒適/心情放松set someth ing in order使 某物井然有序set somebody free / at liberty使某人獲得自由，釋放（犯人等）It' s time we set the machin

15、e going是我們發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)器的時(shí)候了 .The news set me thinking這消息使我陷入了沉思 .He set the farm laborer to chop wood.他讓農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人去砍伐木材.I have set myself to fin ish the job by the end of Ma我決心于五月底前完成那工作.set a thief to catch a thief以毒攻毒；令賊捉賊3.4 send 使某人或某物急劇地移動(dòng)The earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crash ing to the grou地震將杯盤(pán)

16、刀叉震落在 地上.Mind how you go- you nearly sent me flying小、心點(diǎn)，你差點(diǎn)將我撞飛了 .Send that fellow about his bus in ess / pack ingH 那家伙滾蛋.The good harvest sent the prices down豐收使物價(jià)下跌.3.5drive 使某人處于某狀態(tài) ,迫使某人做某事Failure drove him to despair / desperation失敗使他絕望.You' ll drive me mad / to my wits' end. 你會(huì)把我氣瘋的 ./

17、 你會(huì)使我窮盡應(yīng)付的 .精品文檔Hun ger drove him to steal. = He was drive n by hun ger to steO他為饑餓所迫而偷竊.3.6keep 使某人或某物保持某種狀態(tài)You should keep the children quiet你要使孩子們靜下來(lái).The cold weather kept us in doors寒冷的天氣使我們待在家里.If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets®果你手冷，把它們放在口袋里.Will they keep me in prison / cu

18、stody.他們會(huì)監(jiān)禁 / 拘留我嗎？I' m sorry I' ve kept you waiting.很報(bào)歉讓你久等了 .The doctors man aged to keep me goin醫(yī)生們?cè)O(shè)法讓我活下去 .4 使役意義動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞4.1cause致使，導(dǎo)致（能接直接賓語(yǔ)，雙賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)）What caused his death什么導(dǎo)致了他的死亡？This has caused us much anxiet這給我們帶來(lái)了極大的憂慮.What caused the plants to di（e.=what made them die）. 什么使得這些植物枯死 .He

19、caused the pris oner to be put to death. （=he had them put to death他使 得這些犯人被處 死.4.2force 迫使,強(qiáng)迫 （賓語(yǔ)后常接介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及不定式等）force one' s way through a crowd從人群中擠出一條路來(lái) .force a way in / out / through 沖入/ 出 /過(guò)force an entry into a buildi ng 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入一建筑force the war upon him 強(qiáng)迫某人作戰(zhàn)force some one into doing somet

20、h ing強(qiáng)迫某人做某事force sb./ oneself to work hard 迫使某人 /自己努力工作英語(yǔ)中使役動(dòng)詞的用法較復(fù)雜 ,上面僅就常見(jiàn)常用類(lèi)作一小結(jié) ,以供大家參考 ,還有一些類(lèi)型可能未被總結(jié)出來(lái),初中部分一 have let make 為重精品文檔使役動(dòng)詞練習(xí)一 、單項(xiàng)選擇1 I have heard both teachers and students well of him.A to speak B spoken C to have spoken D speak 2 They are going to have the serviceman an electric f

21、an.A installB to installC to be installedD installed3They' lhl ave you if you don'ptay your taxes.A to be arrested B arrest C arrested D being arrested4 They know her very well. They had seen her _upA grow B grewC was growingD to grow5 Is this fridgeyou wish to have ?A the one, it repairedB

22、that, repaired itC the one, repairedD which, repaired6 When visiting a foreign country, I sometimes found it difficult .A making understand meB to make myself understoodC to make myself understand7 -Good morning, Can I help you?-I 'ldike to have this package ， madamA be weighed B to be weighedC

23、to weigh D weighed8The speaker raised his voice but still could not make himself A hear B having heard C hearing D heard9 Jane was made to the truck for a week as a punishment.A to washB washing C to be washingD wash精品文檔精品文檔10The missing boys were last seen near the river.A playing B to be playing C

24、 play D playing 11The police were told that some boys were seen _on the street.A playingB to be playingC play D to playing12Paul doesn 'htave to be made .He always works hard.A to learn B learnC learnedD learning13.Ellen was absent this morning, she had her teeth .A filling B filled C to fill D

25、fill14The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next door.A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out15If you want to buy an expensive camera, we have several models _.A to be chosen B to choose fromC to choose D for choosing16The examiner made us our identification

26、 in order to be admitted to the text center.A showing B show C showed D to show17We were told to have our reading room after school.A clean B to clean C cleaning D cleaned18They made a fire _up the room, as soon as their leader came back.A warm B warmed C to warm D warming19I often noticed the boy _

27、school alone very soon.A leave B left C leaving D to notice20. The people 'gsovernment does it best to having the living standard of the people .A risen B raise C rise D raised21. Your brother looks tired, What' wrong with him ?Well, that 'because his boss had himall day.A works B to wor

28、k C work ingD worked22. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written Englishin a short period.A improved B improvingC to improve D improve23. Did you notice the little boyaway?A took the candy and run B tak ing the candy and runC take the candy and run D whe n tak ing and running24. I smell s