《定語從句》word版

1、.定語從句I. 定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時(shí)，常可以省略，但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe bo

2、y (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定語I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that人，物主語，賓語A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主語，賓語The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The p

3、icture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主語，賓語He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因狀語I can

4、t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for whichII. that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別：情況用法說明例句只用that的情況1   先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時(shí)。2   先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時(shí)3   先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)4   先

5、行詞既指人又指物時(shí)5   先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)6   句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only ma

6、n that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情況1   在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2   在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3   先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時(shí)多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I l

7、ike the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.III. as與which的區(qū)別：定語從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語從句中名詞前有such和the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定語從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主

8、句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.IV. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：類別語法意義及特征例句限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞作