初一英語基礎復習

1、初一英語根底復習Junior Book 一知識網(wǎng)絡【重點內(nèi)容概要】1元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)、閉音節(jié)中的讀音。2常用的日常交際用語。3人稱代詞，物主代詞、指示代詞及基數(shù)詞。4動詞he(am，i，are)的用法及人稱代詞，名詞的數(shù)的一致性，5一些表示方位、地點介詞的用法6名詞所有格。7，冠詞a，an，the的根本用法。8以What、Where、Who、Whose、Which、How等引導的疑問句和一般疑問句以及它們的答復9能靈活運用人稱代詞的主格和賓格 10掌握可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法，以及與其搭配使用的相關修飾詞 11There be句型以及與have(has)的運用及區(qū)別。 12動詞的現(xiàn)在進行

2、時和一般現(xiàn)在時的運用。13祈使句的肯定、否認形式14常用的句型及交際用語。15人稱代詞主格和賓格的使用。16可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的運用17常用的句型。18現(xiàn)在進行時和一般現(xiàn)在時的使用。【句型、詞組精講】Words and Expressions1. Excuse, me. / Im sorry. 這兩個句子是會話時常用客套語。1Excuse me. 表示“勞駕，“請問，“請原諒，“對不起，“打攪一下等意思，多用于句首，主要用于在請求別人幫助時用。如：Excuse me, is this watch yours? Excuse me. How can I get to the station?

3、2Im sorry. 或Sorry. 一般用于聽到別人的不幸或做了對不起別人的事情表示遺憾或向其抱歉，或不能夠給對方提供信息或幫助時的場合。如： Im sorry Im late. Im sorry to hear your mother is ill. Sorry, I cant go with you. Sorry, I wont do that again. 2. its / its 1its是it is的縮寫形式，意思是“那是。2) its是it的物主代詞，具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，作定語，意思是“它的。如：This is a bird. Its name is Polly. 這是一只鳥，它的

4、名字叫波莉。Its a cat. Can you spell its name? 那是一只貓，你能拼出它的名字嗎？3. listen/ hear 1listen意為“聽，強調(diào)聽的動作，當后接聽的對象時要加to。如：Listen! Who is talking? 聽！誰在講話？Were listening to the teacher. 我們正在聽老師講課。2hear意為“聽到，強調(diào)聽的結果。如：Im listening to the teacher, but I cant hear him. 我正在聽老師講課，但我聽不見他講的話。4. notat all/ Not at all 1) nota

5、t all意為“根本不，一點也不，not放在助動詞之后。如：He doesnt study hard at all. 他學習一點也不認真。2) Not at all. 意為“不用謝、“沒關系，答復對方的感謝、抱歉時用語。如：“Thank you very much. “Not at all. “非常感謝?！安挥弥x。5. speak/ say / tell/ talk 這四個詞都有“說之意。1speak強調(diào)說話的能力和方式，后常接說的某種語言。如：Do you speak English? 你講英語？2say強調(diào)說的內(nèi)容。如：What is he saying? 他在說什么？3tell意為“告訴

6、，后常接雙賓語或復合賓語。如：Let me tell you a story. 讓我給你們講個故事吧。 The teacher often tells us to study hard. 老師經(jīng)常叫我們努力學習。4talk為不及物動詞，構成短語talk with, talk to, talk about等。如：What are they talking about? 他們正在談論什么？6. old/ age old指年齡，表示“歲的意思，常和how 一起構成疑問句。如：How old are you? 你多大？age是“年齡的意思，通常和what一起構成特殊疑問句。如：What age is

7、he? 或Whats his age? 他多大了？介詞+名詞歸納1in+語言：表示用什么語言或用什么語言說或寫。如：Whats this in English? He is writing a letter to his father in Chinese. 2in pairs意為“成雙地，“成對地，“兩人一組。如：Please ask and answer in pairs. 3in the wall 表示在墻里面。如：There is a hole in the wall. 如果表示在墻的外表或墻上，用on the wall。如：She put a map of China on the

8、wall. 4at work意為“在工作，work前不加the。類似這樣的詞組還有at home在家，at school上學，at table就餐等。5by+交通工具：表示“乘。如：by like= on the bikeby train= on the train, by boat= on the boat by plane / air = on the plane, by ship= on the ship by car = in the car, by bus =in the bus等。但：步行那么用on foot來表達。6on ones way表示“在去的途中。如：He found a

9、 dog walking in the street on his way home.  on ones way to school 在某人上學的途中on ones way back 在某人的途中7on duty表示“值日。如：Whos on duty today? 今天誰值日？I am on duty. 我值日。動詞+介詞&副詞結構1動詞+介詞結構。這類詞組無論其賓語是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。如： look after= take care of 照看，照料  look like 看上去像 look at  看 &#

10、160;             worry about  對擔憂 come from =be from   來自  get to 到達         work on  從事，操作  turn on(off)翻開，關掉  come into  進入2動詞+副詞結構這類詞組后接賓語時，賓語如果是名詞既可放在動詞與副詞之間，也可放

11、在副詞之后；如果是人稱代詞，多放在動詞和副詞之間。如：hand up 舉起手來 put on 穿上；掛上貼上 take off 脫掉 put away 把放好；把收起來There be和to have句型這兩個句型都表示“有的意思。There be表示“存在的關系，to have側重“所屬關系。如：There are forty students in our class. We have a happy family. 使用There be和to have句型時還應注意以下幾點：1There be句型中的就近一致原那么。即be的形式與靠近它的主語一致。如：There is a table a

12、nd two chairs in the room. There are four chairs and a table in the room. 2就There be句型中的主語提問時，往往把there這個引導詞省掉。如：There is a book on the desk. 就劃線局部提問Whats on the desk? 3當表示某物屬于另一物中不可分割的一局部時，往往用to have句型。如：桌子有四條腿。The table has four legs. 4美國英語常用have got表示“有。如：They have got an English-Chinese dictionar

13、y.二考試熱點1人稱代詞和物主代詞的運用2疑問詞的正確運用。3be與主語的數(shù)的一致性4介詞的常見用法5人稱代詞的主格和賓格6現(xiàn)在進行時和一般現(xiàn)在時。主要題型有用所給詞的適當形式填空、交際運用。7交際運用三重、難點突破1代詞的正確運用，疑問詞的運用及be的使用。在運用代詞時，我們應從所替代名詞的數(shù)、性別著手，并根據(jù)它在句中的位置來確定是主格還是賓格，是用名詞性物主代詞還是形容詞性物主代詞具體來說，在主語的位置用主格；在動詞、介詞或副詞后作賓語時，要用賓格而形容詞性物主代詞后面要帶名詞2疑問詞的使用那么要根據(jù)疑問詞能作什么成分，是問時間、地點，顏色，人還是物等以及其答語來做出選擇3be的使用要看主

14、語是單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、還是復數(shù)名詞來確定。主要題型有用所給詞的適當形式填空、交際運用。4正確區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞十分重要。不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語要用單數(shù)，而可數(shù)名詞又有單復數(shù)之分。一般地，many、a fewfew只修飾可數(shù)名詞，much、a littlelittle只修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而some、any、a lot of、lots“兩者均可修飾。5現(xiàn)在進行時的使用關鍵在于其構成和依其常用的時態(tài)標志詞，如look、listen，now等來判斷一般現(xiàn)在時的難點在其疑問、否認的變化和當主語為單數(shù)第三人稱時其謂語動詞的變化。現(xiàn)在以work為例來看看一般現(xiàn)在時的句式變化規(guī)律。He works

15、everydayHe doesn't work every dayDoes he work every day?即一般變化規(guī)律(注意：謂語動詞為行為動詞或連系動詞時；be型不在此例)主語+謂語十其他否認，主語+don'tdoesn't+謂語動詞原形+其他疑問：DoDoes主語+謂語動詞原形+其他?總之，這兩種時態(tài)的正確使用關鍵在于用法和常用時間狀語。四典型例題【考題導析】例1 語音題：選出劃線局部的讀音與其他三個劃線局部讀音不同的單詞。     (1)A. lake      B. cat&

16、#160;     C. take      D. cake    (2)A. bed      B. desk     C. she       D. let    (3)A. fish      B. fine   

17、  C. nice      D. time                                         &#

18、160;                                    (4)A. box      B. hot      C. shop 

19、     D. home分析：此題考查元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)、閉音節(jié)中的讀音。關鍵之處是學生對重讀開音節(jié)、閉音節(jié)要了解。(1)小題的A、B、C、D中只有B是閉音節(jié)，a發(fā)音，其余都是開音節(jié)，a發(fā)ei音。(2)小題C為開音節(jié)，e發(fā)i:音，其余都是閉音節(jié)，e發(fā)e音。(3)小題A為閉音節(jié)，i發(fā)i音，其余都是開音節(jié)，i發(fā)ai音。(4)小題D為開音節(jié)，o發(fā)音，其余都是閉音節(jié)，。發(fā)音。      例2 選擇填空         A. _ pe

20、ncil-box is this, Patrick?             B. Its _.  A. Whose, mine    B. Whos, mine    C. Whose, my    D. Whos my 分析：此題考查疑問詞的正確使用及兩種物主代詞的用法。首先要分清Whose 與Whos的讀音相同，但含義不同。Whose“誰的Who“是誰“誰是根據(jù)題意，詢問“鉛筆盒是

21、誰的？那么答案從A和C中選擇。而形容詞性的物主代詞要用于名詞之前，名詞性物主代詞相當于一個形容詞性的物主代詞和名詞，故此題答案為A。           例3  I found the bottle in _ room.          A. Sara and Kate        B. Saras and Kate's

22、60;        C. Sara's and Kate       D. Sara and Kate's分析：此題考查名詞所有格。英語中表示所屬，在人名后加上s，但兩人共有一物，只在最后一人名后加s。故此題答案為D。例4  Jack and Tom are _.          A. good friends    B .go

23、od friend    C. a good friend    D. good a friend                 分析：此題考查名詞的數(shù)與be動詞的一致性。Jack和Tom是兩人，謂語是are, 故朋友“friend一詞應加s，所以答案為A。例5 1)Whos that?   _.     

24、       A. I'm Tom speaking     B. My name is Tom            C. Tom speak           D. This is Tom speaking2)_? This is Mr. Smith speaking now

25、.            A. Who are you           B. Who's that            C. Who are you calling     D. What do you want to say

26、分析：此兩題考查英語打 的交際用語。打 中問對方是誰，要說“Whos that?，不能說“Who are you?。而答復“我是要說This is, 不能說I am。故答案為1) D    2) B。 例6 Lily, it's Linda's birthday tomorrow. Oh yes. I will buy _ a big birthday cake.          A. him     B.

27、you     C. her      D. it分析：此題考查人稱代詞的正確使用。根據(jù)語境分析，準備給Linda買蛋糕，由于Linda是女孩的名字，故要用“她一詞來代替，而用于動詞后的人稱代詞要用賓格，所以正確答案為C。            例7 Is this cake for_?         A. I

28、60;     B. my     C. me      D. mine分析：此題同樣考查人稱代詞用于介詞之后應用賓格這一用法，所以C答案為正確的。例8 Listen! Someone_ in the next room.          A. cry    B. is crying    C. are crying

29、   D. crying分析：此題有一關鍵詞listen，提示此處應用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)填空。而Someone作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式，故答案為B。       例9 How many _ do you want?        A. glasses of milk   B. glass of milks   C. glasses of milks   D. milks分析：此題有兩處應該注意

30、：一是不可數(shù)名詞無復數(shù)形式；二是How many與可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式搭配。所以此題正確答案為A。       例10 There _ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.           A. is a    B. are some    C. has a    D. have

31、some分析：英語中“有可以用there be結構和have/has，但兩者用法不同。there be表示存在有，即“某地有；而have/ has表示所有，即“某人(物)有。此題的on the desk說明某地有，C、D那么不能選。而根據(jù)there be句型中主謂一致、就近的原那么，pencil-box沒有用復數(shù)形式。故答案選A。例11 (山東省淄博市，2002)Thats coat. It's A. yours，Tom's B. your, Tom，x C your，Tom D. yours，Tom分析：此題考查代詞和名詞所有格的用法。名詞性物主代詞相當于一個形容詞性物主代詞

32、加上一個名詞，故由第一空可排除A、D兩項，又由句竟“它是湯姆的上衣知，應選B解后反思 根據(jù)句意和所處位置來確定代詞是解題的關鍵。例12 (蘭州市，2002) 一This is a photo of when they were young 一OK，how happy they both looked Amy father and mother B. my mother and father's Cmy mother's and father's D. my father's and my mother分析：此題考查名詞的所有格，A、D不合所有格用法，故可以排除。

33、又由題意可知這張相片是共有的，應選B解后反思 英語中名詞表示所屬，在人名后加s，如兩人共有一物，那么在最后一人名后加s，假設為兩人各自所有的，那么在兩人名后分別加s例13 (青島市，2003) - Where my money？I can't find it. Look! some money under your chair A. There has B. There are C There is D lt's分析: 此題顯然考查there be句型。there be句型中be的數(shù)要采取就近原那么，即be的效由離它最近的主語來決定，此題主語some money是不可數(shù)名詞，故

34、謂語要用單數(shù)，所以選C，解后反思 在there be句型中不會出現(xiàn)have的各種形式。例14 (北京市海淀區(qū)，2002)"Can I get you a drink?" "That's very nice of you. I've already got_." A. it B. one C. that D. this分析：此題考查這四個指示代詞的用法。當被替代的名詞前有修飾語時，要用one或ones。當替代不可數(shù)名詞時不能用one，只用that。而it替代同類事物中的同一件事物。this是近指，往往替代即將要說的，且that，this，i

35、t前均不帶修飾語，故此題選B。例15 (泉州市，2002)I'm thirstyI want to buy A. two bottles of oranges B. two bottles of orange C. two bottle of oranges Dtwo bottle of orange分析：此題考查不可敷名詞的計量表達法。oranges是橘子之意，顯然與thirsty不符，故A、C可排除，D也不行，選B。解后反思 orange是多義詞，當“橘汁講時，是不可數(shù)名詞，當“橘子講是可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞的量化常用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞結構，當數(shù)量超過一時，量詞應用復數(shù)，如

36、此題B例16 (北京市海淀區(qū)，2002) Look! The boys happily in the river A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. are swimming分析：此題考查謂語的時態(tài)。由look這一關鍵詞可知，此處應用現(xiàn)在進行時，故答案為D解后反思 謂語動詞的時態(tài)是由時間狀語、暗示詞或上下文來確定的，它的數(shù)由主語決定。所以，做這種題，要縱觀全局。例17 (廈門市，2003) Kate has lost keys，so she asks for helpA. her，mine B. hers，me C。hers，I D. her，me分析：此題考查代詞

37、的用法。由前空所處位置知該空應填形容詞性物主代詞，而后句意為“她向尋求幫助即asks sb. for help。故后空應填代詞賓格。應選D，解后反思 作賓語的代詞要用賓格，而作定語的代詞要用形容詞性物主代詞?！菊`例析】1那個男孩是誰？誤：Whose that boy? 正：Whos that boy? 析：whose和whos雖然發(fā)音一樣，但在句子中的功能卻大不相同。前者表示“誰的，作定語用，后者表示“是誰，是系表結構。有時whos也可作主謂結構。如： Whose book is this?  Whos that girl over there?  Whos t

38、alking in the next room?  2這條褲子是我的。 誤：This trouser is mine.  正：This pair of trousers is mine. & The trousers are mine.  析：某物如果是由兩個對稱的局部組成的，該物應用復數(shù)形式。如shoes, glasses, compasses圓規(guī)等。如果表示“一條，一雙，一副等時，往往用a(this, that)pair of+該物。這一結構作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如果前面與物主代詞或名詞所有格連用作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如： T

39、hat pair of glasses is hers.  My shoes are black.  3請把你的自行車借給我。 誤：Please borrow your bike to me.  正：Please lend your bike to me. & Please lend me your bike.  析：lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth.意為“把某物借給某人，即從物主那兒借出去。borrow sth. from sb.意為“從某人那兒借來某物。五強化訓練I單詞拼寫A按要求寫出以下單詞的適當形式

40、。1. family復數(shù) _     2. my名詞性物主代詞_3. swim現(xiàn)在分詞_    4. meet同音詞_5. short反義詞_     6. study第三人稱單數(shù)_7. friend (形容詞) _   8. question同義詞_9. they賓格_      10. boys所有格形式_B根據(jù)句意及首字母提示，補全單詞11. The bottle is e_. I want a full on

41、e. 12. In the classroom there are many pictures on the t _desk. 13. May I borrow your dictionary?    Of c_. Here you are. 14. He likes t_ by train, because its cheap and safe. 15. Tom is at the door of the classroom. But it is l_. He cant open it. C用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。16. Li Ning can speak_(En

42、glish). 17. There are three _ (knife) on the table. 18. Were doing _ (we) homework at home. 19. The school gate is _ (close) now. 20. You can eat_ (difference) kinds of food in that restaurant. II選擇填空21. _ girl has _ apple. _ apple is big and red.    A. An, an, The    B. The

43、, an, The   C. A, a, An   D. The, an, An 22. These are _ cups. _ are over there.     A. our, Yours   B. yours, Mine    C. his, Our   D. Their, Your 23. I often go to school_. What about you? I often _ to school.     

44、;A. by bus, ride a bike     B. by a bus, ride a bike     C. by a bus, by a bike     D. by bus, ride bike 24. This is Lucys pen. Please _.     A. give her to it     B. give her it    C. give it to

45、 her     D. give it her 25. _ that? I think _ Han Mei.  A. Whos, its   B. Whose, its  C. Whos, its   D. Whose, its 26. I have two pens. One is blue, _ is black.     A. other    B. others    C. the other

46、60;   D. another 27. Your English is very good.   _.     A. Yes, youre right    B. Thank you     C. Thats right        D. No, its not good 28. Your coat is here. Please _.     A. put on

47、 them   B. put them on    C. put on it    D. put it on 29. _ do you like about Beijing? The people, and the food. A. How    B. Where     C. Which    D. What 30. _ she _ a computer?     A. Is, hav

48、e    B. Is, has   C. Does, has   D. Does, have 31. Lets go and _.    A. play football    B. play the football    C. play a football    D. to play football 32. Nice to meet you.     _.   

49、; A. Nice to see you.       B. Hello, how are you?    C. Nice to meet you, too.  D. Thank you very much. 33. Whats wrong _ your bike? Its broken. A. with   B. on    C. for    D. about 34. Its seven oclock. Kate _ su

50、pper now.     A. have   B. has   C. are having    D. is having 35. Who is the woman in the car? She is _ mother. A. Kates and Marys       B. Kate and Marys C. Kate and Mary        

51、  D. Kates and Mary 36. You like _ basketball. Would you like _ a new one? A. play, buying    B. to play, buy C. to play, buying D. playing, to buy 37. _ ? Id like a pair of shoes. Please show me the white pair.     A. Can I help you    

52、60; B. What do you do      C. What are you doing  D. Will you please help me 38. Very nice _ to you.     A. talk   B. talking    C. talks    D. to talk 39. What does he _ at the meeting?     A. say &#

53、160; B. tell    C. talk    D. speak 40. _? Its five oclock.     A. What day is it, please     B. Whats the name, please     C. Whats the time, please    D. Whats this, please III動詞應用41. My father _ (get) u

54、p at 5:30 every morning. 42. Its time_ (have) classes. Lets go. 43. _ (not be) late for school again. 44. Would you like something _(eat)? 45. I can help you _ (carry) the heavy box. 46. Look! They _ (play) games over there. 47. What _ Wang Fang _ (do)? She is a teacher. 48. What about _ (watch) TV

55、now? 49. There _ (be) an English book and two Chinese books on the desk. 50. How long _ it _ (take) you to get to your home? IV句型轉換。51. She does her homework in the evening. 改為一般疑問句   _ she _ her homework in the evening?52. There is some milk in the bottle. 改為否認句   There _ _ milk

56、 in the bottle. 53. Do they work in a factory? 改為現(xiàn)在進行時   _ they _ in a factory? 54. She often goes to school by bike. 對劃線局部提問   _ _ she often go to school? 55. You cant take off your coat. 改為祈使句   _ _ your coat off. 56. Whats your father, Lucy? 改為同義句   What _

57、your father _, Lucy? 57. The girl behind the house is my sister. 對劃線局部提問_ _ the girl behind the house? 58. Id like an apple.用an orange改為選擇疑問句   _ you like an apple _ an orange? 59. There are some trees near the school. 對劃線局部提問   _ _ near the school? 60. Why dont you get up at six

58、 in the morning? 改為同義句   _ _ get up at six in the morning? V補全對話A: What are you doing? B: Im looking for my pen. But I _61_ find it. A: You can borrow mine. B: Thanks a lot. But I must _62_ one in the shop. A: _63_ shop? B: The one over there. Could you go with_64_? A: Certainly. B: _65_ c

59、an I do for you? A: I want a pen, please. B: OK. _66_ you _67_. A: Thank you. _68_ _69_ is it? B: Its four yuan. Is that_70_? A: Yes. Thank you. Good-bye!B: Bye. VI完形填空。   Mike and Jack are monks和尚. Mike is short and fat. Jack is tall and thin. They _71_ brothers but they live _72_ same ro

60、om. Every morning they go out _73_ food.    One day, they go out for food very _74_ . They are on a road to a village. There arent any men on the road. They are walking _75_. Suddenly突然they stop. There is a comb梳子on the road_76_ them. Both of them are running up to it. “I find it first. It

61、s _77_ comb, one of them is saying.    “No, I find it before you, _78_ is saying. “Its not yours.   Mike and Jack are sitting _79_ the road. They are quarreling爭吵about the comb. Morning is up and then comes the afternoon. Theyre still quarreling.   A little boy comes up to them a

62、nd says, “Youre monks. Monks have no hair. Whats the use of the comb _80_ you? 71.A. dont have   B. are going to have   C. have not   D. arent 72.A. in   B. in the    C. the     D. on 73.A. to   B. with  &

63、#160;  C. in      D. for 74.A. early B. earlier   C. earliest  D. the earliest 75.A. to   B. along    C. on     D. out 76.A. near  B. after     C. behind  D. in front of 77.A. you&

64、#160;  B. mine    C. my     D. yours78.A. other  B. the other   C. others   D. another 79. A. in    B. on      C. at      D. with 80. A. for    B. about

65、60;   C. on     D. with  VII閱讀理解觀察時刻表，根據(jù)圖表中的信息，選擇正確答案。81. Of all the MF trains, the _ train takes the least (最少)time to get to London.    A. 1045   B. all the same一樣  C. 0845    D. 072582. The _ train takes the longest time as _.    A. 1030; you have to change trains  B. 0910; it is the cheapest    C. 0845; it is the cheapest    D. 0645; it goes straight直接to Leeds 83. You can take the _ train with cheap fare from Monday to Saturday.   &