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1、五種英語基本句型 句子成分由詞或詞組充當 英語的基本成分有七種 主語(subject)、謂語(predicate)、表語(predicative)、 賓語(object)、定語(attribute )、狀語(adverbial) 補語(complement) o 英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。 掌握這五種 基本句型,是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎 三:S V O (主+謂+賓) 四:S V o O (主+謂+間賓+直賓) 五:S V O C (主+謂+賓+賓補) 句子成分 (一) 句子成分的定義:構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成

2、分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。 (二) 主語:主語是一個句子所敘述的主體, 一般位于句首。但在there be結構、疑問句(當 主語不是疑問詞時)和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由 名詞、 代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名詞) We often speak English in class.(代詞) (三) 謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有

3、的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在 主語之后。謂語的構成如下: 1、 簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如: He practicesru nning every morni ng. 2、 復合謂語:(1)由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。 女口: You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系動詞加表語構成。如: We are students 基本句型一:S V (主+謂) 主語:可以作主語的成分有名詞,主格代詞,動詞不定式,動名詞等等。主語一般在句首。 謂語:謂語由動詞構成,是英語時態(tài)、

4、語態(tài)變化的主角,一般在主語之后。 不及物動詞(vi.) 沒有賓語,形成主謂結構, S | V (不及物動詞) 1. The sun | rose. 2. Who | cares? 3. What he said | does not matter. 4. They | talked for half an hour. 5. The pen | writes smoothly 6. Tina | was sleeping when I returned home 此句型的句子有一個共同特點,即句子的謂語動詞 都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞, 后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。 基

5、本句型二:S V P (主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一個共同的特點:句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思,必須加上一 個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構成復合謂語,才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動 !詞。 系動詞分兩類: be, look, keep, seem等,表情況; get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類,表變 化。 be本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。 感官動詞多可用作連系動詞: look well/面色好,sound nice/聽起來不錯,feel good感覺好, smell bad/難聞 taste delicious味

6、道美 (四) 表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、 特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動詞 (如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、 動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如: Our teacher of English is an American.(名詞) Is it yours?(代詞) The weather has turned cold.(形容詞) The speech is exciting.(分詞) Three times seven is twenty one?(數詞) His job

7、is to teach English.(不定式) S | V (是系動詞)|P(表語) 1. This | is | an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner | smells | good. 3. He | fell | in love. 4. Everything | looks | different. 5. He | is growing | tall and strong. 6. Our well | has gone | dry. 7. His face | turned | red. (二)挑出下列句中的表語 -The old m

8、an was feeling very tired. -The leaves have turned yellow. -Soon They all became interested in the subject. 基本句型三:S V O (主+謂+賓) 此句型句子的共同特點是:謂語動詞 都具有實義,都是主語產生的動作,但不能表達完整 的意思,必須跟有一個賓語,即動作的承受者,才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。 (五) 賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承受者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如: They went to see an exhibition (展覽)yesterday.(名詞) T

9、hey helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞) He pretended not to see me (不定式短語) I think (that) he is fit for his office.(賓語從句) 賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語 +直接賓語),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please. (2 )復合賓語(賓語 + 賓補),例如:They elected him their monitor. S | V (及物動詞)| 0(賓語) 1. Who | knows | the answe

10、r? 2. He | has refused | to help them. 3. He | enjoys | reading. 4. He | said | Good morning. 5. He | admits | that he was mistaken. 一)挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the schoo

11、l want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. 基本句型 四:S V o O (主+謂+間賓+直賓) 有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語, eg: give/pass/bring/show。這兩個賓語通常一個指人(間接 賓語);一個指物(直接賓語)。 -Give me a cup of tea please. -Show this house to Mr. Smith. -Bring it to me, please. S | V (及物)丨。(多指人) 丨0(多指物) 1.

12、She | ordered | herself | a new dress. 2. He | brought | you | a dictionary. 3. I | showed | him | my pictures. 4. I | told | him | that the bus was late. 5. He | showed | me | how to run the machine. 基本句型五:S V O C (主+謂+賓+賓補) 此句型的句子的共同特點是:動詞雖然是及物動詞,但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的 意思,必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語,才能使意思完整。這種成分就能叫

13、 賓語補足語:帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為:某些及物動詞(如 make等+賓語+賓補)。賓 補可由名詞、形容詞、畐恫、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如: His father named him Dongming.(名詞) They painted their boat white.(形容詞) 名詞/代詞賓格+ n./adj./介詞短語/動詞不定式/分詞 The war made him a soldier.(名詞) New methods make the job easy.(形容詞) I often find him at work.(介詞短語) The teacher asked t

14、he students to close the windows.不 定式) I saw a cat running across the road.(分詞) S | V (及物)| 0(賓語)| C (賓補) 1. They | painted | the door | green. 2. This | set | them | thinking. 3. They | found | the house | deserted. 4. He | asked | me | to come back soon. 5. I | saw | them | getting on the bus. (四)

15、挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. (四)挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in t

16、he reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. (四)挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr

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