SH 30972000石油化工靜電接地設計規(guī)范

1、UDC SHSHSHIndustrial Standard of the Peoples Republic of ChinaP SH 3097-2000Issued by The State Bureau of Petroleum & Chemical IndustryCode for the Design of Static Electricity Grounding For Petrochemical Industry石油化工靜電接地設計規(guī)范石油化工靜電接地設計規(guī)范Issued on 06/30/2000 Implemented from 10/01/2000Industrial

2、Standard of the Peoples Republic of ChinaCode for the Design of Static Electricity Grounding For Petrochemical IndustrySH 3097-2000Chief editorial unit : Beijing Petrochemical Engineering Co., China Petrochemical Group CorporationChief editorial department : China Petrochemical Group CorporationAppr

3、oved by : State Bureau of Petroleum & Chemical IndustryBeijing 2000PrefaceThis code is prepared under the general editorship of the Company in accordance with (1995) Jain-Biao-Zi No. 269 document of SINOPEC.The code is divided into four chapters and two appendices. The major contents include: th

4、e range and methods of static electricity grounding and the grounding resistance requirements for the electrostatic grounding system; general provisions regarding grounding terminals, earth plates, grounding branches, connection lines, grounding body and connection details for static electricity gro

5、unding; and specific provisions about the static electricity hazard locations in petrochemical enterprises. In the course of preparation, wide range investigations and studies were made and the practical experience in the design (construction) of electrostatic grounding for petrochemical industry in

6、 recent years was summarized. Some contents concerning the range of electrostatic grounding, the electrification of non-conductors, as well as the classification of substances and related methods were drawn from advanced international standards (the Guide to Static Electricity Safety of Japan,1998,

7、the Code for Electrostatic Work NFPA77-93 of the U.S., the Prevention of Ignition by Static Electricity, Lightning and Stray Current APIRP2003-91 of the U.S. and the General Code for Static Electricity Protection BS5958-1983 of the U.K., etc.). The main issues herein had been discussed for multiple

8、times before the draft was reviewed and finalized.If any modification or supplementation is found necessary during implementation of this code, please submit relevant comments and documents to the Company for reference when revision is made in the future.The address of the Company: 21 Anyuan, Anhuib

9、eili, Chaoyang District, BeijingPostcode: 100101Chief editorial unit of the code: Beijing Petrochemical Engineering Co., China Petrochemical Group CorporationParticipating units: Safety Technology Research Institute, China Petroleum and Natural Gas GroupLuoyang Petrochemical Engineering Company, Chi

10、na Petrochemical Group CorporationShanghai Jinshan Petrochemical Engineering Company, China Petrochemical Group CorporationMain draftsman: Zhang Jie, Tan Feng Gui, Yu Changyi, Zhu YaoxiangTable of Contents1 General.12 Terminology.23 General Specifications.63.1 Scope of electrostatic grounding.63.2 E

11、lectrostatic grounding method.63.3 Grounding resistance of the electrostatic grounding system.73.4 Electrostatic grounding terminal and earth plate.73.5 Branches and connection lines for electrostatic grounding.83.6 Electrostatic grounding bus and grounding body.83.7 Connection of electrostatic grou

12、nding.94 Specific Specifications.104.1 Stationary equipment.104.2 Storage tank.104.3 Piping system.114.4 Railway platform and tank wagon.114.5 Bus station platform and tank truck.124.6 Dock.124.7 Powder processing, storage and transport equipment.134.8 Gas and steam ejection equipment.134.9 Chemical

13、 fiber equipment.144.10 Electrostatic grounding of human body.144.11 Electrostatic grounding for the computer room and electronic instrument room.14Appendix A Test Method for Electrostatic Grounding.15Appendix B Cautions for Electrostatic Grounding Work.17Forms of Verbs.18SH 3097-200011 General1.0.1

14、This code is drawn up in order to prevent and reduce the static electricity hazard and ensure safety operation of petrochemical enterprises by implementing the guideline of “prevention first” and taking static electricity protection measures in the petrochemical design so as to realize technically s

15、ophisticated, cost effective, safe and applicable design.1.0.2This code applies to the design of electrostatic grounding for newly built, reconstructed and expanded projects with static electricity hazards of petrochemical enterprises. 1.0.3Electrostatic grounding is one of the main measures against

16、 static electricity hazard. The static electricity protection design of petrochemical enterprises shall be made through cooperation between and comprehensive consideration by process, piping, equipment, storage, ventilation and electrical specialties, with the following measures against static elect

17、ricity hazard to be taken: 1Improve the process conditions and avoid as much as possible generation of large quantity of electrostatic charge during production and storage; 2Prevent accumulation of static electricity and try to provide dissipation path for electrostatic charge, with enough dissipati

18、on time, to let out the electrostatic charge; 3Choose static electricity removal devices suitable for different environment to neutralize and dissipate the electrostatic charge accumulated on the electrified body; 4Shield or shield with compartment the electrified body, with the shielding body to be

19、 reliably grounded; 5In the design of process installations or fabrication of equipment, conditions with high energy electrostatic discharge shall be avoided. For example, slender conductive protruding objects and ungrounded isolated conductors shall be avoided in a vessel; 6Improve the environment

20、around the electrified body and control the concentration of flammable substances in the gas to keep it under the explosion limit; 7Prevent electrification of human body.1.0.4The design of electrostatic grounding shall not only conform to this code, but also meet the stipulations under relevant curr

21、ent mandatory national codes and standards.Calculation of the grounding resistance of an electrostatic grounding body shall meet relevant stipulations under the current national standard Code for Grounding Design of Industrial and Civil Electrical Installations GBJ65-83.SH 3097-200022 Terminology2.0

22、1Industrial static electricityStatic electricity means the electric charge that is in a relatively static state as observed by the observer. The magnetic field effect caused by it may be ignored, as compared with the electric field effect. Static electricity can be produced in such physical courses

23、as the contact and separation of substances, electrostatic induction, medium polarization and adhesion of electrified micro-particles. The industrial static electricity is one produced and accumulated on materials, installations, human body, devices and structures during production, storage and tran

24、sportation.2.0.2Electrified bodyAn object or system with unequal quantities of positive and negative electric charges, demonstrating the characteristics of electricity to the outside world.2.0.3Electrified areaThe part of an electrified body where static electricity is accumulated.2.0.4Electrostatic

25、 characteristic parameters for substances 1volume resistivityIt means the physical quantity of the internal conducting characteristics of an object. It is the resistance of material at unit cross sectional area and unit length, with Ohm meter ( m) as the unit. 2Surface resistivityIt means the physic

26、al quantity of the surface conducting characteristics of an object. It is the resistance between two opposite sides of a square material, independent of the thickness of the object and the size of the square, with the ohm () as the unit. 3ConductivityIt means the physical quantity of the conducting

27、characteristics of a material. The product of its multiplication by the electric field strength is equal to the density of conduction current, i.e. E = j. The unit of conductivity is Siemens meter (S/m).2.0.5Electrostatic electrification, accumulation and dissipation 1Electrostatic electrificationTh

28、e course during which, due to contact and separation of the object, electrostatic induction, medium polarization and adhesion of electrified micro-particles, the object loses its balance of positive and negative charges or has an uneven distribution of charges so as to demonstrate electrification in

29、 a macroscopic way. 2Electrostatic accumulationThe course during which, due to some electrification factors, the rate of electrostatic electrification exceeds that of electrostatic dissipation on the object so as to demonstrate accumulation of electrostatic charges on the same. 3Electrostatic leakag

30、eSH 3097-20003The course during which the electric charges on the electrified body are conducted to the ground through the electrified body itself or any other object so that all or part of them disappear. 4Electrostatic dissipation decayThe course during which all or part of the electric charges on

31、 the electrified body disappear due to electrostatic neutralization, electrostatic leakage or electrostatic discharge. 5Time of repose; time of restDuring the production carried out in a location where the static electricity hazard exists, the time interval required between stop of the equipments op

32、eration and dissipation of the static electricity on the material (normally as liquid) to lower than the safety value so that the next step of operation is allowed. 6Relaxation time of chargeThe time required for the electric charge (or potential) on the electrified body to dissipate (or reduce) to

33、l/e of its initial value. 7Stray currentAny current that does not flow through the designated path, with the undesignated paths to be the ground, any pipeline in contact with the ground or any other metal object or structure.2.0.6Electrostatic discharge phenomena 1Electrostatic dischargeThe phenomen

34、on that all or part of the charges on the electrified body disappear due to ionization of the medium, when the field strength around the electrified body exceeds the field strength of the medium around at insulation breakdown. 2Electrostatic discharge energyThe total energy released through electros

35、tatic discharge by the electrostatic field formed by the electrified body. 3Corona dischargeThe glow discharge that occurs in an uneven electric field with high field strength. During the corona discharge, the pole is surrounded by a weakly glowing corona ring. 4Brush dischargeA form of discharge th

36、at occurs in the air medium between an insulator with large electrification quantity and a conductor. The discharge path for this discharge form is not concentrated and is in a shape of branches. 5Brush discharge with propagation formA form of discharge with concentrated discharge energy, high ignit

37、ability and acousto-optic characteristics, which occurs on the electrostatic non-conductor under the circumstances that the electrification speed is high or the electrostatic non-conductor is lined with a grounding conductor on the back. 6Spark dischargeSH 3097-20004A phenomenon of transient dischar

38、ge with transient flashing and concentrated path that occurs when the air or any other dielectric material between the two poles is suddenly broken down, resulting in rapid rise of current and rapid drop of voltage. 7Discharge at sharp pointA phenomenon of discharge that occurs where the curvature r

39、adius of the conductor is very small. 2.0.7Materials 1Static conductorA kind of material with low resistivity, on which it is difficult for the static charge to accumulate unless it is insulated from the ground. 2Static non-conductorA kind of material with very high resistivity, on which enough quan

40、tity of static charge can be accumulated so as to bring about various kinds of electrostatic phenomena. 3Static conductive materialMaterials with high conductivity, such as metal and carbon, and materials that render the object static conductive using other methods (such as adding conductive materia

41、ls into the insulation material, etc.). 4Anti-static fabricA fabric preventing accumulation of static electricity, which is formed or produced through utilization of some technology to reduce the conductivity on the fabric surface. 2.0.8Electrostatic safety and disaster prevention 1Electrostatic saf

42、etyStates and conditions under which no personal injury, damage of equipment or loss of property caused by any electrostatic phenomenon will occur during the production and in various environments (systems). 2Electrostatic accidentAny phenomenon or event of failure or damage of the production system

43、, equipment, technological process, material and product ( such as reduction of productivity, poor quality of products, loss of effect and breaking, etc.) due to the effect of some electrostatic phenomenon. 3Electrostatic disasterAny phenomenon or accident of property loss or personal injury caused

44、by electrostatic discharge (such as fire, explosion, electrostatic shock and any secondary accident caused thereby). 4Electrostatic shockThe pathological and physiological effect resulting from passing through the human body by a transient impulse current which is produced from the electrostatic dis

45、charge by the electrified body to the human body or by the static electrified human body to the grounded conductor, or between different human bodies. 5Secondary accidentAny phenomenon or event of injury of persons who lose their balance due to the electrostatic shock and fall SH 3097-20005from high

46、 places or come into contact with other obstacles; or of expansion of the existing fire or explosion due to the effect of electrostatic shock. 6Area of static electricity hazardsA general description of all such process operation places where explosive mixture that can be ignited by static electrici

47、ty exists in the air or direct processing, treatment and operation of such mixture are carried out.2.0.9Electrostatic grounding 1Electrostatic grounding systemThe external leading-out path for leakage and dissipation of the electric charge from the electrified body to the ground. 2Direct static grou

48、ndingA method of grounding the object through a metal conductor to the ground. 3Indirect static groundingA method of grounding the object to the ground through a non-metal conducting material or an anti-static material and an anti-static product. 4ConnectionA measure for conductive connection of obj

49、ects without any proper conduction path between each other to bring them to a similar potential. 5Classification of resistances of electrostatic grounding aleakage resistance of static electricityThe total resistance to the ground at the measured point of the object when the object is not electrifie

50、d. bgrounding resistance of static electricityThe resistance to the ground of the electrostatic grounding system.The direct electrostatic grounding resistance is the sum of the resistance to the ground of the grounding body or natural grounding body and that of the grounding line. The indirect elect

51、rostatic grounding resistance is the total resistance between the grounding pole of the grounded object and the ground, depending mainly on the resistance of the conductive or anti-static material or the anti-static product.SH 3097-200063 General Specifications3.1 Scope of electrostatic grounding3.1

52、.1Electrostatic grounding measures shall be taken where static electricity hazards will be caused by possible generation and accumulation of static electricity on the equipment, pipelines, operation tools and human body during production, processing and storage.3.1.2When electrostatic grounding is m

53、ade, grounding of the following parts must be paid special attention to: 1Conductors that are installed inside the equipment and can not be inspected from outside in normal cases; 2Metal parts mounted on an insulated object; 3Conductors used together with the insulated object; 4Conductors insulated

54、with coating or powder; 5Conductors easy to be corroded and cause poor contact; 6Conductors suspending on the liquid surface.3.1.3The ground of various static electricity eliminators shall be grounded according to the requirements of the product instruction manual.3.1.4In the following cases, specia

55、l electrostatic grounding measures (except for computers and electronic instruments) do not have to be taken: 1When the metal conductor is already electrically connected to the grounding system of lightning protection, electrical protection, stray current protection and electromagnetic shield; 2When

56、 such metal conductors as the metal structures, metal pipelines and steel bars of structures embedded under ground have close mechanical connection with each other and there is always sufficient electrostatic conductivity between the metal contact surfaces under any conditions; 3When the metal pipe

57、section is already provided with cathodic protection.3.2 Electrostatic grounding method3.2.1For an object requiring electrostatic grounding, one of the following electrostatic grounding methods shall be selected according to the type of the object: 1The electrostatic conductor shall be provided with

58、 direct electrostatic grounding using a metal conductor. 2The human body and movable equipment shall be provided with indirect electrostatic grounding using non-metal conducting material or anti-static material and anti-static product. 3The electrostatic non-conductor shall be provided not only with

59、 indirect electrostatic grounding, but also with other anti-static measures.SH 3097-200073.3 Grounding resistance of the electrostatic grounding system3.3.1The electrostatic grounding resistance of the electrostatic grounding system shall be no greater than 106. The resistance of the special electro

60、static grounding body to the ground shall be no greater than 100 and, in mountain areas and so on with higher soil conductivity, shall be no greater than 1000.3.3.2In case any other grounding device is used concurrently as the electrostatic grounding, its grounding resistance shall be determined according t