（整理版高中英語）單　　元Unit3ScienceVersusNature

1、單元：unit 3 science versus nature板塊：語法語法精講動詞的-ed形式過去分詞一、構成和用法1、過去分詞是動詞非謂語形式的一種v-ed，在句中作狀語、定語、表語、賓語補足語。例如：1作狀語：interested in the stories (as they were interested in her stories), they gave tracy wong $15,000 advance. 因為對她的小說感興趣，他們預付了tracy wong一萬五千美元。 the boy sat at the table buried in his lessons (and

2、(he) was buried in his lessons). 那位男孩坐在桌前，埋頭做功課。2作定語：the first mammal cloned from an adult cellthat was / had been cloned from an adult cellwas dolly the sheep. 第一個用成年細胞克隆的哺乳動物是克隆羊多莉。the name mentioned in the letterwhich was mentioned in the letterwas unknown to me. 信里提到的名字我不熟。3作表語：we were surprised

3、 to find that the window was broken. 窗子破了。4作賓語補足語：he found it hard to make himself understood. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難使自己被理解。問題：由上例斜體局部你能看出過去分詞有什么特點？結論：a過去分詞常常表示“被動含義。 b作狀語和定語時，多數是由相應的從句轉化而來。2、下面的例子中過去分詞不表示被動：the ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上鋪滿了落葉。at present china is still less developed than most of weste

4、rn countries. 目前中國還沒有多數西方國家興旺。eating boiled eggs will do you good. 吃煮雞蛋對你的身體有好處。問題：斜體局部的動詞有什么共同點？結論：fall掉，落下，develop開展，boil煮等動詞在上例中是不及物動詞，不及物動詞是不能表示被動的，它們的過去分詞形式只表示“完成、“過去。3、過去分詞的否認not，never等要放在過去分詞前面。如：not given enough time, i had to give up halfway. 由于沒有給我足夠的時間，我只得中途放棄。4、修飾分詞的副詞一般置于分詞的前面。如：greatly

5、 encouraged by the story, we are determined to do our best for the country. 在這個故事的鼓舞下，我們決心全心全意為祖國效勞。5、過去分詞還可以與其它詞組成合成形容詞。1副詞過去分詞：well-educated受過良好教育的，ill-treated受到惡劣對待的，overused被濫用的，homemade家制的2名詞過去分詞：hand-made手工制作的，man-made人造的3另外還有，形容詞或名詞名詞ed的形式：kind-hearted心地善良的，absent-minded心不在焉的， warm-blooded溫血的

6、二、形容詞化的過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞有些動詞的過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞已經變成了形容詞，這類動詞的往往與人的心理感受有關，如：amaze使吃驚amazedamazing; excite使興奮excitedexciting, please使?jié)M意pleasedpleasing, thrill使緊張thrilledthrilling等。這類過去分詞表示：“感到的having the feeling of ，表示人的感受，例如：the public was shocked at his intention to clone a human. 公眾對他克隆人的意圖感到震驚。the disappointed par

7、ents gave a wry smile.感到失望的父母苦笑了笑。流露出的showing the feeling of，用來形容人的“表情、眼神等，常修飾象look, expression, eye等名詞，如：the audience wore a bored look on their faces. 聽眾臉上掛著厭煩的表情?，F(xiàn)在分詞那么表示“令人感到的giving the feeling of，主要修飾表示事物的名詞，但也不盡然。如：the result is disappointing. 結果令人失望。they rejoiced at the exciting news. 他們對這令人興

8、奮的消息欣喜假設狂。試比擬：the disappointed boy感到失望的男孩意思是說這個男孩感到失望the disappointing boy 令人失望的男孩意思是說這個男孩令人失望因此，在特定的語境中要多加推敲。三、圖解分詞分詞各種形式的比擬在多數情況下，現(xiàn)在分詞表示“主動、“進行的含義； 過去分詞表示“被動、“完成的含義；如果是“被動但又是“進行，那么就用“現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式，“現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式一般用作定語。如果是“主動但又是“完成，那么就用“現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，“現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式用作狀語。如下列圖： 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式 the bridge being built 正在被興建的橋主動 進

9、行 現(xiàn)在分詞 the workers building the bridge 正在建橋的工人被動 完成 過去分詞 the bridge built 已被建成的橋現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式 having built the bridge, the workers were allowed some days leave. 建完了橋后， 1. what did the librarian _ out of the library?a. permit to take b. forbid to be takenc. allow to take d. insist being taken2. - mum, why

10、 do you give me so much popcorn?- _ the boring time.a. kill b. killing c. to kill d. having killed3. what yang liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the chinese.a. share b. shared c. having shared d. about to share4. when she was alone at home, mary needed a frie

11、nd _.a. playing with b. having played withc. with whom to play with d. with whom to play5. _ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _ out of life.a. seeing; frightened b. seeing; frighteningc. seen; frightened d. to see; frightening6. could you give me a hand _ from a car, please?a. to

12、carry the shopping b. for carrying the shoppingc. and carrying shopping d. carrying the shopping7. every minute must be made full use of _ our lessons, for the college entrance examination is coming.a. going over b. to go over c. go over d. our going over8. who did the teacher have _ an article for

13、the wall newspaper just now?a. written b. writing c. write d. to write9. _ a boy of ten, he started working to support himself.a. being b. when still c. because of d. while10. it is worth much_ is worth doing.a. doing it b. what to do c. do what d. to do what11. there is always the chance _ the weak

14、 _ the strong.a. of, defeating b. about, defeating c. of, winning d. of, to defeat12. she is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to _ her.a. have seen b. seeing c. see d. be seen13. there are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, _ in all 20,000 people.a. seating b. seated c.

15、 sitting d. to seating14. “ if , he added, “ _ enough time, i would certainly have done it better.a. to give b. i was given c. given d. to be given15. - cant you take a few days off from work to go with me to new york?- sure. _ my way and i will be glad to.a. pay b. if you pay c. to pay d. paying16.

16、 _ the answer, tom, who asked the question, still stood with his hand _.a. giving; raised b. given; raised c. given; risen d. giving; rising17.- shall we go swimming?- ok, ill just go and get _.a. to change b. myself changed c. changed d. to be changed18. - would you do me a favor?- i regret _ i am

17、busy just now.a. to say b. saying c. having said d. to have said19. i have no one _ me, for i am a new comer here.a. help b. helping c. to help d. to have helped20. the building _ in our school is for us teachers. though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.a. built b. having b

18、een built c. to be built d. being built21. theres _ what the weather will be like tomorrow.a. no knowing b. not known c. not knowing d. no known22. - you _ part in the party on time.- sorry, i was delay by the accident.a. are to take b. have supposed to takeb. were to have taken d. supposed to take2

19、3. _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesnt seem high at all.a. when compared b. to comparec. while comparing d. it compared24. _ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself _ at the party.a. dressed; noticed b. dressing; noticingc. dressed; noticing d. dressing; noticing

20、25. the matter _ your study surely requires _ carefully.a. relating to; dealing with b. related to; dealt withc. related to; being dealt with d. relating to; having dealt with26. everything _ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.a. to take b. taken c. to

21、be taken d. taking27. - what do you think of the plan?- its easier said than _.a. carried out b. carrying outc. carry out d. to carry out28. many businessmen attended the boao forum (博鰲論壇 ) because they knew what _ from the forum.a. to get b. to be got c. got d. getting29. there was a famous person

22、at the party whom everyone would like _to themselves.a. to introduce b. to be introducedc. introducing d. being introduced30. - were you at home last sunday?- yeah! i devoted the whole day to _ the english grammar.a. review b. reviewing c. be reviewed d. being reviewed31. prices of daily goods _ thr

23、ough a computer can be lower than store prices.a. are bought b. bought c. been bought d. buying32. _, john returned to school from his hometown.a. the summer vocation being overb. the summer vocation is overc. because the summer vocation overd. after the summer vocation being over33. _ she cant come

24、, who will do the work?a. supposed b. supposingc. having supposed d. being supposed34. - is there anything you want from town?- no, thank you. but i would like to get _.a. those letters mailed b. mailed lettersc. to mail those letters d. those letters mail35. after the guests left, she spent as much

25、 time as she could _ the rooms.a. tidy up b. to clear away c. clear away d. tidying up36. _ it or not, this dictionary has shocked everyone in scientific circles.a. believe b. to believe c. believing d. believed37.to tell you the truth, id rather read than watch tv; the programs seem _ all the time.

26、a. to get worse b. to be getting worsec. to have got worse d. getting worse38. after the arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on education, with girls as well as boys _ to go to school.a. to be encouraged b. encouragingc. encouraged d. be encouraged39. everyone had an application fo

27、rm in his hand, but no one knew which office _.a. to send it to b. to send itc. to be sent to d. to have it sent40. the foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in shanghai, _ as interpreter.a. the guide acts b. the guide actingc. acting d. acted41. linda is thought to _ in africa, but i real

28、ly dont know what country she is working in.a. have worked b. work c. be working d. be worked42. _ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.a. to save b. saved c. saving d. having saved43. _ money if you can and many poor children in th

29、e poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.a. having given b. given c. to give d. give44. whatever trouble mr. white had _ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion.a. deal b. to deal c. dealt d. dealing45. _ the distance was too long and the time was too short, we decided not

30、 to drive to florida.a. discovering b. to discover c. to have discovered d. discovered46. what surprised me most was that there appeared a _ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.a. worrying b. worried c. worry d. worries47. if you go to the west lake in hangzhou, you will find it more att

31、ractive than commonly _.a. supposing b. to suppose c. supposed d. being supposed48. - havent you seen the sign, _ “ no photos?- im really sorry i didnt.a. reads b. to read c. read d. reading49. _ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.a. tasted b. being tasted c. tasting d. to taste

32、50. -the plan is heard _ so well that we dont have to make any changes.-it is indeed.a. to design b. designing c. designed d. design51. the woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money.a. giving b. being given c. given d. gave52. her dress has become loose. she appears _ weight.a. to lose b. being lost c. losing d. to have lost53. i find these problems are easy _.a. to be worked out b.