（整理版高中英語）Module5Unit2Newwordsandexpressions

1、module 5 unit 2 new words and expressionspart 1 words from page 22 to 251. debatedebate既可用作名詞，又可用作動詞，意為“辯論，爭辯，爭論。用作名詞時有如下用法：after a long debate david was chosen captain of our school football team. the proposal under debate was put forward by our monitor. 用作動詞時，過去式和過去分詞分別是debated，debated；現(xiàn)在分詞為debati

2、ng。常構(gòu)成短語debate about sth. with sb. 意為“與某人爭論某事等。舉例如下：what are they debating about? they were debating whether to go to the mountains or to the seaside for their holidays? before we make a final decision, we must debate the question with the rest of the members. we debated for more than an hour on the

3、 advantages and disadvantages of that plan to protect our environment. 名詞debater的意思是辯論者2. laylay在本單元是用作動詞，意思有“產(chǎn)卵，下蛋，放置，擺放等。其過去式、過去分詞分別為laid，laid， 現(xiàn)在分詞是laying。lay的主要用法有：how many eggs does the hen lay each week? new laid eggs, one dollar each dozen. she laid her hand on my shoulder. please lay down yo

4、ur pens and just listen to me carefully. i carefully laid my new jacket on the bed.then both sides started laying the blame on each other.why dont you lay that problem aside for a while and think about it later?he was willing to lay down his life for his country.lay構(gòu)成的詞組(1)please lay the table for d

5、inner. 擺設(shè)餐具(2)the couple laid aside some money for their old age. 儲蓄(3)the president laid great emphasis on would peace. 放重點在上(4)dont lay all the blame for the accident on me. 歸罪于(5)some workers were laid off because of a shortage of materials. 暫時解雇注意lay與lie的區(qū)別。lie 有兩種意思，一是“說謊，過去式、過去分詞分別為lied，lied；現(xiàn)

6、在分詞是lying；二是“位于，躺，過去式、過去分詞分別為lay，lain；現(xiàn)在分詞是lying。(1)please lay the book where it lay.(2)the little boy lied that he had laid the egg laid by the hen lying under the tree in the box.3. approachapproach既可用作及物動詞，又可用作不及物動詞，意為“接近，靠近，分別可指距離上、時間上，或某種狀態(tài)上的接近。如：the little boy approached the mouse quietly and

7、watched it. as summer approached, the weather became hotter and hotter.his work is approaching perfection. he is rather difficult to approach. its not easy to get on friendly terms with him. approach也可用作名詞，指“接近，漸近或“人易、難親近。如：the birds flew away in all directions at my approach. the approach of the ex

8、amination made him nervous. my class teacher is easy of approach. 4. beneficialbeneficial是形容詞，意為“有益的，有利的，有幫助的，是正式用語。常構(gòu)成短語“be beneficial to ，意為“對有幫助的，如：enough sleep, good food and some exercise are beneficial to the health. i hope this holiday will be beneficial for my husband, who is under high pres

9、sure of work.beneficial的名詞和動詞都是benefit。作為名詞時，意為“利益，幫助，恩惠，益處，常構(gòu)成短語be of benefit to，意為“對有裨益；以及for the benefit of，意為“為了的利用，用法如下：i got a lot of benefit from traveling around the world. these collected money will be used for the benefit of the people from flood-stricken areas. benefit既可用作及物動詞，又可作不及物動詞，意為

10、“有益于；對有益，因得到利益。如：the project for environmental protection will benefit us enormously. i benefited a lot from my teachers advice. 5. productionproduction 作不可數(shù)名詞時，意為“生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)出，產(chǎn)量，生產(chǎn)量。如：the company is famous for the production of mobile phones. production has been increased by using better methods. this ty

11、pe of cars is produced in mass production. production的動詞是produce，意為“生產(chǎn)；形容詞是“productive，意為“多產(chǎn)的；另外一個名詞是可數(shù)名詞product，意為“產(chǎn)品，生產(chǎn)物，如：what are the chief farm products in your province? 6. responsibilityresponsibility是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“責(zé)任，職責(zé)，負責(zé)，如：he dont have a sense of responsibility, so he isnt popular with his clas

12、smates. he tried to avoid taking responsibility for the accident. it is the responsibility of every of us to protect our environment. responsible是形容詞，意為“有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)負責(zé)任的，如：parents are responsible for their childrens safety. who is responsible for the mess in the classroom? isnt he too young for such a res

13、ponsible job? 7. effectiveeffective是形容詞，意為“有效的，如：the local government has already taken some effective measure to develop the city without damaging the ecosystem.this medicine is highly effective against bird-flu. the new law becomes effective on october 1st. effective的比擬級和最高級分別為“more effective和“the

14、 most effective。 其副詞為effectively，意為“有效地。反義詞是ineffective，意為“無效的；名詞是effect，意為“成效，作用，常構(gòu)成詞組have a/an effect on，意為“對產(chǎn)生的作用。effect一詞的用法舉例如下：this medicine had a good/a bad/a side/an ill/an instant/a negative effect on that patient. punishment had very little effect on those factories, which created harmful

15、waste. the plans of protecting the endangered animals will soon be carried into effect. 8. willingwilling是形容詞，意為“樂意的，自愿的。如：are you willing that he should be admitted into our club? are they willing workers for environmental protection? willing的比擬級和最高級分別是more willing和the most willing，其副詞是willingly，意為

16、“樂意地，名詞是“willingness，意為“心甘情愿，如：he gave up his seat to the old lady willingly. those volunteers showed great willingness to serve in the olympic games.9. figurefigure可用作名詞，意為“數(shù)字，如：it is reported that a lot of people in china are infected with aids. the figure is really incredible. he has an income of

17、 six figures. the price of the house is in seven figures. figure 用作名詞還有其他意思，如“圖形，身材，大人物等。如：the blackboard was covered with interesting figures. i take exercise every morning to keep my figure. bill gates is an outstanding figure in it. figure也可用作動詞，構(gòu)成詞組figure out，意為“計算出，理解，如：i cant figure out why sh

18、e dropped school. part 2 words from page 29 to 351. statestate在本單元用作名詞，意為“狀態(tài)，狀況，情形。用法如下：generally speaking, matter has three statessolid, liquid and gas.the patient is in a poor state of health. state用作名詞還可指“國家、構(gòu)成聯(lián)邦共和國的州、國家的。如：how many states are there in the united states of america? the railroads

19、belong to the state in this country. state也可用作動詞，意為“陳述、聲明。如：the visiting prime minister stated that several agreements had been reached during the state visit.2. shockedshock是及物動詞，意為“使震驚，使震動。the result of the tsunami is very shocking, with dead bodies here and there. i was shocked at the news of his

20、 sudden death. i was shocked to hear the news of his sudden death. shock 也可用作名詞，意為“震驚、沖擊、震動。如：the news of his sudden death was a great shock to us. three shocks of the earthquakes were felt last night. 拓展同shock一樣，還有一些不可數(shù)名詞，如success，failure，honor，danger， surprise等；當指具體的每個人或某件事時，前面可加a或an，如：liu xiang i

21、s really a great success. my class teacher turned up at my birthday party, which was really a big surprise. 3. disappointeddisappoint是及物動詞，意為“使失望。常以過去分詞disappointed作形容詞，意為“失望的，沮喪的，構(gòu)成詞組be disappointed at/about/with，意為“對而感到失望，及be disappointed to do sth.，意為“做而感到失望。用法舉例如下：the result of the experiment re

22、ally disappointed us. please dont disappoint me. what are you looking so disappointed about? he was disappointed to hear the news that his visa was refused. we were disappointed that our team had lost the game. disappointing 是形容詞，意為“讓人失望的，令人掃興的，如：how disappointing the weather this summer is! disappo

23、intment 是名詞，意為“失望，灰心，掃興，如：when he heard the bad news, his disappointment was obvious. much to my disappointment, the picnic was put off because of the bad weather. 4. shameshame在本單元用作名詞，意為“可恥的事或人時可用作可數(shù)名詞，“羞恥，羞愧時是不可數(shù)名詞。如：what a shame to take in the old lady! he was called a shame to his class for his

24、 cheating in the exam. to my shame, i made the same mistake again. the boy hung his head in shame. i felt shame at having told a lie. shameful 是形容詞，意為“可恥的，shamefully是副詞，意為“可恥的。5. arrivalarrival是名詞，意為“到達者；到達物；到達，到來。如：our time of arrival in sydney is eight oclock. on his arrival home, he kissed both o

25、f his kids. we are waiting for the arrival of the news. there are several new arrivals at the hotel. arrive 用作不及物動詞，意為“到達，抵達。arrive 后面加介詞at，那么為到達較小的場所，如：家、店、鎮(zhèn)等；后面加介詞in，那么為到達較大的地方，如：國家、大都市等；而on那么用于島嶼及現(xiàn)場等，如：when shall we arrive at the airport?ill phone you the time i arrive in new york.the police arri

26、ved on the scene in no time.it took them a long time to arrive at a conclusion.at last the day they had been looking forward to arrived.6. limited limited為形容詞，意為“有限的。如：his knowledge of history is rather limited.the limited edition made the stamp move valuable.you should drive within the limited spee

27、d in this area, otherwise youll be fined.limit 作名詞時，意為“極限，限度，界限。如：the task is too much for me. i know my limits.her patience reached its limit.if only the banks would lend money without limit?limit 作動詞時，意為“限制，限定。常用詞組limit sb./sth. to sth.，意為“把限制在內(nèi)。如：we must limit the expense to what we can afford.mo

28、ther limited us to an ice-cream each.7. decreaseddecrease既可作動詞用，又可作名詞用，反義詞為increase。作動詞時，意為“減少，使減退。如：thanks to the new traffic law, the number of traffic accident has decreased.the number of milu deer has decreased to 250 in that area.the conductor decreased the speed of the train because of the tra

29、ffic accident ahead.decrease 作名詞時，意為“減少的數(shù)量。詞組on the decrease相當于decreasing，意為“在減少中。如：there has been a decrease in the number of smokers this year.is theft on the decrease?8. equipmentequipment 是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“設(shè)備，器材，裝備。如：whats the cost of equipment?well visit a factory with modern equipment this afternoon.h

30、e spent much time and money on the equipment of his new house.equip 是動詞，意為“裝備于，使本身具備，過去式、過去分詞分別為equipped、equipped，現(xiàn)在分詞為equipping。用法舉例如下：shall we equip our office with a printer?we found our new school equipped with different kinds of sports facilities.the more we learn, the more equipped for dealing

31、 with all kinds of problems in the modern society we become.9. measuresmeasure 在本單元作可數(shù)名詞用，意為“措施，方法，通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。如：the took strong measures against dangerous drivers.the school has taken some measures to prevent cheating.measure 作名詞時，還有“尺寸，大小，基準等。如：i had a coat made to my own measure.i took the measure

32、of my study.wealth is not always the measure of success.measure 可用作動詞，意為“測量長度，大小，重量等，測定；測的尺寸。如：the tailor measured me for a suit.the policemen are measuring the speed of cars.穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：key: part 3 words on page 38 1. raisedraise 是及物動詞，在本單元意為“引發(fā)；提出。如：his long absence raised fears about his safety.the tsun

33、ami in indonesia raised concern both at home and abroad.the report on ufo raised the curiosity of the kids.does anyone have any points to raise?raise 還有許多其他意思 (1) please raise your hands if you are for the plan. 舉起，抬起(2) his father raised his voice in anger. 抬高，提高(3) the farmer raised 20 pigs and so

34、me chickens. 飼養(yǎng)家畜等(4) they raised enough money for the environmental production project. 籌款，籌措(5) they planned to raise a monument for the dead. 建立，建造注意：raise是及物動詞，其過去式、過去分詞分別為raised，raised；現(xiàn)在分詞是raising。而rise是不及物動詞，過去式、過去分詞分別為rose，risen；現(xiàn)在分詞是rising。請試著以raise和rise的不同形式填寫以下句子。(1) he told us that he wa

35、s raised by his aunt.(2) as we all know, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(3) the river has risen 3 inches since it rained.(4) he stood there with his right hand raised.(5) a great number of nations rose and fell in the course of history.(6) the price of a cup of coffee has risen/has b

36、een raised by ten cents.(7) i saw tears .rising to her eyes.(8) he rose to his feet, raising his voice in anger.2. concernconcern在本單元作名詞用，意為“關(guān)心，關(guān)注。如：the famous singer expressed particular concern for those children infected with aids.his greatest concern is whether the endangered animals will be pro

37、tected.its no concern of mine.the mother showed a great deal of concern for her sons illness.詞組as far asbe concerned 意為“就而言。如：as far as im concerned, im not against the plan.concerned 為形容詞，意為“擔(dān)憂的，擔(dān)憂的， 如：we are all concerned about her safety.concerning 為介詞，意為“關(guān)于，涉及。如：the problem concerning the protec

38、tion of taihu lake will be discussed tomorrow.concerning his proposal, there were pros and cons.3. importanceimportance為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“重要性。如：thats a matter of great importance to us.the educator emphasized the importance of developing team spirit between children. 注意 be+of+抽象名詞importance, value, use, help

39、be+該抽象名詞的形容詞important, valuable, useful, helpful。如：his advice is of great value. his advice is very valuable.important 為形容詞，意為“重要的，常用于以下句型：it is important for us to master a foreign language in the modern society.it is important that you (should) keep your promise. it is important for you to keep yo

40、ur promise.4. adviseadvise 是及物動詞，意為“建議，勸告。常有以下用法：the doctor advised a complete rest. /taking a weeks resti advised him to stop smoking and drinking. i advised him that he (should) stop smoking and drinking.i advised her against marrying that dishonest man. i advised her not to marry that dishonest m

41、an.advice 是名詞，意為“建議，勸告。如：you wont get well unless you take/follow the doctors advice.ill ask my teacher for advice on this matter.thats a good piece of advice you gave me.5. endangeredendanger是及物動詞，意為“使受危險，危及。如：his laziness endangered his chances of success.endangered 是形容詞，意為“瀕臨絕種危險的。如：are pandas en

42、dangered in china?danger 是名詞，意為“危險，危險物。如：the drowning boy is in danger of losing his life.the tiger is a great danger to the villagers.dangerous 是形容詞，意為“危險的，不平安的。如：its dangerous to play on a road.6. remainedremain是不及物動詞，意為“留存，剩余，逗留，仍然是。如：if you take 3 from 10, 7 remains.who would like to remain and

43、help me do the dishes?who stole the famous painting remains unknown.it remains to be seen whether he will pass the driving test.they remain good friends though now they study in two different cities.the boy bought his mother a birthday gift with the remaining three dollars.7. efforteffort是名詞，意為“努力。如

44、：he spared no effort to help me with my english.all my efforts were in vain.he lifted the heavy rock without effort.please make an effort to arrive early.the efforts of the government to help the disabled made a deep impression on all the people who attended the melting.8. appreciateappreciate是及物動詞，

45、意為“贊賞，欣賞，賞識。如：you cant appreciate the novel unless you know its background.his works were not appreciated until after his death.we all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.i appreciate it when you help others when they are in trouble.appreciate 還有“感謝的意思。如：i appreciate your timely help.appr

46、eciation 是名詞，意為“鑒識，鑒賞力等。如：he has a deep appreciation of literature.9. reservereserve 即可用作名詞，意為“保護區(qū)，保存，也可用作動詞，意為“保存，保存。如：after a long journey, we came to a forest reserve.i have little money in reserve.we discussed the problem without reserve.i must reserve strength for climbing the mountain tomorrow

47、.reserve 還有“預(yù)訂，留作專用之意。如：all seats reservedthe first three rows of the hall are reserved for special guests.穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：key: 1. reserve2. efforts3. endangered4. remain5. advised 6.importance7. appreciate8. raise9. concernpart 4 phrases from page 22 to 251. in additionin addition 意為“另外，加之，又，作副詞用，相當于besides 或

48、as well。如：he had no time to prepare this lecture, in addition, he was unwell。there was a big earthquake and, in addition, there were terrible tsunamis.in addition, there is one more point i would like to make.in addition to 作介詞用，意為“加之，除了之外。如：he speaks french in addition to english.in addition to the

49、 sandwiches, aunt mary gave us cookies to bring to the picnic.此外，addition的動詞是add，能構(gòu)成不同的詞組。add something to，意為“把添參加；add up to，意為“總計；add to意為“增添。如：please add some more salt to this soup.all his school education added up to no more than one year.the news that the road was blocked added to her anxiety.2

50、. wiped outwipe out在本單元意為“掃除，消滅，還有“擦洗的內(nèi)部，雪恥等意思。如：i hope that the terrible scene will be wiped out from the little boys memory.it is reported that the imported plant will wipe out some of the original species there.all the information saved in the computer was wiped out by the virus.the deadly diseas

51、e almost wiped out the entire population.the houses were wiped out by the flood.could you wipe the bath out?wipe 還能構(gòu)成其他詞組： 1will you please wipe off the drawing from the blackboard? 擦掉2please wipe up that spilt coffee. 把濺出的水等抹掉3she wiped her tears away with her handkerchief. 擦去眼淚等4please wipe the gl

52、asses dry. 把擦干3. cut back oncut back on 意為“削減，縮減，減少。如：theyve already cut back production by twenty percent.you have to cut back on spending.由cut構(gòu)成的詞組：(1) the electricity was cut off because of the terrible storm. 切斷電力、煤氣、自來水等(2) they shouldnt have cut down those young trees. 砍倒(3) to make the dish,

53、you should first cut up the vegetables into small pieces. 切碎(4) he cut out an article about liuxiang from the newspaper. 剪下(5) the moment i began to speak, he cut in. 插嘴(6) the village was cut off by the heavy snow. 使孤立4. it is obvious thatit is obvious that是個固定句型，意為“是顯然的。如：it is obvious that he tol

54、d her a lie.it is obvious that he didnt do it himself.it is+形容詞that 這種句型比擬多見，同學(xué)們要學(xué)會自己歸納。如：it is impossible that he will come this afternoon.it is likely that he will give a speech.it is important that you should keep obey the school rules.it is strange that you dont know him.it is necessary that you

55、 should buy so many dresses at a time?5. open the flooropen the floor 意為“自由發(fā)言。如：the club members opened the floor for their discussion whether they should give up the plan or not.open 的意思有很多。請試著說出下面這些句子中open的含義。1the lovely view opened out before our eyes. 展現(xiàn)2he opened his heart to the girl. 告知，說明3my

56、 dream is to open a restaurant. 開張4the red army men opened fire at the enemy. 開火5he opened out a folding map for all of us and began his story. 展開，翻開。6the story opened with a love story between a prince and a princess. 以開始6. run out ofrun out of 意為“用完，耗盡。如：i have run out of my pocket money.my pocket money has run out.we are running out of fuel. our fuel is running out.由run構(gòu)成的短語很多，請試著說出以下各句中run或其詞組的含義。(1) luckily, they ran away from the fire. 逃出，逃跑(2) i ran across one of my old friends in the street