中南民族大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文寫作規(guī)范_第1頁
中南民族大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文寫作規(guī)范_第2頁
中南民族大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文寫作規(guī)范_第3頁
中南民族大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文寫作規(guī)范_第4頁
中南民族大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文寫作規(guī)范_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩11頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

1、中南民族大學(xué)外語學(xué)院英語專業(yè)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文寫作規(guī)范1. 論文選題、開題1.1選題原則學(xué)士學(xué)位論文選題應(yīng)盡可能解決與英語專業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)相關(guān)的實(shí)際問題,采取教師命題和學(xué)生選題相結(jié)合的方式。選題必須遵循以下原則:1) 選題內(nèi)容必須與英語語言文學(xué)專業(yè)有關(guān),與所授學(xué)位一致,符合學(xué)生所在專業(yè)的培養(yǎng)方向(英語語言學(xué)、英美文學(xué)、翻譯、商務(wù)英語);2) 選題要有新意,注重發(fā)揮學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性,學(xué)生可以選擇與專業(yè)傾向相關(guān)的課題或根據(jù)自己的興趣、特長選題,要有利于提高學(xué)生綜合解決問題的能力;3) 選題不能過寬或過窄,難易適當(dāng),應(yīng)考慮資料、資源、時間等因素條件;4) 一人一題,近兩年內(nèi)已寫過的題目不得重寫。1.2論文開題學(xué)院每

2、年11月舉行學(xué)士學(xué)位論文開題報告,由各教研室具體安排。開題報告通過者方能進(jìn)行論文寫作,未通過者則需重新開題直到通過為止。2. 論文構(gòu)成及打印格式2.1 論文結(jié)構(gòu)論文用英文撰寫,嚴(yán)禁任何形式的剽竊或抄襲。全部采用MLA格式,正文部分采用英文的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(中文摘要和引用的中文原文除外)。論文內(nèi)容包括:1) 中文封頁2) 英文封頁3) 原創(chuàng)性聲明頁 4) 致謝頁5) 英文摘要 6) 中文摘要 7) 目錄8) 表格排列(可選項(xiàng))9) 圖示排列(可選項(xiàng))10) 論文正文11) 參考文獻(xiàn)12) 附錄(可選項(xiàng),不計為正文字?jǐn)?shù))13) 封底(空白紙)論文長度在6000詞以上,以每頁300詞計算(以word文檔中

3、“字?jǐn)?shù)統(tǒng)計”欄第二行的字?jǐn)?shù)為參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),至少20頁面。語言學(xué)類論文的各部分內(nèi)容大致分配如下(文學(xué)類論文無固定格式,以指導(dǎo)教師的意見為主):Elements of StructureNumber of WordsNumber of PagesTable of Contents2Acknowledgements1Abstract250-3001中文摘要250-3001(List of Tables)1(可選項(xiàng))(List of Figures)1(可選項(xiàng))Introduction6002Literature review and/or theoretical preliminaries, etc.

4、15005Research method, data analysis and results24008Discussion9003Conclusion6002Works Cited1-2(Appendix)1-6(可選項(xiàng))2.2打印用紙、頁面設(shè)置按規(guī)定格式單面打印,紙張大小一律使用國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)A4型復(fù)印紙。頁面設(shè)置:版心為297×210mm;頁邊距要求:每一面的上方(T)2.54 cm,下方(B)2.54cm,左(L)3.17 cm,右(R)3.17 cm,裝訂線(T)0.5 cm,裝訂線位置(T)左,頁碼設(shè)置為:插入頁碼,居中;其余設(shè)置采取系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)設(shè)置。2.3字體字號2.3.1字體:

5、中文采用宋體;英文采用Times New Roman2.3.2字號居中的標(biāo)題:三號加粗一級標(biāo)題:四號加粗二級標(biāo)題:小4號加粗三級及以下標(biāo)題和正文:小4號2.4行距1.5倍3. 正文寫作的基本格式3.1單詞拼寫1)單詞拼寫應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照權(quán)威詞典的要求(引用部分照錄原文即可),且自始至終保持一致;同時,還應(yīng)注意以下幾個問題:2)若某單詞在同一詞典中有兩種拼寫形式,盡量選取排在首位的形式;3)一般情況(非引用部分)不得用口語化的省略式(contraction)如Im, You cant之類;4)應(yīng)注意合成詞中各部分的連接問題,下列情況應(yīng)使用連字符“-”: 前綴后緊跟大寫字母、數(shù)字、縮寫詞、帶連字符的合成

6、詞等,如:anti-America, post-1990, pre-SARS等;用作前置定語的合成詞中含有self-, half-, quasi-, all-等,如all-round, self-importance等;用做前置定語的合成詞中含有用來修飾形容詞或分詞的副詞well, ill, better, lesser, least 等,如well-established, better-educated, ill-fitting等;用作前置定語的合成詞中含有用來修飾名詞的數(shù)詞,如third-floor, nineteenth-century等;用做前置定語的短語,如out-of-date,

7、 a neither-yes-nor-no attitude等;用于合成詞兩部分之間出現(xiàn)相同的元音字母時,co-operative, de-escalate等;用于合成詞中,避免造成誤解,如re-sign (to sign again), re-form (to form again)等。3.2大寫規(guī)則1)句子開頭的第一個單詞的首字母必須大寫,I 和OK等詞總是大寫;2)標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題中的實(shí)詞和含五個及以上字母的虛詞要大寫其首字母,緊鄰冒號、破折號后面的單詞一律大寫首字母,如:The Word Finder: A Dictionary of Language;3)包括人名、地名、國名、節(jié)日名、書

8、籍報刊名、單位團(tuán)體名在內(nèi)的專有名詞的首字母必須大寫,如Smith, Scotland, Cuba, New Years Eve, Jane Eyre, New York Times, the United Nations等;4)表示語種、民族的名詞或形容詞的首字母必須大寫,如:English, Tibet, the Chinese等;5)大多數(shù)縮略詞的所有字母都應(yīng)該大寫,如IOC, BBC等;6)一些親屬關(guān)系用作稱呼時,其首字母必須大寫,如:Dad, Mom等;7)詩歌每一行的的第一個單詞首字母必須大寫;8)直接引語中位于句首的單詞首字母必須大寫。3.3斷詞換行斷詞換行應(yīng)確保文字內(nèi)容清楚明白,

9、避免由此產(chǎn)生歧義。斷行時,應(yīng)使用連字符“-”在單詞的適當(dāng)位置斷開,并將連字符后面的部分移至下一行。3.2.1可以斷詞的情況1)含有連字符的合成詞,應(yīng)從連字符所在位置斷開,如self-/service, well-/organized等;2)由兩個單詞組成的不帶連接字符的合成詞,應(yīng)在兩個單詞之間斷開,如:home/work, black/board等;3)多音節(jié)單詞應(yīng)該在音節(jié)之間斷開,如:national/ist, temor/rary;若單詞中含有雙寫的輔音字母,則應(yīng)在這兩個字母之間斷開,如sup/per, bid/ding;如果一個動詞中含有一組“輔音字母+l”的字母組合,則應(yīng)在該字母組合前

10、斷開,如:han/dling, tin/kling等;4)以ing結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)在ing之前斷開,如:liv/ing, study/ing等;5)含有詞根和詞綴的復(fù)合詞,應(yīng)在詞根和詞綴之間斷開,如:care/ful, examin/ation等。3.2.2不宜斷詞的情況1)應(yīng)避免可能導(dǎo)致誤解的斷詞,如:read/just (×), wo/man (×)等;2)由一個或兩個字母組成的音節(jié)不能出現(xiàn)在一行的末尾和開始,如:e/nough (×), de/vise (×), real/ly (×)等;3)以“輔音字母+le”結(jié)尾的音節(jié)不宜斷開,如:vis

11、i/ble(×), am/ple(×)等;4)不應(yīng)將縮略詞、數(shù)字、日期、時間等斷開,如只能寫成CNN, 236.45, August 1, 12:45等,而不能斷開;5)不宜跨頁斷詞。3.4縮寫規(guī)則英語中的縮寫形式一般分為兩種:縮寫詞(abbreviation)和縮略詞(acronym)。學(xué)位論文中一般應(yīng)使用公認(rèn)的縮寫形式。若使用某一單詞或短語在文中多次出現(xiàn)而且使用全稱過于繁瑣時,可考慮使用自創(chuàng)的縮寫形式,但必須在第一次使用全稱,隨后的括號中用相應(yīng)的縮寫形式,如The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary (CCD)。若縮寫形式較多,可在目錄中單獨(dú)

12、標(biāo)明。3.5斜體規(guī)則正文里以下情況可以使用斜體:1)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞和短語;2)直接引語中表強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞和短語;3)需要給讀者下定義的詞和短語;4)不常見的非英語單詞和短語,如漢語拼音kongfu、拉丁詞Cathaya Chun et Kung等。3.6作品標(biāo)題3.6.1 需斜體的作品標(biāo)題1)Book: Sister Carrie2)Pamphlet: Regional Dances of Mexico3)Journal: Foreign Languages4)Newspaper: China Daily5)Play: Hamlet6)Long Poem: Leaves of Grass7)Magaz

13、ine: Atlantic Monthly8)Film: Spiderman9)Ballet: Swan Lake10)Opera: Don Giowanni11)Record album, tape, or CD: My life12)Painting: View of Toledo13)Sculpture: Pieta14)Musical Composition identified by name: Pastoral Symphony15)Legal Case: Brown v. Board of Education16)Name of Vehicle: space shuttle At

14、lantis作品標(biāo)題里標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的標(biāo)示:標(biāo)題里的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號和空格都必須打下劃線。如果標(biāo)題在句末出現(xiàn),句末的句號不要打下劃線。特別提示:英文的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號沒有書名號 。3.6.2 使用引號的作品標(biāo)題1)學(xué)術(shù)期刊里的文章:“Ageist Language in Psychological Research”2)雜志里的文章:“Civil Liberties in Cyberspace”3)百科全書里的文章:“Huntington, Collis Potter” 4)論文集里的文章:“The Narrative Quality of Experience”5)短篇故事的標(biāo)題:“The Old Man and

15、 the Sea”6)短的詩歌:“Psalm of Life”7)歌曲的名字:“Only You”8)著作里的某個章節(jié):“Emergence of the Polis”9)講座的題目:“Resume Writing Skills”3.6.3 不用下劃線、也不用引號的標(biāo)題1)圣書:Holy Bible, Mark, New Testament, Koran2)系列性的著作卷和文章:Approaches to Teaching Master Pieces of World Literature3)特輯:Library of America, Norton Critical Edition4)協(xié)會:

16、American Psychological Association5)著作正文前后的單列部分:forward, preface, introduction, appendix, glossary, chapter, act, volume, scene3.6.4標(biāo)題里的標(biāo)題1)標(biāo)題里有引號的標(biāo)題,應(yīng)將其引號也打下劃線:Coleridges “Kubla Khan”2)雙引號里的標(biāo)題的雙引號應(yīng)改變?yōu)閱我枺骸癆 Reading of Coleridges Kubla Khan”3)有下劃線的標(biāo)題出現(xiàn)在有引號的標(biāo)題里,下劃線仍然保存:“A Principle of Unity in Woolfs

17、 To the Lighthouse” (To the Lighthouse is a novel mentioned in the title of an article)4)有下劃線的標(biāo)題出現(xiàn)在另一個有下劃線的標(biāo)題里,去掉原下劃線:Imagery in Woolfs To the Lighthouse (To the Lighthouse is the title of a novel mentioned in the title of another book)3.7數(shù)字的寫法1)四位數(shù)字的街道號碼、頁碼、序列號、小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)字以及四位數(shù)的日期不用逗號分開:10814 Main Str

18、eet; On Page 1085; the fossil dates from 9000 to 10,000 B.C.; the serial number is 77732843; pie is 3.14159265;2)分?jǐn)?shù)表示法:不含總數(shù)的分?jǐn)?shù)用單詞拼寫: two-thirds of the population;3)百分比的表示:拼寫出“percent”,像“39 percent”, 39 % 只在圖表里用;4)統(tǒng)計計算必須用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示:Only 2 of the 34 tests are valid;5)帶有縮寫形式或符號的數(shù)字必須用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字:6 ft, 27 mm, $ 9

19、9;6)日期表示法:On 22 July 1989 the group met for the first time 7)夾注里的數(shù)字表示:如果其它數(shù)字相同,后面只需要兩位數(shù):121-48;如果只有兩位數(shù),它們都要拼寫出來:48-49, 45-68;在 AD,BC等縮寫里省略點(diǎn),不用寫成 A.D./B.C.3.8段落里的列舉1)可用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字或者小寫字母: The steps in writing a research paper includes (1) choosing a topic, (2) preparing a working, (3) outlining, and (4) wri

20、ting the paper. 或The steps in writing a research paper includes (a) choosing a topic, (b) preparing a working, (c) outlining, and (d) writing the paper.2)如列舉太長,容易引起歧義,則用以下模式:The author made three recommendations for the markets open:(1) Companies must step up strategic planning. (The paragraph may c

21、ontinue.)(2) Business in numbers.(3) Non-European at high levels.3)如果列舉項(xiàng)在語法上為陳述句的一部分,詞或者詞組列舉如下:The syllabus for the seminar included sessions ona. new systems of discourse,b. the rhetorical inheritance, andc. literacy.3.9 如果正文里引用別人的提綱,則采用通常的提綱形式:1. First Main Topic 1.1. First Subordinate Idea 1.1.1

22、First Supporting Detail First Minor Supporting Detail Second Minor Supporting Detail1.1.2 Second Supporting Detail 1.2 Second Subordinate Detail2. Second Main Topic 3.10摘要寫作 3.10.1實(shí)證性研究要點(diǎn)(語言學(xué)類)1)Topic Specification(主體闡述)2)Background Information(背景信息)3)Purpose Statement(目的陳述)4)Methodo

23、logy and Data(方法論和語料)5)Results/Findings(結(jié)果/發(fā)現(xiàn))6)Implications/Conclusions(啟示/結(jié)論)3.10.2描述性研究要點(diǎn)(文學(xué)類)1)Research Problem(研究的問題)2)Background Information (背景信息)3)Analyses and discussions(分析與討論)4)Conclusions (結(jié)論)4. 正文夾注格式學(xué)位論文引用別人的觀點(diǎn)、方法、言論必須注明出處,注明出處時應(yīng)該使用括號夾注的方法,一般不使用腳注或者尾注,夾注內(nèi)容為論文正文的一部分,即使位于句末,也應(yīng)在句末標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號之前(詳

24、見下文)。4.1轉(zhuǎn)述整篇文獻(xiàn)的觀點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)述整篇文獻(xiàn)(即全書或全文)的觀點(diǎn)有兩種情況:一是作者的姓氏在正文中沒有出現(xiàn),格式為:(姓氏,文獻(xiàn)年份),如:Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor, 1997).二是作者姓氏已在正文同一句中出現(xiàn),直接在其后的括號內(nèi)標(biāo)注文獻(xiàn)年份,如:Taylor (1997) claims that Charlotte and Emily Bro

25、nte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing.在英語論文中引用中文論著,括號中的夾注不得使用漢字,只能用漢語拼音標(biāo)明作者姓名的全稱(姓在前,名在后),再加年份,如:(Zhu Dexi, 1999)4.2引用文獻(xiàn)中具體觀點(diǎn)或文字引用文獻(xiàn)中某一具體觀點(diǎn)或文字時必須注明該觀點(diǎn)或者該段文字出現(xiàn)的年份和頁碼,沒有頁碼是文獻(xiàn)引用不規(guī)范的表現(xiàn),如:1)Ancient writers attributed the invention of the

26、 monochord to Pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century BC (Marcuse, 2004: 197).2)Newmark (1988: 39-40) notes three characteristically expressive text-types: (a) serious imaginative literature (e.g. lyrical poetry); (b) authoritative statements (political speeches and documents, statutes and legal

27、documents, philosophical and academic works by acknowledged authorities); (c) autobiography, essays, personal correspondence (when these are personal effusions). 假若作者姓氏已在同一句中出現(xiàn),則只需要在括號夾注中寫上出版年份和頁碼,如:Ancient writers, according to Marcuse, attributed the invention of the monochord to Pythagoras, who l

28、ived in the sixth century BC (2004:197). 4.3引用多位合作者(co-authors)的一文獻(xiàn)引用兩位合作者的文獻(xiàn),用and連接兩位作者的姓氏,如:Among intentional spoonerisms, the “punlike metathesis of distinctive features may serve to weld together words etymologically unrelated but close in their sound and meaning” (Jakobson and Waugh, 2006: 304)

29、. 引用三位合作者的文獻(xiàn),應(yīng)在括號夾注中用逗號分隔第一、二位作者的姓氏,用and連接第二、三位作者的姓氏,如:(Alton, Davies and Rice ,1999: 56)引用四位及以上的作者的文獻(xiàn),在第一位作者姓氏后寫上et al (拉丁文,相當(dāng)于英語的“and others”),如:The study was extended for two years, and only after results were reviewed by an independent panel did the researchers publish their findings (Blaine et

30、al., 2003:35). 4.4引用相同姓氏的不同作者(more than one author with the same last name)若兩個或兩個以上作者的姓氏相同,則括號夾注中應(yīng)同時寫上他們的名字,如:Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (Rich Miller, 2002: 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A

31、rthur Miller, 2002: 46). 引用中文著作或期刊時,應(yīng)在括號夾注中寫上作者姓名全稱的漢語拼音,如:(Wang Shuren, 2007: 26)(Wang Jiangxiang, 2006: 30) 4.5引用機(jī)構(gòu)作者(corporate author)引用機(jī)構(gòu)作者的作品,括號夾注中應(yīng)使用團(tuán)體的名稱,如:It was apparent that the American health care system needed “to be fixed and perhaps radically modified” (Public Agenda Foundation, 2001:

32、 4). 4.6引用無名作者文獻(xiàn)(anonymous author)引用無名作者文獻(xiàn),如果文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)題沒有出現(xiàn)在正文里,則括號夾注中應(yīng)使用該標(biāo)題或者(如果標(biāo)題過長的話)使用該標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞組,如:An anonymous Wordsworth critic once argued that his poems were too emotional (“Wordsworth Is A Loser”, 2000: 100).在使用關(guān)鍵詞組時應(yīng)該選擇標(biāo)題開始部分的詞組。獨(dú)立出版物的標(biāo)題或者標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞組用斜體標(biāo)出,出版物內(nèi)含的作品名稱以及未出版作品(講演等)的標(biāo)題或者標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞組用引號標(biāo)出。4.7

33、引用書信、談話中的觀點(diǎn)或文字書信和談話(含電子郵件、訪談、電話等)無法在正文后面的參考文獻(xiàn)中列出,但應(yīng)該在正文中使用括號夾注的方法注明出處。例如:1) Jesse Moore (telephone conversation, 12 May 1989) admitted the need for an in-depth analysis of the otherness expressed in the work. 2) Researchers may observe that Chinese English majors with no overseas experience often ha

34、ve a better command of English than American foreign language majors with no overseas experience have of the language they study (Eugene Nida A., personal communication, November 8, 1986). 4.8引用同一作者的多篇文獻(xiàn)引用同一作者的不同文獻(xiàn),按發(fā)表時間的先后排列,如:(Zhang, Weiyou, 1997: 20; 2004: 78)。 同一作者發(fā)表于同一年份的文獻(xiàn),應(yīng)在年份后加字母a, b以示區(qū)別(正文后

35、的參考文獻(xiàn)也作同樣處理),如:(Bloom, 2003a:307; 2003b: 426)。 4.9同時引用不同作者的多篇文獻(xiàn)(more than one work by the same author)括號夾注可以包括不同作者的多篇文獻(xiàn),文獻(xiàn)按作者姓氏的字母順序排列(注意分號的使用),如:The dangers of mountain lions to humans have been well documented (Rychnovsky, 2001: 40; Seidensticker, 2002: 114; Williams, 1998: 30).4.10引用非直接文獻(xiàn)(indirec

36、t source)論文應(yīng)盡可能避免使用非直接文獻(xiàn)(即二級文獻(xiàn)secondary source),但在無法找到直接文獻(xiàn)(即一級文獻(xiàn)primary source)的情況下,引文可以從非直接文獻(xiàn)中析出,如:Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (qtd. in Boswell, 1993: 450).(注意:“qtd. in”中的字母“i”不能大寫。)引用非直接文獻(xiàn)以后,在正文后的參考文獻(xiàn)中只需列入該非直接文獻(xiàn)的條目(即上述實(shí)例中Boswell的相應(yīng)文獻(xiàn))。4.11引用文學(xué)作品和經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)注意以下幾種

37、情況:1)引用劇本時應(yīng)標(biāo)出引文的幕、場、行,如:In his famous advice to players, Shakespeares Hamlet defines the purpose of theater, “whose end, both at the first and now, was and is, to hold, as twere, the mirror up to nature” (Act III, Scene 2, L21-23).2)在引用詩歌時應(yīng)標(biāo)出引文的節(jié)、行,如:When Homers Odysseus comes to the hall of Circe,

38、he finds his men “mild/ in her soft spell, fed on her drug of evil” (Stanza 10, L 209-11). 3)引用有章節(jié)、分冊的小說時,應(yīng)標(biāo)出引文所在的冊數(shù)、章節(jié)、頁碼,如:One of Kingsolvers narrators, teenager Rachel, pushes her vocabulary beyond its limits. For example, Rachel complains that being forced to live in the Congo with her missionar

39、y family is “a sheer tapestry of justice” because her chances of finding a boyfriend are “dull and void” (Bk. 2, Ch. 10, P117).4)引用圣經(jīng)、可蘭經(jīng)等經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)時,應(yīng)標(biāo)出引文的篇、章、節(jié),如:Consider the words of Solomon: “If your enemies are hungry, give them food to eat. If they are thirsty, give them water to drink” (Bible, Prov

40、. 25. 21).例子里的括號夾注表示引文來自舊約圣經(jīng)的箴言篇第25章第21節(jié)。圣經(jīng)各篇的縮寫有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的寫法,因而使用時應(yīng)該注意核對。4.12對引文內(nèi)容的更改直接引語如出現(xiàn)在正文中間,使用引語的句子不得違反英語語法,不得出現(xiàn)“句中句”。正確:So it is not like what Luthi calls “entering effortlessly into fruitful contact with distant worlds” (1993: 63).正確:Max Luthi points out that the first apparent thing in the fairyt

41、ale is that it portrays its hero as “isolated” and often as “an old child” (1993: 59).錯誤:So it is not like what Luthi calls “enter effortlessly into fruitful contact with distant worlds” (1993: 63). 錯誤:Max Luthi points out: “The first thing that is apparent in the fairytale is that it portrays its h

42、ero as isolated. He is often an old child”(1993: 59). 為了使含直接引語的句子合乎語法,往往有必要對引語的文字作一定的更改。如果要刪除引語中個別詞句,可以用省略號(ellipses “”)取代刪除的詞句。如果要加入或者更改個別單詞或者詞組,則可以將需要加入或者更改的單詞或詞組放在方括號(square brackets“ ”)以內(nèi)。例如:刪除詞句:He stated, “The placebo effect, . disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner” (Smith, 19

43、82: 276), but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied. 添加詞組:Smith (1982: 276) found that “the placebo effect, which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when his own and others behaviors were studied in this manner.”無論刪改還是添加字詞均不得變更引語的原意。注意:如果刪除是在句內(nèi),應(yīng)該空一格以后再加省略號。如果刪除是在一句整句以后,則應(yīng)在

44、該整句最后的標(biāo)點(diǎn)(句號、問號或驚嘆號)不空格直接加省略號。省略號應(yīng)該用三個句點(diǎn)。4.13 長引文的格式直接引用5行及以上的長引文時,應(yīng)將其與正文分開,具體格式如下:1)論文正文與引文之間用冒號連接,并空一行;2)長引文首尾不用引號,采用5號字體以示與正文的區(qū)別;3)長引文如果僅有1段,首行空10字符,以后每行空5個字符,如:In the 1950s, for example, while Ellington was still alive, Raymond Horricks compared him with Ravel, Delius, and Debussy:The continually

45、 enquiring mind of Ellingtonhas sought to extend steadily the imaginative boundaries of the musical form on which it subsists. Ellington since the mid-1930s has been engaged upon extending both the imagery and the formal construction of written jazz. (2000: 102)Ellingtons earliest attempt to move be

46、yond the three-minute limit received . 4)長引文如果有2段或者2段以上,則每自然段的首行空10個字符,其余各行空5字符Figures in literature are either flat characters (one dimensional figures, figures with simple personalities) or round characters (complex figures). The characters described in the first chapter of The Great Gatsby can we

47、ll be regarded as flat:I never saw this great-uncle, but Im supposed to look like himwith special reference to the rather hard-boiled painting that hangs in fathers office. I graduated from New Haven in 1915, just a quarter of a century after my father, and a little later I participated in that dela

48、yed Teutonic migration known as the Great War. (1998: 89)However, F. Scott Fitzgerald succeeds in changing these flat figures into round ones through his master-hand writing skills and in-depth characterization. 4.14用例格式語言學(xué)或翻譯方向論文中的舉例,采用中括號“”的形式統(tǒng)一編號,但必須指明用例來源。所舉例子若不是為了探討翻譯方法或技巧的需要,而只是舉例說明漢語中也有這種情況,或

49、僅作英漢/漢英對比,不必譯成中文。5. 參考文獻(xiàn)格式 “參考文獻(xiàn)”在MLA格式里稱作Works Cited,文獻(xiàn)條目必須與正文夾注保持一致。5.1參考文獻(xiàn)的總體書寫要求1) Works Cited另起一頁,與正文分開;2) 所有文獻(xiàn)按作者姓氏首字母排序(機(jī)構(gòu)作者按首字排列,無名作者按書名的英文字母排序),格式為:第一(或唯一作者)作者:姓,名;第二及其他作者:名(+空格)姓。中國人名按漢語拼音拼寫,即:姓,名(全稱)。3) 正文夾注不得使用漢字。因此,所有中文參考書目需要按照英文的MLA格式翻譯成英文,然后按照首字母順序參與英文文獻(xiàn)條目排列。所有中文文獻(xiàn)必須譯成對應(yīng)的英文(注:有些文獻(xiàn)如專著及

50、出版社、論文及期刊有英文譯名,可直接借用),格式為:中文文獻(xiàn)的英文翻譯,(中文文獻(xiàn));4) 所有外文書名、雜志、期刊名稱應(yīng)該斜體,且實(shí)詞和含有五個及以上字母的虛詞的首字母大寫;文章名稱用引號,不用斜體,單詞大寫格式跟書刊名稱一樣;5) 中文文獻(xiàn)中的論文、專著等不用書名號;6) 所有的參考文獻(xiàn)不用序號,但應(yīng)該平行排列、對齊,一條文獻(xiàn)移行時向右縮進(jìn)5個字符;7) 所有文獻(xiàn)不采用文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼5.2參考文獻(xiàn)的具體書寫格式5.2.1著錄已發(fā)表的文章1)一位作者寫的文章 (Article by one author)Stewart, Donald C. “What Is an English Major,

51、and What Should It Be?” College Composition and Communication, 1989(40): 188-202.注意: 作者的姓名應(yīng)完整,應(yīng)標(biāo)明首名的全稱和中間名的首字母; 期刊名與期刊卷數(shù)之間用逗號隔開; “1989”表示出版年份,隨后的“(40)”表示期數(shù),不需要寫雜志的卷數(shù); 標(biāo)題的第一個單詞和冒號后第一個單詞的首字母必須大寫,其余的單詞,包括實(shí)詞和含有五個及以上字母的虛詞的首字母也必須大寫。2)多位合作者寫的文章 (Article by co-authors)兩位合作者寫的文章,格式如下:first name, second name

52、(第一作者) and second name first name(第二作者), name of article. name of journal, year (volume number): page numbers. Brownell, Hiram H. and Heather H. Potter. “Inference Deficits in Right-Brain Damaged Patients”. Brain and Language, 1986(27): 310-21. 引用三位合作者的文獻(xiàn),應(yīng)用逗號分隔第一、二位作者的姓氏,用and連接第二、三位作者的姓氏,如:(Alton,

53、Davies, and Rice ,1999: 56)三位及以上作者合寫的文章,在第一作者的姓和名后寫上et al.,如:Mascia-Lees, Frances E., et al. “Double Liminality and the Black Woman Writer”. American Behavioral Scientist, 1987(31): 101-14. 3)書評、影評、電視節(jié)目評論等(Review)Kidd, John. “The Scandal of Ulysses.” Rev. of Ulysses: The Corrected Text, by Hans Walt

54、er Gabler. New York Review of Books, 30 June 1988: 32-39. 4)收集在書籍中的文章(Selection from an edited book)Glover, David. “The Stuff That Dreams Are Made of: Masculinity, Femininity, and the Thriller”. Ed. Gender, Genre and Narrative Pleasure. Derek Longhurst. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989: 67-83.注意:“Ed.”代表“編”

55、;編者的姓和名均用全稱。5)雜志中的文章 Miller, Mark Crispen. “Massa, Come Home”. New Republic, 16 Sept. 1981: 29-32.注:著錄引用雜志中的文章應(yīng)標(biāo)明雜志的出版日期。6)報紙中的文章“Literacy on the job”. Today, 27 Dec. 1988: 6B. 7)百科全書中的文章(An entry in an encyclopedia)Mohanty, Jitendra M. “Indian Philosophy”. The New Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropaed

56、ia . 15th ed. 1987. 8)政府文件(A government publication)United States. National Council on Disability. Promises to Keep: A Decade of Federal Enforcement of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Washington: GPO, 2000. 5.2.2著錄已出版的書籍1)一位作者寫的書籍 Graff, Gerald. Professing Literature: An Institutional History.

57、Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.2)新版書(Book with a new edition)Erikson, Erik. Childhood and Society. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1963. 3)機(jī)構(gòu)作者寫的書籍(Book with a corporate author) College Board. College-bound Seniors: 1989 SAT Profile. New York: College Entrance Examination Board, 1989. 4)無作者的書籍(Book with no author)Guidelines for the Workload of College English Teacher. Urbana: National Council of Teachers of English, 1987. 5)編撰的書籍(Edited boo

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論