（整理版高中英語(yǔ)）第二冊(cè)Unit20Archaeology

1、第二冊(cè)u(píng)nit 20 archaeologyi單元一知識(shí)點(diǎn)全覽 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考須掌握的詞匯：1decorate 2tendency 3approyamate 4remotely 5distance高考須掌握的短語(yǔ)：1to 2in 3eyes 4hand 5serve 6up考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān) 過(guò)關(guān)斬將 一馬平川考點(diǎn)詳解 精剖細(xì)解 入巿三分一、重點(diǎn)詞匯1dozen n(一)打，十二個(gè)eg： i want to buy two dozen socks我想買兩打襪子。 they have been here for dozens of years他們?cè)谶@兒住了幾十年了。相關(guān)鏈接：score二十，分

2、數(shù)用法拓展：scores of許多 dozens of許多 a score ofbooks二十本書a dozen books一打書 setl by the dozen論打出售特別提醒：dozen，score與數(shù)詞或many，several連用時(shí)，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式；后面接名詞時(shí)，of可用也可不用，假設(shè)后面賓語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)。of不能省略。案例剖析 旁征博引 舉一反三考題1 (典型例題)eggs are sold , and we need to buy a. by dozen; three dozen b. by the dozen; three dozen c. by dozen; three doze

3、ns d. by the dozen; three dozens考題1點(diǎn)撥；答案為b。sell sthby the dozen論打出售某物，為固定搭配，故排除a、c項(xiàng)；當(dāng)dozen與數(shù)字連用時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式，故排除d項(xiàng)。2average adj平均的，普通的，一般的eg： the average age of the girls in our class is 17我們班女生的平均年齡為17歲。 the average temperature this winter is 10這個(gè)冬天的平均氣溫為lo。相關(guān)鏈接：average n平均，平均數(shù)用法拓展：above the average在一般以上

4、 below the average在一般以下 on an(the)average按平均數(shù)分配 an average ofi·的平均數(shù) average out扯平，最終得到平衡特別提醒：average可用作形容詞，名詞和動(dòng)詞?？碱}2 (典型例題) what do you think of the student? -oh, he is one of intelligence. a. usual b. common c. average d. ordinary專題2點(diǎn)撥：答案為c·此題考查形容詞的詞義辨析。usual通常的；common普通的，ordinary平常的；aver

5、age平均的，一般的。句意為：“你覺(jué)得那個(gè)學(xué)生怎么樣?噢，他是一個(gè)智力一般的學(xué)生。二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 3in terms of就而言，從角度 eg：in terms of money，were quite rich but not in terms of happmess從金錢的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，我們是富有的，但從幸福角度來(lái)說(shuō)我們不富有。用法拓展：in the long term長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看來(lái)in the short term在目前 keep on good terms with sb同某人保持友好關(guān)系 on bad terms with sb與某人交情不好 come to terms達(dá)成協(xié)議，讓步，屈服特別提醒

6、：in terms of為固定搭配，term用復(fù)數(shù)形式?？碱}3 (典型例題分)the wealth of a country should be measured the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce. a. in terms of b. by means c. in place of d. in line with考題3點(diǎn)撥：答案為a。根據(jù)題意“一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富，不僅以它生產(chǎn)的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品來(lái)衡量，還要從它的人民的健康和幸福的角度來(lái)衡 量。in terms of從角度，就

7、而言，符合題意。 41end a hand幫助eg：could you lend me a hand to move this table?請(qǐng)你幫我把那桌子移動(dòng)一下好嗎?用法拓展：give/lensba hand幫助某人=give/iend a hand to sb have a hand in參與插手某事at hand在手頭上，即將，在附近 by hand手工做的 hand in hand手挽手 on one hand；on che other hand一方面，另一方面 hand in上交 hand down把傳下去hand out分發(fā) hand sbsth傳給某人某物特別提醒：hand可用

8、作名詞，也可用作動(dòng)詞。考題4 (典型例題)-he is preparing for the meeting. shall we a hand to him? -had better not. he always lets no one else have a in it. a. put; hand b. lend; mind c. give; foot d. lend; hand考題4點(diǎn)撥：答案為d。lend/give a hand to sb“給予某人幫助；have a hand in“插手萊事。句意為：“他正在準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)會(huì)。讓我們?nèi)蛶退脝?最好不要，他一向不讓任何人插手他的事。三、重點(diǎn)交際

9、用語(yǔ)5i wonder if/whether不知道是否eg： i wonder if it will rain tomorrow我不知道明天會(huì)不會(huì)下雨。用法拓展：1 wonder if i can/could do sth是請(qǐng)求允許的交際用語(yǔ)，表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方允許自己干某事。其中wonder是動(dòng)詞，作“想知道解，后跟if/ whether從句。 eg： i wonder ifi could use your phone我能不能用一下你的 ? 這個(gè)句子直譯是：“我想知道我是否可以用你的 。用conld比用can 在語(yǔ)氣上更委婉一些。對(duì)于這個(gè)請(qǐng)求，如果作肯定答復(fù)，那么用： surego ahea d好

10、的。用吧。 yesplease do好的。請(qǐng)吧。 of course/sure當(dāng)然可以。如果作否認(rèn)答復(fù)，那么用： im sorrybut對(duì)不起，但im afrald not恐怕不行吧。 yon'd better not最好不。 一i wonder if i could turn off the iight我把燈關(guān)掉好嗎? 一surego ahead好的，關(guān)吧。 一i wonder if i could smoke here我在這兒抽煙好嗎? im sorry，but it is not allowed對(duì)不起，這兒不讓抽煙。特別提醒：1 wonder if i could do，是請(qǐng)求允

11、許的句型，conld不表示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而是一種委婉的表達(dá)?？碱}5 (典型例題1 分) he seems too tired today,and i wonder he got a good sleep last night. a. when b. that c. if d. where考題5點(diǎn)撥：答案為c。從he seems to0 tired today可判知“我想知道他昨晚是否睡得好。if是否，應(yīng)選c。句意為：“他今天似乎很疲勞，我想知道他昨晚睡得可好。，四、重點(diǎn)句型6it/this is/was+時(shí)間名詞+wheneg：it was four o'clock when he cam

12、e back當(dāng)他回來(lái)時(shí)，已經(jīng)4點(diǎn)鐘了。 it is when the olympic games will be held in china 奧運(yùn)會(huì)將于在中國(guó)舉行。用法拓展：(1)it is/was+時(shí)間名詞+when，其中when引導(dǎo)的為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 (2)it is/was+時(shí)間副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)十that該句型為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 eg：it is tomorrow that he will go to beijing他明天將去。 h was at nine o'clock yesterday that he went to the park他昨天是九點(diǎn)去的公園。 (3)在句型

13、“it+be+一段時(shí)間+since從句中be的形式為is或was。如果是is那么 since從句用過(guò)去時(shí)假設(shè)為was，那么since從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，此句型意為“自從以來(lái)有一段時(shí)間了。注意since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 eg： it is two years since he joined the army他參軍已有兩年了。 it was five years since his father had died他父親去世已有五年了。 注意：假設(shè)since從句中用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞那么表示相反的意義表示該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的終止。 eg：it is three years since he smok

14、ed他不吸煙已有三年了。 it is three years since tom was a college student湯姆大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有三年了。 (4)在句型"it+be+一段時(shí)間+before從句中，動(dòng)詞be通常為was或will be形式before從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，表示將來(lái)。此句型意為“很久才，其否認(rèn)式意為“沒(méi)過(guò)多久就。 eg： it was long(one year)before he came back過(guò)了很久(過(guò)了一年)他才回來(lái)。 it won't be two years before we meet each other ag

15、ain過(guò)不了兩年我們就會(huì)再見(jiàn)面的?？碱}6-1 (典型例題 分)it was twelve o'clock at midnight they arrived at the lonely vil-lage. a. thal b. when c. if d. since考題6-2 ( 典型例題 l 分 ) it took them three hours they could bring the big fire under control. a. when b. before c. since d. that考題61點(diǎn)撥：答案為b。根據(jù)題意“當(dāng)他們到達(dá)那個(gè)荒涼的小村子時(shí)，已是午夜12點(diǎn)鐘。

16、it is/was+時(shí)間詞+when一when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。應(yīng)選b?？碱}62點(diǎn)撥；答案為b。根據(jù)題意“他們花了三個(gè)小時(shí)，才把大火控制住。before表示“過(guò)多久才。應(yīng)選b。五、詞語(yǔ)辨析7as good as，as well as，as well (1)as good as有兩種用法：good作為形容詞進(jìn)行同級(jí)比擬，譯為“如同一樣好。作為固定詞組用表示“實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上。和幾乎一樣。常放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞、形容詞之前。 eg：the place where we live is as good as the one where you live我們生活的地方和你們的一樣好。 what he djd

17、 has as good as shown his attitude他的行為實(shí)際上已說(shuō)明了他的態(tài)度。 my bike is as good as new，even though ive had it for a year 我的自行車盡管用了一年，但還和新的一樣。 (2)as well as也有兩種用法：用于副詞同等比擬譯為“如同一樣好。作為 一個(gè)復(fù)合并列連詞，表示“既又，不但而且連接兩主語(yǔ)時(shí)，側(cè)重點(diǎn)在第 一主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)在人稱上保持一致。翻譯時(shí)，先譯后者，再譯前者。 eg：you do as well as he does你做得如同他做得一樣好。 he as well as i is

18、 responsible for it不僅是我，他也有責(zé)任。 we can't expect a woman to do the housework as well as look after the children 我們不能指望一個(gè)女人既照看孩子，又做家務(wù)。 (3)as well只作副詞，有兩種意義：表示“還是好，常用于may或might句中。 表示“同樣也，相當(dāng)于too通常用于句末。 eg： you might as well leave at oncefor the headmaster prohibited students from coming in 你最好還是馬上離開(kāi)。

19、因?yàn)樾ｉL(zhǎng)不許學(xué)生進(jìn)來(lái)。 we may as well finish the job，now we've got so far with it 這項(xiàng)工作既然我們已做了這么多，還是把它做完為好。 water is necessary for people，it is necessary for animals as weli對(duì)人而言，水是必不可少的，對(duì)動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)也是這樣。tom has expressed his support，i as weil will do whatever l can do fdr you湯姆已表示了他的支持，我也要盡可能為你做一些事情?？碱}7-1(典型例題分) a

20、s is known to all, she is she is a singer. a. as good an actor as b. as an actor good as c. as good as an actor d. an actor as good as考題7-2 (典型例題 ill go on monday by the slow train. you might wait till tuesday and go on the fast one. a. rather than b. as well as c. as good as d. as well考題71點(diǎn)撥t答案為a。a

21、s good as表示“同一樣好，中間插入an actor，被good所修飾。句意為：眾所周知。她做演員和當(dāng)歌手一樣出色。 考題72點(diǎn)撥：答案為d。此題考查may/might as well。不妨;還是的好，為固定搭配。句意為：“我要乘坐周一的慢車走。“你還是等到用二，坐快車走為好。語(yǔ)法歸納 精通規(guī)那么 游刃有余it的用法在第一冊(cè)講詳細(xì)講過(guò)，在此不再贅述。iv專題探究 由點(diǎn)及面 由表及里專題探究：專題詳解：如何做好閱讀理解中的“事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型的題目。 一篇文章在確定主題之后，通常要通過(guò)大量的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)主題進(jìn)行解釋和說(shuō)明。因此有很多的題干是根據(jù)短文的細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)計(jì)的。文章的細(xì)節(jié)題有可能是直接理解題，如

22、事l物的起因、過(guò)程、結(jié)果及發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。但多數(shù)情況下是聞接理解題，要求你在理解的根底上，通過(guò)自己的思維將理解的內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化、條理化。比方計(jì)算、排序、選圖等題。選項(xiàng)的表述通常不是用文章的原話而是使用同義的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)。做題時(shí)一定要回到短文中找出與答題內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)和句子，在理解原文的根底上選擇答案。找到關(guān)鍵詞后最好在下面畫線。以便檢查。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型的題目常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有以下幾種：(l)according to the passage, who/what/ which/when/where/how/how many/ how much/how long/how soon/how often. ?(

23、2)according to the passage, which of the following is true/not true?(3) according to the passage, which of the following is not mentioned?(4) all of the following are true ex-cept.考題 (典型例題分)the film about schoolboy magician harry potter bas gained cra-zy popularity throughout the world since it'

24、s on last month. hopeful children throughout britain will be delighted when they look under their christmas tree to find santa has conjured up(用魔術(shù)變出 ) that longed-for harry potter gift. in toy shops, everything about harry potter,from models of hogwarts express to toy castles, is sold out. the harry

25、 potter craze has spread far beyond the young magician's home country. in austria, harry potter has caused a rise of interest in wizardry(巫術(shù)). and young harry potter fans are following in the footsteps of their idol there is now a real-lifeschool for wizards and witches. togain their"sorcer

26、er's diplomas(巫師文憑) , three classes of students at the school, in klagenfurt, southern austria, take a six-part course. they are taught about astronomy(天文學(xué)) and they learn to make medicine and cast spells(念咒). "i hope i can learn and use power to communicate between the visible and invisibl

27、e worlds, satd a student. having completed a final examination, the student witches and wizards receive cer-tificates(證書) to show their achievements. but even the ancient art of wizardry has hadto give ground to the computer age: the course can be studied by distan,ce learning on the internet. in th

28、e us, the film has been laughing all the way on the top of the box office and has stayed there for the third week in a row. according to the passage, which of the statement is true? a. many schools have offered selective class on wizardry. b. harry potter gifts are sold well throughout the world. c.

29、,people can learn wizardry even on the internet. d. wizardry is most popular in the united states考題撥:答案為c。從文章倒敷第二自然段最后一句話but even the ancient art of wizardry has had to give ground to the computer age：the course can be studied by distance learning on thenternet(連古代的巫術(shù)也要讓位于電腦時(shí)代：課程可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)。)可以看出，c

30、為正確答案。v考題類型一網(wǎng)打盡 驀然回首 燈火闌珊回憶1 測(cè)試考點(diǎn) 6 (典型例題 scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. a. since b. after c. before d. when1c點(diǎn)撥：此題考查lt is+一段時(shí)間+before結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才。句意為：“科學(xué)家們說(shuō)可能要過(guò)五六年的時(shí)間這種藥才能在病人身上做臨床檢驗(yàn)?；貞? 測(cè)試考點(diǎn) 6 (典型例題t was some time we realized the t

31、ruth. a. when b. until c. since d. before2d點(diǎn)撥：此題考查引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞用法。此題句意：過(guò)了一段時(shí)間我們才意識(shí)到真相。句型：lt was some time before意為“過(guò)了一段時(shí)間之后才。when用于句中不合句意，until常與not連用而且常用于否認(rèn)句中，意為。直到才，since常與完成時(shí)連用。 回憶3 測(cè)試考點(diǎn) 6 (典型例題 did jack come back earlylast night?- yes. it was not yet eight o'clock he arrived home.a. before b.

32、when c. that d. until3b點(diǎn)撥：此題考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。這里的when是引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，交代了主句發(fā)生的時(shí)間。vi高考題預(yù)測(cè) 高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚 占盡先機(jī)一、考情預(yù)測(cè) 預(yù)測(cè)l：“穿衣的表達(dá)形式 預(yù)測(cè)根據(jù)：在英語(yǔ)中，表示“穿衣時(shí)有多種表達(dá)形式，這是一個(gè)常考的問(wèn)題，對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。表示“穿衣時(shí)，分動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)兩類：預(yù)測(cè)2：intend的用法與搭配 預(yù)測(cè)根據(jù)：intend表示“打算；意欲；想要，是考綱要求掌握的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)單詞，也是高考考查的重要考點(diǎn)之一。尤其是intend后接從句，用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形和be intended for“為某人某事而方案或設(shè)計(jì)的用法，更是高

33、考考查的重點(diǎn)。 預(yù)測(cè)3：notuntil句型將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或主句是祈使句時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而不用將來(lái)時(shí)。 eg：1 won't believe you until i have seen you in the jar with my own eyes(我親眼看到你在壇子里才會(huì)相信你所說(shuō)的。) (2)not until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，即it was not until+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(從句)+that從句。eg：it was not until she took off her dark glasses that i realized she was a famous film star(直到她摘

34、下墨鏡我才看出她是個(gè)著名影星。) (3)not until放在句首，用于倒裝句型。 eg：not until i began to work did i realize how much time j had wasted (直到開(kāi)始工作我才意識(shí)到我浪費(fèi)了多少時(shí)間。)預(yù)測(cè)4：“be to do"結(jié)構(gòu) 預(yù)測(cè)根據(jù)be to do屬于表將來(lái)情況的句型之一。在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，主要有三方面的用法：(1)某事應(yīng)當(dāng)/必須如何做。通常用于不定式的被動(dòng)式。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在通知或說(shuō)明書中。 eg：thebooks you borrowed are to be returned before may 1 st(你所

35、借的圖書應(yīng)在5月1日前歸還。)(2)表示命令或指示，通常是上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)，父母對(duì)子女。用于第二人稱時(shí)，經(jīng)常含有轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)別人指示的意思。 eg：mother says you are 10 walt here till shecomes(媽媽說(shuō)你在這兒一直等到她回來(lái)。)(3)表示按方案或安排要做的事或注定要發(fā)生的事。 eg：better days are soo/i to follow(好日子快要到了。) 預(yù)測(cè)5：話題預(yù)測(cè) 本單元的中心話題是“考古學(xué)，內(nèi)容涉及石器時(shí)代、青銅器時(shí)代、漢朝、唐朝等古代的飲食起居、文化娛樂(lè)、生產(chǎn)工具等并著重介紹了英國(guó)的巨石陣和中華文明的起源。高考與本話題有關(guān)的局部會(huì)在閱讀理解

36、局部涉及到。會(huì)以記敘文的形式給出有關(guān)考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的一篇文章，從詞義猜想、歸納主題、排列時(shí)間順序等幾個(gè)方面設(shè)題考查考生的閱讀能力。因此在備考時(shí)考生要結(jié)合本單元閱讀局部。了解有關(guān)考古學(xué)的常識(shí)，有助于閱讀和順利完成題目。二、考題預(yù)測(cè)備考1測(cè)試考點(diǎn) 1 -how many people, were there? -there were a. score of them. b. scores of them c. three scores of them d. three score them1b點(diǎn)撥：scores of“許多；大量，是固定詞組。score與數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，只能用單數(shù)形式。且后面賓語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)，o

37、f不能省略。備考2測(cè)試考點(diǎn) 2 the company earned a lot of money. as a result,the member's personal income rose by a(an) of 10 percent. a. average b. ordinary c. common d. usual2a 點(diǎn)撥： an average of平均，為固定詞組。句意為：“公司贏利很多，結(jié)果。員工個(gè)人收入平均增長(zhǎng)了10。備考3測(cè)試考點(diǎn) 6 the car was slow and the road was icy. it was already evening we f

38、inally got to the village. a. that b. when c. until d. in which3b點(diǎn)撥：此題考查lt is+時(shí)間名詞-when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意為：“車慢路滑，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)村子時(shí)，已經(jīng)是晚上了。備考4測(cè)試考點(diǎn) 3 the record has been well received, but actual sales it hasn't been very successful.a. in terms of b. in place of c. in a way d. in line with4a 點(diǎn)撥：in terms of從角度，按照

39、；in place of代替；in a way“從某種程度上；in line with“與一致。句意為：“這張唱片很受歡送，但從實(shí)際銷售的角度看，它的發(fā)行不很成功。 備考5測(cè)試考點(diǎn) 7 i can't afford the dress, h is that one. a. twice as expensive as b. as twice expensive as c. as expensive twice as d. as expensive as twice5a點(diǎn)撥：asas一中第一個(gè)as是副詞，后接形容詞或副詞。第二個(gè)as是連詞。有倍數(shù)時(shí)，先出現(xiàn)倍數(shù)，再加比擬句式。備考6測(cè)試考點(diǎn)

40、6 alice broke several cups when cleaning the dishes. it was a long time her master discovered whathad happened. a. until b. when c. since d. before6d點(diǎn)撥：此題考查句型it is+時(shí)間+before表示“過(guò)了多久才。句意為：“艾麗斯在刷盤子時(shí)打碎了幾個(gè)杯子，過(guò)了很久主人才發(fā)現(xiàn)。備考7測(cè)試考點(diǎn) 5 i wonder they will arrive on time. a. what b. when c. whether d. that7c 點(diǎn)撥：wo

41、nder用于肯定的陳述句中，賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞用whether或if或特殊疑問(wèn)詞。后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不缺成分，可排除a,when與on time沖突；所以c項(xiàng)正確。備考8測(cè)試考點(diǎn)4 everyone in our soeiety should a hand to those who are in trouble atake b1end chave dput8b點(diǎn)撥：give/lend a hand to sb意為：給予某人幫助。 備考9高考新題型：閱讀填空題dear xiao ming, you asked me in your letter for advice on which major to

42、choose. when it comes to this, i suggest that you apply for the major of english. to begin with, english is one of the most popular languages in the world, which is widely used in all fields. what's more, english majors are more likely to find a good job in the increasingly tight job market. it can provide you with a promis