初中動詞不定式實用教案

1、 即即to do ，其否定，其否定(fudng)形式是形式是not to do；不定；不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動詞動詞(dngc)(dngc)不定式不定式: :第1頁/共33頁第一頁，共34頁。一.不定式的句法(jf)功能第2頁/共33頁第二頁，共34頁。1.Its normal to cry when we feel sad.(做主語(zhy)不定式做主語時,常用代詞it 來代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)(jigu), 這時 it 被稱為形式主語,而作為句子真正主語的不定式則被后置.往往放v.和adj.之后.e.g. To learn English well is not easy

2、. = Its not easy to learn English well.Its + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth.第3頁/共33頁第三頁，共34頁。1. 不定式做主語(zhy)：常用句型：Its + adj. (+for sb.) + to do sth. （對某人(mu rn)來說）做某事是怎樣的形式主語真正主語=To work out the problem is difficult for me.Its difficult for me to work out the problem.=Working out the problem is difficult

3、 for me.e.g. 對我來說解答(jid)出這道題是很難的。第4頁/共33頁第四頁，共34頁。2. The best way to learn English is to read loudly.(做表語(bioy)可與be動詞構(gòu)成(guchng)系表結(jié)構(gòu).Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school.My job is to clean the streets.在形式上，位于系動詞后的就是表語。從含義(hny)上講，表語是回答主語“是什么” 的語法成分。 第5頁/共33頁第五頁，共34頁。2. 不定式做表語(bioy)：常放在be動詞后，表明

4、主語“是什么”。e.g. Our plan is to go there by plane. 我們的計劃是乘飛機(jī)去那兒。 （主語和表語指代的是同一(tngy)事物） 1.My job is _computers. to selling B. sell C. to sell 2. Her hobby is _ (play) football.to play= Her hobby is playing football.第6頁/共33頁第六頁，共34頁。3.I want to buy a ticket.(做賓語(bny)接動詞不定式作賓語(bny)常見的幾個動詞是want , plan , hop

5、e , decide , begin , start. need , wait ,would like .hate. refuse. wish . prefer , learn. try. like .agree ,fail. be able to do, do/try ones best to do 等.e.g. They decided to try again.The little boy wanted to get to school before 8 oclock.3. 不定式做賓語：即動詞+to do的結(jié)構(gòu)(jigu)中，這里的to do就是做賓語第7頁/共33頁第七頁，共34頁。

6、1.My friends want _(book) some tickets to the movie for us.2. My parents decide _ (give) me more money.3. He plans _ (go) to Beijing for a holiday.4. The boy hopes _ (pass) the English exam.5. My little son is able _ (read) some words.6. Ill try my best _ (help) you.7. She would like _ (become) beau

7、tiful.第8頁/共33頁第八頁，共34頁。4.Kangkang helped us to learn English.動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,常見的動詞有 tell , ask , get, want , would like , wish , teach , help , order ,invite, get, allow, send, lead 等.常構(gòu)成(guchng)下面的句式： V + sb. + to do 其否定形式為： V +sb. not +to do(做賓語(bny)補(bǔ)足語)She told me not to give the book to him. I asked

8、 Paul to carry the box.4. 不定式做賓語(bny)補(bǔ)足語：即動詞+sb. +to do的結(jié)構(gòu)中，這里的to do就是做賓語(bny)補(bǔ)足語第9頁/共33頁第九頁，共34頁。1.Dont ask Jim _(go) swimming with us, because his mother wont allow him _(do) so.2. Does you mother wish you _a doctor? A. being B. to be C. become3. My teacher always tells me _ (study) hard.4. I dont

9、 want you _ (help) me.5. Shed like me _ (join) them.6. I wish you _ (have) a good time.My best friends teach me _ (swim).8. Her friend often invites her _ (have) dinner.9. My mother always gets my father _ (do) housework.10. I order you _ (wash) your hands第10頁/共33頁第十頁，共34頁。 但使役(shy)動詞（let .make .hav

10、e)和感官動詞(see . at .hear. feel)的賓補(bǔ)常省略to即：V. +sb. +do He often makes his sister wash his clothes.I see the little girl run into the school.第11頁/共33頁第十一頁，共34頁。1. When they went into the park, they saw someone _ Chinese Kongfu . plays B. played C. to play2.Mr. Brown made his students _ the new words agai

11、n. copying B. copy C. to copy3.Please let the students_ down. A. sitting B. to sit C. sit4.Is Wei Fang good at singing? - Yes, she is. We often hear her _ in her room. sing B. sing C. sings 第12頁/共33頁第十二頁，共34頁。5. I get up early to catch the bus.(做目的(md)狀語)不定式作狀語(zhungy)一般表示目的，原因或結(jié)果I am sorry to hear

12、that.Lets stop to have a rest.The orange are too high to reach. She didnt work hard enough to pass the exam.(表原因(yunyn)(表目的)(表結(jié)果)5. 不定式做狀語：常用來表示目的，原因或結(jié)果。第13頁/共33頁第十三頁，共34頁。 She sells flowers _ make money. A. made B. make C. to make2.The room is not big enough _. live in B. for living live3. Im sorry

13、 _ you . hit B. to hit C. hitting 4. He is too young _ (go) to school.第14頁/共33頁第十四頁，共34頁。6. 作定語(后置(hu zh)）I have something _ 要說.2.She has a lot of work _做 every day .3. The old man has a house _ 住.4. She is a nice person_ 談話 .to say to doto live into talk with6. 不定式做定語(dngy)：用來修飾前面的名詞或者不定代詞。第15頁/共33

14、頁第十五頁，共34頁。注意： 他在找一個房間住。沒什么可擔(dān)心(dn xn)的。 請給我把筆來寫東西。He is looking for a room to live in There is nothing to worry aboutPlease give me a pen to write with不定式和賓語(bny)之間有時候必須加上相應(yīng)的介詞，才能構(gòu)成完整的動賓關(guān)系。第16頁/共33頁第十六頁，共34頁。7. 疑問詞+ to do 構(gòu)成(guchng)短語。We dont know when to leave Beijing.Can you show me how to swim.He

15、 didnt tell me when to leave.第17頁/共33頁第十七頁，共34頁。1.Joe is teaching Alice _the chair. how mend B. how mending C. how to mend2. I dont know what_ (do) next. 3. Could you tell me when _ (have) dinner?第18頁/共33頁第十八頁，共34頁。8. 在學(xué)習(xí)不定式中,我們(w men)需要注意些什么呢?1）記住(j zh)基本形式:to do 否定(fudng): not to do 2） to do 是非謂語動

16、詞,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,不能充當(dāng)謂語. 但可以和系動詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu).如: My dream is to be a doctor.3）感官動詞see, watch, hear, feel等和使役動詞make, let等接do作賓語補(bǔ)足語時,do 稱為不帶to的不定式如: Do you often see him play tennis on the playground?4）充當(dāng)后置定語時,要特別注意動詞的不定式短語中的介詞不能省去.如: The old man have no house to live in.第19頁/共33頁第十九頁，共34頁。8. 只能(zh nn)跟ving 的動詞：f

17、inish, enjoy, mind, keep(on), practise, feel like(want), be busy doing . give up, look forward to doing, cant help doing, 第20頁/共33頁第二十頁，共34頁。 1. I cant help _ (cry) . 2. He didnt finish _ (do) homework. 3. Would you mind _ (close) the window. 4. Every day Mary practise _ (speak) English. 5. Kangkang

18、 is busy _ (watch) TV now. 6. I look forward to _ (hear) from you. 7. They keep _ (play) basketball. 8. My sister feels like _ (eat) ice cream.第21頁/共33頁第二十一頁，共34頁。9. 既可以跟動詞(dngc)不定式 又可以跟Ving 的幾組動詞(dngc)而意思無太大區(qū)別的：like to do like doing prefer. hate begin start .第22頁/共33頁第二十二頁，共34頁。10. 注意(zh y)Stop to

19、do 與stop doing ：stop to do 指的是：停下其它的事情，去做不定式的動作。We are so tired. Lets stop to have a rest. 我們太累了，讓我們停下來休息一會兒吧。Stop doing是指停下來正在做的事情。 The students stopped talking when the teacher came in. 第23頁/共33頁第二十三頁，共34頁。 She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to h

20、ave rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest2. Its time for class ,please stop_(talk)3. He stopped _(say)hello to me when he saw me.4. Its too late,lets stop_(work)5. He stopped_(cry) when seeing his mother.C Ctalkingto sayworkingcrying第24頁/共33頁第二十四頁，共34頁。remember to do 記得(j de)要去做remember doing 記得(j de

21、)曾經(jīng)做過 Please remember to bring your book with you tomorrow. I remember bringing my book this morning. forget doing 曾經(jīng)做過這件事，但后來忘了 forget to do 忘記要做一件事 （根本沒做）I often forget to turn off the light, but I remember turning it off last night.第25頁/共33頁第二十五頁，共34頁。1. Dont forget _ your homework with you when

22、you come tomorrow. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking2. - Do you still remember _ me somewhere in Beijing? - Yes, of course. Two years ago. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw3.Remember _(not be) late next time!第26頁/共33頁第二十六頁，共34頁。11. find it+adj+to do =find (that) it is to do. think itto do =thin

23、k (that) it is adj+to do sth. I found it easy to learn English. =I found it is easy to learn Enlish.Exercise:I felt it hard _(give) up _(smoke)第27頁/共33頁第二十七頁，共34頁。12. Its time to do sth.Its ones duty to do sthIts ones turn to do sth Take turns to do sth.It takes sb some time to do sthIt costs sb som

24、e money to do sth主語(zhy)+ adj to do sth 第28頁/共33頁第二十八頁，共34頁。 It cost me 5 yuan _ (buy) the book yesterday. It will take him 8 minutes _ (get) there. We take turns _ (clean) the classroom.4. Its already time _(stop) _(discuss)5. Its my duty _ (protect) you第29頁/共33頁第二十九頁，共34頁。13. 變被動語態(tài) make sb do sth. sb be made to do sth. He makes us laugh. We are made to laugh by him see sb do sth. sb be s