高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、第五講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)1不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作， 而不定式作主語(yǔ)則表示具體的、某一次的行為。 Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering.在這種工作條件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。(習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作)To complete the program needs much effort. 完成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃需要很大的努力。 (具體的動(dòng)作)(2)常用動(dòng)名詞或不定式作主語(yǔ)的句型有：As is known to us, its no use complaining

2、 without taking action. 眾所周知， 只抱怨不采取行動(dòng)沒(méi)用。 Its important for the figures to be updated regularly. 定期更新數(shù)據(jù)是很重要的。 2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)(1)不定式、動(dòng)名詞都可以作表語(yǔ)， 但動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)多指抽象的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作； 而不定式則多表示具體的動(dòng)作， 尤其是某一次的動(dòng)作。 What he did in the meeting was chatting with Mary. 他在會(huì)議上所做的事情是與瑪麗談話。 My job is to clean the house three times a week

3、. 我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。 (2)get, become, look, seem, appear等系動(dòng)詞后可跟過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)， 表示被動(dòng)或主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。 This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldnt get discouraged right after failures. 溫斯頓·丘吉爾的這句名言告訴我們， 失敗后我們絕不能氣餒。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)(1)有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后通常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)， 巧記如下： 想要干： want, wish, hope, expect, se

4、ek, attempt, aim, claim, would like/love, desire早打算： plan, prepare, arrange同意否： agree, promise, undertake, offer, refuse問(wèn)問(wèn)看： ask, beg決定了： decide, determine, make up ones mind, be determined盡力干： manage(反義詞fail), struggle, strive努力做： make an effort別裝蒜： pretend此外， learn, choose, afford, happen, wait等也常

5、用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。 All the factors considered, we decided to offer the job to Li Wei, a man of rich experience. 把所有的因素都考慮進(jìn)去后， 我們決定把這份工作給李偉， 一個(gè)很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人。 (2)表示下列含義的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)， 巧記如下： 考慮建議盼原諒： consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想： admit, delay/put off, fancy避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練： avoid, miss, kee

6、p/keep on, practice否認(rèn)完成停止賞： deny, finish, stop, enjoy/appreciate不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡： cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象： forbid, risk, imagine此外， feel like, devote to, be/get used to, object to, set about, insist on, pay attention to, stick to, be busy (in), have difficulties/trouble (in)等動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后也接動(dòng)名詞作賓

7、語(yǔ)。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我回避提及這個(gè)問(wèn)題， 以免冒犯他。 (3)有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)既可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)， 也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)， 但表示的含義不同。 meanforgetregrettrygo onremembercant helpWe still remember once having been taken round the famous tower when we were young. 我們?nèi)匀挥浀迷谖覀兡贻p的時(shí)候我們?cè)?jīng)被領(lǐng)著參觀那座著名的塔。 2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)

8、分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)， 句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯主語(yǔ)， 該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行中的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作， 即動(dòng)作過(guò)程的一部分。 可以接這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。 I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 我抬頭注意到一條蛇正蜿蜒著爬上樹(shù)去捕捉它的早餐。 Listen! Do you hear some

9、one calling for help? 聽(tīng)！ 你聽(tīng)到有人正在呼喊救命了嗎？ 過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)， 句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯賓語(yǔ)， 表示被動(dòng)和完成， 該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. 詹尼希望史密斯先生給出一個(gè)好的建議以使她的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作在短期內(nèi)得到提升。 (2)with賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)with賓語(yǔ)doing(表示主動(dòng)且進(jìn)行)with賓語(yǔ)done(表示被動(dòng)且完成)

10、with賓語(yǔ)to do(表示將來(lái))The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步， 他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。 With a lot of people opposing the new proposal, the government postponed it.因?yàn)楹芏嗳说姆磳?duì)，政府延遲了這項(xiàng)新提案。With these clothes to wash, I cant go out. 有這么多衣服要洗， 我不能出去。 非謂

11、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)， 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句， 分詞與所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系， 表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行。 單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)要前置， 分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)要后置。 There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座門(mén)通往花園。 2過(guò)去分詞(done)作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)， 被修飾的名詞與分詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 表示被動(dòng)或完成。 Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 清華大學(xué)建立于1911年，

12、是許多杰出人物的搖籃。 3不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)通常要放在被修飾的詞后， 往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 (1)不定式一般式的主動(dòng)形式(to do)作定語(yǔ)， 表示將要發(fā)生的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。 不定式一般式的被動(dòng)形式(to be done)作定語(yǔ)， 表示將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我們被邀請(qǐng)參加下星期五在我們俱樂(lè)部舉辦的晚會(huì)。 (2)不定式用來(lái)修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no, all, any等限定的中心詞， 且與中心詞為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 He is always the first to ar

13、rive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他總是第一個(gè)到校， 最后一個(gè)離校。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)1不定式作狀語(yǔ)(1)表示目的(2015·北京高考單項(xiàng)填空) To catch the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 為了趕上早班航班， 我們提前預(yù)訂了出租車(chē)， 并且起得很早。 (2)表示結(jié)果不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果， 動(dòng)詞不定式前面常加only。 George returned after the war, only

14、 to be told that his wife had left him. 喬治戰(zhàn)后歸來(lái)， 卻被告知他的妻子已經(jīng)離他而去。 (3)表示原因He was astonished to hear the terrible news. 聽(tīng)到那條可怕的消息他感到震驚。 2分詞作狀語(yǔ)形式意義doing與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系， 與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生， 表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行having done與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系， 先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生， 表示主動(dòng)、完成done與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 表完成； 用作形容詞的過(guò)去分詞表狀態(tài)beingdone與句中主語(yǔ)為

15、邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生， 表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行， 意為“正在被” havingbeendone與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 先于句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生， 表示被動(dòng)、完成Distinguished for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world.由于以勤勞勇敢著稱(chēng)，所以中華民族吸引了來(lái)自世界的關(guān)注。 (表原因)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier f

16、or people to travel from one place to another. 中國(guó)又建了很多高速公路， 這使人們的出行變得更容易了。 (表結(jié)果)Having accompanied her home，he went to work again.已經(jīng)陪她回到家，他又去工作了。Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 我那天晚上因?yàn)楸灰蠹影喽e(cuò)過(guò)了一場(chǎng)精彩的電影。 (被動(dòng)意義， 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前) 單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2015·天津高考單項(xiàng)填空

17、)_(absorb) in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.答案：Absorbed2(2016·山東臨沂二模)The starter holds the activity, _(hope) people can experience the ALS patients pain. In the activity, people need to pour the ice water down from their heads, and then propose another three people.答案：hoping3(

18、2016·江西南昌調(diào)研)George Crum was the cook there. Many rich people often came to the restaurant_(enjoy) his cooking. 答案：to enjoy4(2016·濰坊高考模擬)Forest fires are often caused by_(break) glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. 答案：broken5. (2015·全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空)Abercrombie & K

19、ent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people_(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 答案：living6(2016·河北保定二模)From then on, his fear of talking before a big audience disappeared. Actually Jack had his confidence _(build) up. Now he turns out to be a good

20、 speaker. 答案：built7The peace talks broke down with no agreement _(reach)答案：reached8(2015·全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without_(use) electric equipment.答案：using 單句改錯(cuò)1Its quite hot today. Do you fe

21、el like go for a swim？gogoing2When we saw the road blocking with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.blockingblocked3Founding in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.FoundingFounded4They might just have a place leaving on the writing coursewhy dont yo

22、u give it a try？leavingleft5Even though it costs a lot of money, they have no choice but purchase the big house.在but后加to,學(xué)生用書(shū)P266) 單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2016·太原五中階段檢測(cè))Scientists have discovered that _(stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. 答案：staying2(2014·安徽高考單項(xiàng)填空)While waiting for the opportunit

23、y to get_(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty. 答案：promoted3As is known to all, it is no good_(learn) without practice. 答案：learning4(2016·濟(jì)南高考模擬)One day when Laennec was walking in the park, he saw some girls _(play) with a see­saw(蹺蹺板). 答案：playing5(2015·福建高考單項(xiàng)填空)_(learn)

24、more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 答案：To learn6(2015·重慶高考單項(xiàng)填空)_(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 答案：Raised7(2016·山東日照二模)In most cases, a healthy diet can help you decreas

25、e the risk of_(get) some diseases like diabetes and cancer. 答案：getting8(2016·濰坊二模)This allowed people_(have) a day or two out now and then, which gave them a taste for leisure and seaside. 答案：to have9(2016·濟(jì)南第二次調(diào)研)While she was in Kenya, she would hear strange noises_(make) by Mlaika after

26、 sunset. 答案：made10(2016·濟(jì)寧模擬)With a lot of work_(do), she wasnt allowed to leave her office. 答案：to do11(2016·河南羅山高中二模)Though they did all they could_(help) them but times were tough for them.答案：to help12(2016·河南羅山高中二模)They thanked me over and over and the cashier was moved to tears_(s

27、ay) there was an angel in her line today. 答案：saying13(2016·臨沂二模)It is an activity _(hold) by an American charity organization. 答案：held14(2016·濟(jì)南模擬)A major accident in southern Sweden happened today. Its reported that this afternoon a ship crashed into a bridge. Unluckily, seven cars and si

28、x trucks are said_(fall) into the water. 答案：to have fallen15(2016·太原第二次調(diào)研)Animals that are able to copy sounds may enjoy_(practice) new sounds. When they are kept outside of their natural environment, they may copy unusual sounds. 答案：practicing 單句改錯(cuò)1(2016·浙江重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體聯(lián)考)But now we often discu

29、ss and try to solve the problems raising by the teachers or ourselves. raisingraised2(2016·江西六校聯(lián)考)The ability express ones idea somehow decides how far one can get along in ones college. express前加to3(2016·安徽合肥一模)Even when it comes to shake hands, ladies come first. shakeshaking4(2016·

30、河北保定模擬)The express company will get all these goods received delivering to the customers today. deliveringdelivered5(2014·遼寧高考短文改錯(cuò))It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside. understandingunderstand6(2016·浙江杭州質(zhì)檢)First of all, living in a dormitory will develop

31、 your ability of living independently and solve problems by yourself. solvesolving7(2016·山西大學(xué)附中月考)I was sitting in the garden, read the Sunday newspaper and expecting a couple of hours of peace. readreading8(2016·江西臨川期中)At present, Im busy review my lessons in order to take the College Ent

32、rance Examination. reviewreviewing 語(yǔ)法填空(2016·貴州檢測(cè))In Canada, Fathers Day is celebrated with a lot of enthusiasm. Fathers Day in Canada is also celebrated 1._ the third Sunday of June. Just as in the U. S. , people in Canada too wear roses 2._ (express) gratitude to their fathers. 3._ (tradition

33、al), if a person is wearing a red rose, it symbolizes the persons father is alive. Likewise, a white rose 4._ (mean) that the persons father has passed away. Children in Canada express affection and honor to their dads by 5._ (present) them cards, flowers and chocolates. In modern times, several oth

34、er gifts of love including shirts, stationery items etc. 6._ (give) to fathers. Another noticeable trend about Fathers Day celebration in Canada is 7._ apart from their biological father people wish “Happy Fathers Day” to their grandfathers, uncles or any other man who is as 8._ (love) towards them

35、as a father. Great popularity of Fathers Day has turned the occasion commercial to a significant degree. Days before the festival, markets wear 9._ festival look as gift and card sellers try to attract people. Dining out with family is another popular Fathers Day tradition in Canada. No wonder 10._

36、(restaurant) witness a great rush on the occasion. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文， 主要介紹了加拿大的父親節(jié)。 1on解析： 考查介詞。 在具體某一天應(yīng)用介詞on。 2to express解析： 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 為了表達(dá)對(duì)父親的感激， 加拿大人也戴玫瑰。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意可知， 空處在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)， 故用不定式。 3Traditionally解析： 考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。 此處需要副詞修飾整個(gè)句子， 故用Traditionally。 4means解析： 考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。 此處表示一般情況且主語(yǔ)為“a white rose” , 故用means。

37、5presenting解析： 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 介詞by后跟動(dòng)名詞。 此處表示加拿大的孩子通過(guò)給父親送卡片、花和巧克力來(lái)表達(dá)他們對(duì)父親的喜愛(ài)和尊重。 6are given解析： 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。 主語(yǔ)several other gifts of love是復(fù)數(shù)概念， 與give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 且描述的是一般情況， 故用are given。 7that解析： 考查表語(yǔ)從句。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， 空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句， 且從句句子成分和句意完整， 故用that。 8loving解析： 考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。 空處在句中作表語(yǔ)， 且用來(lái)描述人， 故應(yīng)用其形容詞形式loving表示“愛(ài)意的， 鐘愛(ài)的” 。 9a解析： 考查冠詞。 此處表示泛指， 且festival是以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的， 故用a。 10resta