初中英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納

1、初中英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納 時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的內(nèi)容，廣闊初中學(xué)生在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí)，往往對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)總是倍感棘手，下面我們就歸納復(fù)習(xí)一下這幾種時(shí)態(tài)。  1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： Always(總是), usually(通常), often(經(jīng)常), sometimes(有時(shí)候), every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays ,etc.根本結(jié)構(gòu)： 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞單三+其他否認(rèn)句 主語(yǔ)+doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句 Do

2、es+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他肯定答復(fù) Yes，主語(yǔ)+does否認(rèn)答復(fù) No，主語(yǔ)+doesn't 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 否認(rèn)句 主語(yǔ)+don't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句 Do+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他例句：I never get up early on Sundays. 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞when,where,who,how ,etc.+一般疑問句 2、一般過去時(shí)： 概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yest

3、erday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 根本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他否認(rèn)形式did+not+do+其他;一般疑問句did+主語(yǔ)+do+其他？例句：I went to Italy .I visited museums and sat in public gardens 3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at this time(在這

4、一刻), these days, etc. 根本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing 否認(rèn)形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。 4、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 概念： 1表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。2 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生了。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time在那一刻或以when、while引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。 根本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing 否認(rèn)形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑問句：把was或were

5、放于句首。 While與when(1)用while連接while只接doing例:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持續(xù)動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)一致)(2when表示when可以接doing或did，when后動(dòng)作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，用doing，時(shí)間短，用did例:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(間接表達(dá)了具體時(shí)間)例句: I was having breakfast when the telephone rang 5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造

6、成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently, lately, since(自從),for長(zhǎng)達(dá),in the past few years, etc. 根本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過去分詞+其他.否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞+其他.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句have/has+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞+其他？例句：I have just received a letter from my brother. 6、

7、過去完成時(shí)： 概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： after，when, as soon as(一.就.), until, before,  by the end of到為止 last year(term, month),etc. 根本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞+其他.否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ)+had+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞+其他?肯定答復(fù)：Yes,主語(yǔ)+had.否認(rèn)答復(fù)：No,主語(yǔ)+had not .例句：The children ra

8、n away after they had broken the window.As soon as the sun had set we returned to our hotel.I had not understood the problem until he explained it . 7、一般將來(lái)時(shí)： 概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、方案或準(zhǔn)備做某事。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 根本結(jié)構(gòu)：a

9、m/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否認(rèn)形式：was/were + not; 在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)復(fù)原行為動(dòng)詞。 一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 例句：I will meet him at the harbour early in the morning. 注：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing 將來(lái)某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行。(用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)提問更加客氣，禮貌。能用will be doing 都能換成will do 表達(dá)。但語(yǔ)氣、含義稍有不同)例句：Tomorrow evening they will b

10、e singing at the workers Club. 8、過去將來(lái)時(shí)： 概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 根本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否認(rèn)形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 一般過去將來(lái)時(shí)常用在間接引語(yǔ)中&#

11、160;例句：She said that Mr.Jones would see you now.他說(shuō)過瓊斯先生現(xiàn)在要見你。 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞when,where,who,how ,etc.+一般疑問句 . 幾種常見時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換，以下是幾種常見的轉(zhuǎn)換形式：一、       一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。I have bought a car.I have had the car for 3 week

12、sI havent bought anything for 3 months 但是，可用別的表達(dá)方式：瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago的一般過去時(shí)的句型中；瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)，與一段時(shí)間連用；瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過去時(shí)的句型中，表示“自從以來(lái)有時(shí)間的意思，主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been;瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過去時(shí)的句型中。請(qǐng)看： A.   He joined the League li: 聯(lián)盟two years ago.

13、B.   He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、       一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)，如at work在工作, at school上學(xué)、上課等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看： Peter is at work, but Mi

14、ke is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、       現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來(lái)，媽媽！請(qǐng)看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 四、“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)的

15、轉(zhuǎn)換 “be going to+動(dòng)詞原形、表示打算、方案要做的事；將來(lái)時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)在書面語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語(yǔ)中，所有人稱都可以用will。請(qǐng)看： We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.  動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析 一、根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài)的原那么 1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. has

16、 been on D. began 析 1.since后接時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)，for后接時(shí)間段，主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，應(yīng)注意瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的使用。 二、特殊疑問句2.How staying? for five days.A.long they will be B.they will be C.long will they be D.long they be  析 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞when,where,who,how ,etc.+一般疑問句 三、根據(jù)上下文已有時(shí)態(tài)信息點(diǎn)確定時(shí)態(tài)的原那么 3. When this kind of computer ? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; u