科技翻譯論文英語知識(shí)論文翻譯方法與技巧論文

1、 科技翻譯論文英語知識(shí)論文翻譯方法與技巧論文科技翻譯論文英語知識(shí)論文翻譯方法與技巧論文談科技翻譯中英語知識(shí)特點(diǎn)摘要：隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和國防建設(shè)的發(fā)展，科技翻譯在科研、實(shí)驗(yàn)、設(shè)計(jì)、加工、科技信息和科技管理中充當(dāng)著日益重要的角色，因此提高科技翻譯能力是很有必要的。本文從翻譯學(xué)習(xí)的角度闡述了科技翻譯中英語知識(shí)特點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞：科技翻譯英語知識(shí)翻譯方法與技巧從明末清初的科技翻譯至今，人們對(duì)科技翻譯的需求越來越大。這個(gè)“信息爆炸”的時(shí)代，無論是高校的科技教學(xué)與交流，還是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的科技創(chuàng)新和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，都離不開科技翻譯。翻譯的方法、樣式、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和風(fēng)格無不與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。但是科技翻譯中英語知識(shí)特點(diǎn)是不變的。一個(gè)翻譯人員，

2、如果他的外語達(dá)不到他母語水平的6070，就很難勝任有關(guān)的翻譯工作。一篇科技文章中其實(shí)只有少量自己特定的東西，大多背景和術(shù)語都是差不多的。真正著手時(shí)翻譯人員會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有想象得那么難。一個(gè)文科出身的翻譯人員，如果不能從事工程技術(shù)等翻譯工作，并不是因?yàn)槭芪目茖I(yè)的限制，而是其本身的功力不夠。是否具有扎實(shí)的英語知識(shí)是影響科技翻譯的決定性因素。科技翻譯幾乎涵蓋了所有理工常見的學(xué)科、專業(yè)和行業(yè)，而且是一種跨文化和地域的交流活動(dòng)。這些特征決定了翻譯人員只有具備較高的英語知識(shí)技能水平，才能提高雙語對(duì)比知識(shí)及運(yùn)用的能力，進(jìn)而拓展更有廣度的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)面和培養(yǎng)思維轉(zhuǎn)換應(yīng)變能力。所以，要真正提高科技翻譯水平，必須了解科技

3、翻譯中英語知識(shí)特點(diǎn)，努力在實(shí)踐中提高自己的科技翻譯水平。一、英語詞匯科技翻譯中的英語詞匯要注意到詞匯量和專業(yè)術(shù)語這兩個(gè)方面。詞匯量少，望文生義會(huì)導(dǎo)致把握詞語的準(zhǔn)確度差且錯(cuò)詞率高?？萍甲髌分?，不同的專業(yè)有不同的專業(yè)術(shù)語，不能隨意改換，所以科技翻譯人員除了要掌握原語和譯入語的基本技能以外，還應(yīng)熟悉所翻譯的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的技術(shù)術(shù)語，在翻譯時(shí)盡量使用這些術(shù)語，特別是針對(duì)一些概念性詞匯。比如，在同一篇科技譯文中，科技名詞、專業(yè)術(shù)語務(wù)求統(tǒng)一，原則上還必須采用國家自然科學(xué)出版機(jī)構(gòu)的詞典或者其他有關(guān)政府部門規(guī)范所規(guī)定的名詞術(shù)語。對(duì)于詞匯的翻譯，有三方面的影響因素。首先，許多科技詞匯是通過構(gòu)詞法而來，對(duì)其詞義的推敲

4、便離不開詞素的語義語境，所以，了解英語構(gòu)詞法對(duì)我們準(zhǔn)確理解科技術(shù)語詞義和翻譯科技術(shù)語是有幫助的。此外，周圍詞和所在句及所在段落影響一個(gè)詞的詞義，該詞詞義的確切含義通常需要從其詞語語義語境、句子語境或段落語義語境中獲取。如原文：science and technological advances are enabling us comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos.譯為：科技進(jìn)步正在使我們能夠探索宇宙的邊陲。這里的reach不應(yīng)該為原意“到達(dá)”，根據(jù)語境引申為“邊陲”。再次，大量科技新成果的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致大量科技新詞的產(chǎn)生。遇到新詞時(shí)，有必要請(qǐng)教專

5、業(yè)人員或查閱相關(guān)工具。二、造句科技文章的造句也講究文采，這種文采體現(xiàn)在：長句的邏輯性、表達(dá)客觀和描述練達(dá)。這也是準(zhǔn)確、規(guī)范達(dá)意并及時(shí)有效的翻譯不可或缺的途徑。把握好句子的文采不僅節(jié)省讀者看原文時(shí)拆解長句的時(shí)間，而且使他們得以專心致志地研讀原文的技術(shù)內(nèi)涵，快速進(jìn)入閱讀狀況。反之，如果翻譯還得讓讀者去揣摩核對(duì)原文和譯文，就違背了我們科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯的初衷。1、大量使用長而復(fù)雜的句子是科技文章的一大特點(diǎn)。漢語長句與英語長句在結(jié)構(gòu)上不同，漢語句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較松散，主句與從句之間缺乏應(yīng)有的連結(jié)，但意義的連貫、起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合一般都隱含在字里行間；而英語長旬的脈絡(luò)比較清楚，很容易從形式上加以判斷。因此，翻譯長句的基

6、本要點(diǎn)是如何組織句子，翻譯時(shí)要避免翻譯為英語的流水句和復(fù)雜句。如：pure science is primarily concemed with the development of theories and the establishment of the relations between the phenomena of the universe.譯文：理論科學(xué)的主要任務(wù)是發(fā)展理論，建立宇宙間各種現(xiàn)象之間的關(guān)系。分析：這里把英語名詞development和establishment轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語動(dòng)詞“發(fā)展”和“建立”。雙語的靈活轉(zhuǎn)換增強(qiáng)了譯文的準(zhǔn)確性和流暢度。2、科技文章中“非人稱主語+人稱

7、主語使用的動(dòng)詞謂語”的現(xiàn)象由客觀性決定，所以翻譯時(shí)少用人稱主語，而多用非人稱主語。3、為使科技翻譯避免表達(dá)臃腫，句意不清，應(yīng)該在充分、正確理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，努力使譯文做到言簡意賅。如：in my personal opinion。we must listen to and think overin a punctilious manner each and every suggestion that is offer to us.這樣的譯文應(yīng)改寫為：we must consider each suggestion carefully.分析：listen to and think over和in

8、 a punctilious manner可以分別概括為簡單的詞避免冗長，listen to and think over和eachand every同義詞可以并列，every suggestionthatis offerto us中offer隱含給別人的suggestion，可以替換。三、語法如果在語法結(jié)構(gòu)、句型方面不了解中文和英文兩種語言表達(dá)上的差異，會(huì)造成譯文的錯(cuò)誤。掌握數(shù)量、時(shí)態(tài)、照應(yīng)和句子成分等基本的語法，利于對(duì)原文作出正確的理解，從而提高譯文的質(zhì)量。科技翻譯的語法特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)在：使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)及名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)。在對(duì)原理、規(guī)律、性質(zhì)、特征、科學(xué)結(jié)論、調(diào)查結(jié)果和試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)等客觀真理和科學(xué)

9、事實(shí)的描述時(shí)，需要采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。翻譯中要根據(jù)具體情況選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)，體現(xiàn)科技文獻(xiàn)的客觀性；使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，為避免采用第一、二人稱或施事者為主語而造成的主觀臆斷，被動(dòng)語態(tài)在科技文獻(xiàn)中大量使用也使句子意思表達(dá)清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)簡潔，客觀性強(qiáng)。如“必須注意這臺(tái)機(jī)器的功能”可以譯為被動(dòng)句attention must be paid to the function of the machine；采用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)減少主觀色彩，用名詞作為語句的表述主體可以有助于科技英語描述客觀世界，客觀地表達(dá)技術(shù)、學(xué)術(shù)、專業(yè)的內(nèi)容，體現(xiàn)研究者或表達(dá)者的客觀態(tài)度。一般名詞作主語被名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)代替，可改變句型和動(dòng)作行為的表達(dá)方式，由表示動(dòng)

10、作變?yōu)楸硎緺顟B(tài)、特征或事實(shí)，因而增加表述的客觀性。如“this experience removed any magnetism there was in london”中的magnetism就要比“l(fā)ondon was less magnetic”中的形容詞magnetic更精準(zhǔn)。四、語篇語篇，從語言建構(gòu)功能來看，是不能分割、具有相對(duì)獨(dú)立性且能夠單獨(dú)處理的連貫語言片斷。翻譯實(shí)踐也證明，那種字對(duì)字、旬對(duì)句的觀念束縛了譯者的大局觀，致使譯文組織松散，表達(dá)不力，削弱了譯文的可讀性，給譯文留下許多遺憾。如加拿大翻譯理論家delisle(1988：10)曾說“翻譯的過程充滿了艱辛，因?yàn)樵闹幸呀?jīng)明示的

11、內(nèi)容以及只是隱含的內(nèi)容都必須在目標(biāo)語中再現(xiàn)”。每個(gè)概念段都有一個(gè)核心以及與之相應(yīng)的附屬成分，核心與附屬成分邏輯關(guān)系明確?？萍嘉捏w的邏輯性、信息性很強(qiáng)，較有規(guī)律性。歸納出其中規(guī)律，對(duì)這種邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行突出，避免信息傳遞時(shí)附屬信息對(duì)核心信息的干擾，以提高了譯文的可讀性，有助于讀者更好地把握作者欲言。五、修辭一般我們習(xí)慣于將修辭與文學(xué)聯(lián)系在一起，認(rèn)為修辭是傳遞美學(xué)信息的。但是科技寫作和翻譯與修辭的手法是有聯(lián)系的。修辭從本質(zhì)上說是抽象的思維物質(zhì)符號(hào)化的一種外在直觀的表達(dá)形式，而借助語符和修辭手法可以將人們有關(guān)科學(xué)的思維物質(zhì)符號(hào)化。恰當(dāng)?shù)奈捏w和修辭手法會(huì)使科學(xué)的思維和理念展現(xiàn)得準(zhǔn)確、簡潔有效?？萍颊撐膶懽?/p>

12、和翻譯的修辭是以符合科技論文的要求、以某種程度上有別于文學(xué)作品的修辭形式把科學(xué)的思維和理念組織、表述和展示出來，使科學(xué)的邏輯思維用與之相配的修辭形式，清晰簡潔地在譯文中得以重現(xiàn)?？萍嘉牡姆g研究范圍內(nèi)的修辭是在內(nèi)容上和表達(dá)上偏重于煉字鍛句、明確流暢，在形式和結(jié)構(gòu)上偏重于平勻縝密、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)妥貼。它以在傳遞科技信息方面以有效地發(fā)揮語言的交際功能為要旨，有別于文學(xué)體裁中一般概念的美學(xué)修辭。科技文章大多用概念、判斷、推理等方法說明需要解決的問題具有極強(qiáng)的邏輯性。六、科技翻譯原文涉及的各個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域翻譯人員通常被稱作是“萬金油”，特別是科技人員，他們的專業(yè)是無法固定的，說不定遇到什么課題和談話內(nèi)容。所以說翻譯

13、人員的知識(shí)面越寬，就越有助于發(fā)展。眾所周知，嚴(yán)復(fù)提出的“信、達(dá)、雅”的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但就科技翻譯而言，最重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是準(zhǔn)確、客觀、規(guī)范、簡練地表達(dá)原文?？萍挤g中一般強(qiáng)調(diào)“信”的重要性，指的就是科技翻譯工作者加強(qiáng)專業(yè)學(xué)科的學(xué)習(xí)以及親身深入科技實(shí)踐，使科技翻譯做到準(zhǔn)。缺乏文化背景知識(shí)，就會(huì)引起知識(shí)運(yùn)用面狹窄、譯文可接受性差，所以，專業(yè)知識(shí)是影響科技翻譯的重要因素。多數(shù)科技翻譯工作者為高校的外語專業(yè)畢業(yè)生，對(duì)科技的翻譯專業(yè)知識(shí)生疏，因此，應(yīng)該盡可能地加入企業(yè)和單位生產(chǎn)和科技實(shí)踐，接受潛移默化的技術(shù)熏陶，以熟悉每一道工序、流程、技術(shù)難點(diǎn)、專業(yè)行話等等。實(shí)際情況不允許他花上一兩年時(shí)間去熟悉資料背景的情況下

14、，也可以找?guī)妆拘再|(zhì)類似的資料，盡可能地了解有關(guān)技術(shù)內(nèi)容與文體特點(diǎn)；查閱專業(yè)工具書和用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)信息進(jìn)行分類檢索義；向?qū)＜一蜃髡哒?qǐng)教等。走上工作崗位以后，則可能涉及到機(jī)械、化工、外貿(mào)等多專業(yè)知識(shí)領(lǐng)域。要求我們不僅要有扎實(shí)的外語及本族語語言功底，不斷擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面，并且盡可能多地掌握各科技領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)詞匯及縮略語等。七、結(jié)語翻譯界常聞的譯事三難，具體到科技英語漢譯就是：英語理解難，漢語表達(dá)難，專業(yè)知識(shí)能力要求高。本文對(duì)科技翻譯中英語知識(shí)特點(diǎn)的一般性討論，有助于翻譯實(shí)踐之前正確地定位自己，使自己進(jìn)入角色，在實(shí)踐中改善和提高。The translation of scientific English trans

15、lation skills and methods of knowledge in science and technology translation in English translation skills and methods of the knowledge談科技翻譯中英語知識(shí)特點(diǎn)On the characteristics of English knowledge in science and technology translation摘要：隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和國防建設(shè)的發(fā)展，科技翻譯在科研、實(shí)驗(yàn)、設(shè)計(jì)、加工、科技信息和科技管理中充當(dāng)著日益重要的角色，因此提高科技翻譯能力是很有必

16、要的。本文從翻譯學(xué)習(xí)的角度闡述了科技翻譯中英語知識(shí)特點(diǎn)。 Abstract: with the development of the national economy and national defense construction, technical translation plays an increasingly important role in scientific research, experiment, design, processing, information technology and scientific management, so improve the a

17、bility of translation is necessary. In this paper, from the perspective of translation study English knowledge in science and technology translation.關(guān)鍵詞：科技翻譯 英語知識(shí) 翻譯方法與技巧 Keywords: translation of scientific English translation skills and methods從明末清初的科技翻譯至今，人們對(duì)科技翻譯的需求越來越大。這個(gè)“信息爆炸”的時(shí)代，無論是高校的科技教學(xué)與交流，還

18、是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的科技創(chuàng)新和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，都離不開科技翻譯。翻譯的方法、樣式、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和風(fēng)格無不與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。但是科技翻譯中英語知識(shí)特點(diǎn)是不變的。 Since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty's translation of science and technology, the demand for the translation of science and technology is more and more big. The "information explosion" era, both teaching and communi

19、cation of science and Technology University, or the social economic and technological innovation and economic development, all cannot do without science and technology translation. Methods of translation, style, standard and style are keeping pace with the times. But the knowledge of English transla

20、tion of science and technology is invariant features.一個(gè)翻譯人員，如果他的外語達(dá)不到他母語水平的6070，就很難勝任有關(guān)的翻譯工作。一篇科技文章中其實(shí)只有少量自己特定的東西，大多背景和術(shù)語都是差不多的。真正著手時(shí)翻譯人員會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有想象得那么難。一個(gè)文科出身的翻譯人員，如果不能從事工程技術(shù)等翻譯工作，并不是因?yàn)槭芪目茖I(yè)的限制，而是其本身的功力不夠。是否具有扎實(shí)的英語知識(shí)是影響科技翻譯的決定性因素。 A translator, if his language is not up to his native level 60% - 70%, i

21、t is difficult to do the translation work. A scientific article actually only a small amount of their specific things, mostly background and terminology are similar. The real start when translators will find not so difficult to imagine. A liberal arts background of translators, if not engaged in eng

22、ineering technology and other translation work, not because of liberal arts professional restrictions, but its lack of skill. Have solid knowledge of English is a decisive factor in influencing the translation of science and technology.科技翻譯幾乎涵蓋了所有理工常見的學(xué)科、專業(yè)和行業(yè)，而且是一種跨文化和地域的交流活動(dòng)。這些特征決定了翻譯人員只有具備較高的英語知識(shí)

23、技能水平，才能提高雙語對(duì)比知識(shí)及運(yùn)用的能力，進(jìn)而拓展更有廣度的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)面和培養(yǎng)思維轉(zhuǎn)換應(yīng)變能力。所以，要真正提高科技翻譯水平，必須了解科技翻譯中英語知識(shí)特點(diǎn)，努力在實(shí)踐中提高自己的科技翻譯水平。 Translation covers almost all science and engineering disciplines, the common professional and industry, but also is a kind of cross culture and regional exchange activities. These characteristics deter

24、mine the translator must have high level of English knowledge and skills, to improve the ability of bilingual contrastive knowledge and application of knowledge structure, and to further expand the scope of more and thinking transformation strain capacity. So, to improve the level of science and tec

25、hnology translation, must understand the English knowledge in science and technology translation, and strive to improve their level of science and technology in translation practice.一、英語詞匯 One, the English Vocabulary科技翻譯中的英語詞匯要注意到詞匯量和專業(yè)術(shù)語這兩個(gè)方面。詞匯量少，望文生義會(huì)導(dǎo)致把握詞語的準(zhǔn)確度差且錯(cuò)詞率高?？萍甲髌分?，不同的專業(yè)有不同的專業(yè)術(shù)語，不能隨意改換，所以

26、科技翻譯人員除了要掌握原語和譯入語的基本技能以外，還應(yīng)熟悉所翻譯的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的技術(shù)術(shù)語，在翻譯時(shí)盡量使用這些術(shù)語，特別是針對(duì)一些概念性詞匯。比如，在同一篇科技譯文中，科技名詞、專業(yè)術(shù)語務(wù)求統(tǒng)一，原則上還必須采用國家自然科學(xué)出版機(jī)構(gòu)的詞典或者其他有關(guān)政府部門規(guī)范所規(guī)定的名詞術(shù)語。 Translation of scientific English vocabulary should pay attention to vocabulary and terminology of these two aspects. Vocabulary, take the words too literally c

27、an lead to grasp the word accuracy and high rate of wrong words. Science and technology works, different professional terminology is different, can not arbitrarily change, so technology translators in addition to master basic skills of source language and target language, technical terms should also

28、 be familiar with the translation of the professional field, use as far as possible in the translation of these terms, especially for some conceptual vocabulary. For example, in the same piece of technology in the translation, terminology, terminology to unification, in principle must also terms sti

29、pulated by the National Natural Science Publishers dictionary or other relevant government departments to standardize the.對(duì)于詞匯的翻譯，有三方面的影響因素。首先，許多科技詞匯是通過構(gòu)詞法而來，對(duì)其詞義的推敲便離不開詞素的語義語境，所以，了解英語構(gòu)詞法對(duì)我們準(zhǔn)確理解科技術(shù)語詞義和翻譯科技術(shù)語是有幫助的。此外，周圍詞和所在句及所在段落影響一個(gè)詞的詞義，該詞詞義的確切含義通常需要從其詞語語義語境、句子語境或段落語義語境中獲取。如原文：science and technologi

30、cal advances are enabling us comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos.譯為：科技進(jìn)步正在使我們能夠探索宇宙的邊陲。這里的reach不應(yīng)該為原意“到達(dá)”，根據(jù)語境引申為“邊陲”。再次，大量科技新成果的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致大量科技新詞的產(chǎn)生。遇到新詞時(shí)，有必要請(qǐng)教專業(yè)人員或查閱相關(guān)工具。 For the translation of words, there are three factors. First of all, many scientific vocabulary by means of word formation,

31、 semantic context, the meaning of study cannot do without or so, understand English word formation for us to understand scientific meaning and translation of technical terms is helpful. In addition, the surrounding words and the sentences and paragraphs of the meaning of a word, the exact meaning of

32、 the word is usually obtained from the semantic context, semantic context in the sentence context or paragraph. Such as the original: Science and technological advances are enabling us comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos. translated as: scientific and technological advances are enabling us

33、 to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos. Here reach should not be willing to "reach", according to the context meaning "border". Once again, the emergence of a large number of new achievements in science and technology leads to the generation of a large number of scienc

34、e and technology of new words. In a word, it is necessary to consult a professional or related tools.二、造句 Two, make sentences科技文章的造句也講究文采，這種文采體現(xiàn)在：長句的邏輯性、表達(dá)客觀和描述練達(dá)。這也是準(zhǔn)確、規(guī)范達(dá)意并及時(shí)有效的翻譯不可或缺的途徑。把握好句子的文采不僅節(jié)省讀者看原文時(shí)拆解長句的時(shí)間，而且使他們得以專心致志地研讀原文的技術(shù)內(nèi)涵，快速進(jìn)入閱讀狀況。反之，如果翻譯還得讓讀者去揣摩核對(duì)原文和譯文，就違背了我們科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯的初衷。 A technical ar

35、ticles also pay attention to literary grace, this literary grace is reflected in: long logic, expression and description of objective particulars. This is accurate, the indispensable means to regulate feelings and timely and effective translation. A good grasp of the sentence will not only save the

36、reader time dismantling sentences see the text, but also make their technical content to devote oneself heart and soul to read text, quickly enter the reading situation. Conversely, if the translation is to let readers try to check the original translation, is against our original intention of scien

37、ce and technology literature translation.1、大量使用長而復(fù)雜的句子是科技文章的一大特點(diǎn)。漢語長句與英語長句在結(jié)構(gòu)上不同，漢語句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較松散，主句與從句之間缺乏應(yīng)有的連結(jié)，但意義的連貫、起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合一般都隱含在字里行間；而英語長旬的脈絡(luò)比較清楚，很容易從形式上加以判斷。因此，翻譯長句的基本要點(diǎn)是如何組織句子，翻譯時(shí)要避免翻譯為英語的流水句和復(fù)雜句。 1, use a lot of long and complex sentences is a major characteristic of scientific articles. Chinese E

38、nglish and English long sentences differ in structure, the Chinese sentence structure is loose, a lack of connection between the main clause and the clause, but the significance of coherence, play, bearing, rotating, and generally implied in between the lines; while the English long, context clear,

39、easily from the form to be judged. Therefore, the basic point is how to organize the sentence translation of long sentences, translation should be avoided for the English translation of flowing water sentence and complex sentence.如：pure science is primarily concemed with the development of theories

40、and the establishment of the relations between the phenomena of the universe. Such as: pure science is primarily concemed with the development of theories and the establishment of the relations between the phenomena of the universe.譯文：理論科學(xué)的主要任務(wù)是發(fā)展理論，建立宇宙間各種現(xiàn)象之間的關(guān)系。 Translation: the main task of scie

41、ntific theory is the development theory, establishes the relationship between the universe phenomena.分析：這里把英語名詞development和establishment轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語動(dòng)詞“發(fā)展”和“建立”。雙語的靈活轉(zhuǎn)換增強(qiáng)了譯文的準(zhǔn)確性和流暢度。 Analysis: the English noun development and establishment into the establishment of Chinese verb "development" and &

42、quot;". Flexible conversion bilingual and enhance the accuracy and fluency of translation.2、科技文章中“非人稱主語+人稱主語使用的動(dòng)詞謂語”的現(xiàn)象由客觀性決定，所以翻譯時(shí)少用人稱主語，而多用非人稱2, scientific articles "impersonal subject + person subject using the verb predicate" phenomenon from objective decision, so the translation

43、is less personal subject, and more impersonal accustomed to rhetoric is in connection with literature, that rhetoric is conveying aesthetic information. But the scientific writing and translation and rhetoric techniques are linked. Rhetoric is essentially a form of external expression of thinking ma

44、tter abstract symbols of intuitive, and with the help of language symbols and rhetoric can connect people thinking about science of material symbols. Proper style and rhetoric makes scientific thinking and ideas show was accurate, simple and effective.科技論文寫作和翻譯的修辭是以符合科技論文的要求、以某種程度上有別于文學(xué)作品的修辭形式把科學(xué)的思維

45、和理念組織、表述和展示出來，使科學(xué)的邏輯思維用與之相配的修辭形式，清晰簡潔地在譯文中得以重現(xiàn)。科技文的翻譯研究范圍內(nèi)的修辭是在內(nèi)容上和表達(dá)上偏重于煉字鍛句、明確流暢，在形式和結(jié)構(gòu)上偏重于平勻縝密、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)妥貼。它以在傳遞科技信息方面以有效地發(fā)揮語言的交際功能為要旨，有別于文學(xué)體裁中一般概念的美學(xué)修辭?？萍嘉恼麓蠖嘤酶拍睢⑴袛?、推理等方法說明需要解決的問題具有極強(qiáng)的邏輯性。 Technical writing and translation of rhetoric is to meet the requirements of scientific papers, to a certain degre

46、e has rhetorical form different from literary works of the scientific thinking and idea of organization, representation and display, make the scientific logical thinking with the rhetoric form with the match, clarity and simplicity in translation to reproduce. EST translation study within the scope

47、of rhetoric is in the content and expression of emphasis on diction forging sentence, clear and smooth, in the form and structure of emphasis on homogeneous careful, rigorous. It takes in the transfer of scientific and technological information in order to effectively play the function of language c

48、ommunication as the essence of aesthetic rhetoric, there is different from the general concept of literature. Scientific articles mostly use concept, judgment, reasoning that need to solve the problem is very logical.六、科技翻譯原文涉及的各個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域 Six, the science and technology translation involves all fields翻譯

49、人員通常被稱作是“萬金油”，特別是科技人員，他們的專業(yè)是無法固定的，說不定遇到什么課題和談話內(nèi)容。所以說翻譯人員的知識(shí)面越寬，就越有助于發(fā)展。眾所周知，嚴(yán)復(fù)提出的“信、達(dá)、雅”的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但就科技翻譯而言，最重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是準(zhǔn)確、客觀、規(guī)范、簡練地表達(dá)原文?？萍挤g中一般強(qiáng)調(diào)“信”的重要性，指的就是科技翻譯工作者加強(qiáng)專業(yè)學(xué)科的學(xué)習(xí)以及親身深入科技實(shí)踐，使科技翻譯做到準(zhǔn)。 The translator is often called a "one size fits all", especially in scientific and technical personnel,

50、their professional is not fixed, perhaps meet what topics and conversation. So knowledge of translators is wider, more conducive to the development of. As everyone knows, Yan Fu's "letter and elegance," the criteria of translation, but the translation of science and technology, the mos

51、t important standard is accurate, objective, standard, concise expression of the original. In EST translation emphasizes the importance of general "letter", refers to the translation of science and technology workers to strengthen the professional disciplines of learning and personal in-de

52、pth practice of science and technology, the science and technology translation standard.缺乏文化背景知識(shí)，就會(huì)引起知識(shí)運(yùn)用面狹窄、譯文可接受性差，所以，專業(yè)知識(shí)是影響科技翻譯的重要因素。多數(shù)科技翻譯工作者為高校的外語專業(yè)畢業(yè)生，對(duì)科技的The lack of cultural background knowledge, will cause the knowledge narrow, acceptability is poor, so, professional knowledge is an important f