（整理版高中英語）高二英語暑假專題主謂一致人教實驗

1、高二英語高二英語暑假專題：主謂一致主謂一致人教實驗版人教實驗版【本講教育信息本講教育信息】一. 教學內(nèi)容：暑假專題：主謂一致主謂一致是指： 1語法形式上要一致，即單復數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。 2意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復數(shù)要與謂語的單復數(shù)形式一致。 3就近原那么，即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)用動詞復數(shù)。 there is much water in the thermos.但當不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year一

2、、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復數(shù) reading and writing are very important. 注意：當主語由 and 連結(jié)時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。 the iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 典型例題： the league secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. a. is b. wasc. are d. were 答案 b。注：先從時

3、態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時，先排除 a.，c。此題易誤選 d，因為 the league secretary and monitor 好似是兩個人，但仔細區(qū)分， monitor 前沒有 the，在英語中，當一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用 and 相連。這樣，此題主語為一個人，所以應(yīng)選 b。二、主謂一致中的靠近原那么 1當 there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 there is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. there are twenty boy-students

4、 and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2當 either or 與 neither nor 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 如果句子是由 here, there 引導，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。 either you or she is to go. here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.三、謂語動詞與前面的主語一致 當主語后面跟有由 with, together with, like, except, but, no less t

5、han, as well as 等詞引起的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。 the teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. he as well as i wants to go boating.四、謂語需用單數(shù) 1代詞 each 和由 every, some, no, any 等構(gòu)成的復合代詞作主語，或主語中含有 each, every, 謂語需用單數(shù)。 each of us has a tape-recorder. there is something wrong with my watch. 2當主語是一

6、本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 the arabian night is a book known to lovers of english. 天方夜譚是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。 3表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。(用復數(shù)也可，意思不變。) three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. ten yuan is enough.五、指代意義決定謂語的單復數(shù) 1代詞 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, mos

7、t, all 等詞的單復數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復數(shù)決定。 all is right.一切順利。 all are present.所有人都到齊了。 2集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如 family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee 等詞后用復數(shù)形式時，意為這個集體中的各個成員，用單數(shù)時表示整個集體。 his family isnt very large.他家不是一個大家庭。 his family are music lovers.他的家人都是音樂愛好者。 但集合名詞 people, police, cattle,

8、poultry 等在任何情況下都用復數(shù)形式。 are there any police around? 3有些名詞，如 variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數(shù)，有時看作復數(shù)。 a number of +名詞復數(shù)+復數(shù)動詞。 the number of +名詞復數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。 a number of books have lent out. the majority of the students like english.六、與后接名詞或代詞保持一致 1用 half of, part of, most of, a po

9、rtion of 等詞引起主語時，動詞通常與 of 后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。 most of his money is spent on books. most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2一些短語，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由 more than of 作主語時，動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。 many a person has read the novel.許多人都讀過這本書。 more than 60 percent of the st

10、udents are from the city. 百分之六十多的學生都來自這個城市。 補充強調(diào)：主謂一致中的“表里不一現(xiàn)象和主語必須在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，最根本的原那么是：單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)動詞，復數(shù)主語用復數(shù)動詞。但在實際使用當中情況比擬復雜，現(xiàn)在筆者把在教學生常犯的主謂一致錯誤歸納整理如下，以期對同學們的學習有所幫助。 1. “more than one +名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如： more than one teacher gets the flowers. 2. “many a +名詞作主語時，從意義上看是復數(shù)，但謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如： many a student ha

11、s been sent to plant trees. 很多學生被派去植樹。 3. “half of, the rest of, most of, all of 及百分數(shù)或分數(shù)+of 等后接名詞作主語時，謂語動詞形式根據(jù) of 后的名詞而定。例如： three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water. 地球外表四分之三為水所覆蓋。 4. all 指人時，動詞用復數(shù)；all 指物時，動詞用單數(shù)。例如： “all are present and all is going well, our manager said. 我們

12、經(jīng)理說：“所有人全部到場了，一切進展順利。 5. what 引導的主語從句，謂語動詞可視表語而定:表語是單數(shù)名詞時，動詞用單數(shù)，相反，那么用復數(shù)。例如： what they want to get is a number of good books. 他們想得到的是大量的好書。 6. and 連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞前假設(shè)用 eacheveryno 修飾，該名詞短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： no book and no pen is found in the schoolbag. 書包里沒有書和鋼筆。 7. 當主語后面有由 as well as，with，along with，toget

13、her with，but，like，rather than，except 等引導的短語時，謂語動詞要與最前面的主語保持一致。例如： my father as well as his workmates has been to beijing. 我父親和他的同事曾去過。 8. each 作主語的同位語時， 謂語動詞由主語來決定，與 each 無關(guān)。例如： they each have a bike. 他們每人有一輛自行車。 9. 動詞不定式動詞-ing 形式短語作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如： going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.

14、 晚飯后出去散步是一個好習慣。 10. the following 作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致。例如： the following are some good examples. 下面是一些好例子。 11. 以-ics 結(jié)尾的學科名詞，如 politics，physics，mathematics 等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。以-s 結(jié)尾的名詞 news，works， plastics 等同屬此類。例如： politics is now taught in all schools. 現(xiàn)在各都開設(shè)政治課。 12. 有些用來表示由兩個對應(yīng)局部組成一體的名詞復數(shù)(trousers，g

15、lasses，shoes 等)作主語時，前面假設(shè)有“一條“一副“一把之類的單位詞，動詞用單數(shù)；假設(shè)沒有單位詞或單位詞是復數(shù)，那么謂語動詞用復數(shù)。例如：the shoes are all right. 這些鞋子都很適宜。 13. “one and a half +名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。例如： one and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一個半蘋果。 14. “one or two/more +復數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。例如： one or two persons are sent there to help them do t

16、he work. 要派一兩個人到那兒去給他們幫助。 15. “one of +復數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動詞要用復數(shù)；而在“the only one of +復數(shù)名詞+定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。例如： he is one of the students who get there on time. 他是準時到達那里的學生之一。 16. 表示時間距離金錢等的復數(shù)名詞作主語表達一個整體概念時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，但假設(shè)強調(diào)數(shù)量，謂語動詞可用復數(shù)。例如： one million dollars is a lot of money. 一百萬美元是一大筆錢?！灸M試題模

17、擬試題】 1. plastics _ many other materials. a. has taken place ofb. has taken the place of c. are in place ofd. is instead of 2. we went to professor lis yesterday. he gave us _. a. some adviceb. advices c. an adviced. some advices 3. i hope you had _. are you tired? a. a good travelb. good trip c. a g

18、ood travelingd. a good journey 4. you have made _. you should be more careful. a. a lot of mistake b. a great deal of mistakes c. a large number of mistakes d. few mistake 5. my sister has _. a. a piece of jewelry b. a jewelry c. a little of jewels d. a bit jewelry 6. _ is made of _. a. glass, glass

19、es b. a glass, glass c. a glass, glasses d. glasses, glasses 7. oh, john _ you gave us! a. how a pleasant surprise b. how pleasant surprise c. what a pleasant surprise d. what pleasant surprise 8. what _ ! we were wet all over. a. heavy rain b. heavy rains c. a heavy rain d. big rain 9. we used to p

20、lay _ when we were young. a. in the sand b. in the sands c. on the sand d. on the sands 10. there _ in my class. which of them do you want to see? a. is john b. are three johns c. are the johns d. is the john 11. the whole box of matches _ wet. we cant light any one. a. is b. are c. was d. were 12.

21、a cow has four _. a. stomachs b. stomaches c. heads d. eyes 13. there _ on the wall. they are very beautiful. a. are photos b. are photosc. is a photo d. is photos 14. the _ of the cottage were covered with _. a. roofs, leafs b. roofs, leaves c. rooves, leafs d. rooves, leaves 15. zhang lin and zhang hong are _ .