初中英語中考冠詞復習資料超詳細

1、（一 ） 知識概要冠詞在英語中只有3 個詞， 分為兩類：不定冠詞a與an， 定冠詞the。a 用在以輔音開始的單數(shù)名詞前，an 用于以元音開始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)前。（二 ） 正誤辨析誤 This building is an university.正This building is a university.析a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前，而 an用于以元音音素開始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開頭的單詞前。university 的第一個音素是 j ，所以用a 而不要用an。又如：Th

2、ere is a “ n” in the word.是錯句，應為：There is an “ n” in the word. 因字母 n 的發(fā)音的第一個音素是元音。要注意的還有hour 因其第一個字母h 不發(fā)音，所以應該用 an hour。例如：I need an hour to finish the work.It is a useful dictionary.It is a European country.I bought a used car.誤 I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.正 I need an umbrella b

3、ecause it looks like raining.析 因 umbrella 的第一個音素是元音，所以應用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy。誤“ Can you help me”“ Sorry, I'm in hurry.”正“ Can you help me”“ Sorry. I'm in a hurry.”1. 用來表示一類人或事物，如：She is a teacher.2. 指某一類人或事物中的一個，如： An elep

4、hant is bigger than a horse.3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.4. 相當于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.5. 其主要的難點是用在固定詞組中：如： have a walk/a rest /a look又如： in a hurry 匆匆忙忙make a face 作鬼臉do somebody a favour 幫某人忙a number of =many又如： have a good time 玩得好()have a cold (感冒)h

5、ave a headache頭痛 ()have a break=have a rest誤I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.正I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.析 在文章中第一次提到某物時用不定冠詞，而第二次提到時用定誤Please turn offlights before you leave.正Please turn offthe lights before you leave.析 雖然是第一次提到某物但說話雙方均知其

6、所指，也應用定冠詞。誤There are nineplanets around a sun.正There are nineplanets around the sun.析世上獨一無二的天體等名詞前應加定冠詞，如：the earth, themoon, the sun, the sky, the sea.誤 I live on a second floor of this building.正 I live on the second floor of this building.析 在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前要用定冠詞。如： He is the oldest inthe family.誤I wa

7、nt to learn the second language this term.正I want to learn a second language this term.析 在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其意在于再學一個，再來一個時，應用a， 本句的意思應為：這學期我要學一門第二外語。誤 Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.正 The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.析在河流名稱前應加定冠詞，如：the Yellow River（黃河）

8、。誤 Look, there are Alp.誤Look, there are the Alp.正Look, there are the Alps.析具體的某一座山不加定冠詞，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名稱前加定冠詞后，其山名要加s，來表示山脈。the Alps 即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如 :The Alps are in the center of Europe.誤 Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.正 The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.誤 Ri

9、ch are not always happy.正 The rich are not always happy.析在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類人，而在姓的前面加定冠詞，姓后加 s 表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.誤 I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.正 I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.誤The su

10、n rises in east.正The sun rises in the east.析在方向、方位前應用定冠詞，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及 in the past, in the future 誤 Do you know who invented telephone正 Do you know who invented the telephone如： the English Channel 英吉利海峽the Panama Canal巴拿馬運河the Suez Canal 蘇

11、伊士運河誤Would you please buy some food for the supper正Would you please buy some food for supper誤I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.正I like to climb the mountain in autumn.析一年四季前不用定冠詞，如：Spring is the best season in a year.誤Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.正Sometimes my parents come

12、to the schoolto see me.析有些名詞被用作其本身原來所含目的時不加冠詞，如：go toschool 上學，leave school（輟學）， after school（放學），但如果當建筑物講時應加冠詞，如例句中其父母來校不是上學，而是看望孩子，則要加定冠詞。又如，He was in hospital for two days.（ 他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了。）而：He went to the hospital to see his mothe他去醫(yī)院看望他的母r.親。誤 I bought a same dictionary as she bought.正 I bought the

13、 same dictionary as she bought.析在慣用法the same, the only, the very前的定冠詞不可換為不定冠詞。誤The police caught the thief by his arm.正The police caught the thief by the arm.析 這是英文表達法與中文的明顯不同之處，也是初學者極易忽視之處。 在英語中的某些動詞，如：catch（抓 ）， take（拿 ）， strike （打 ）,pat（拍 ），hit（擊 ）， hold（握 ）， pull（拉 ）動詞后應加人，再加介詞on, by, in, with之后

14、要加定冠詞，再加人體的某一部位。這時的定冠詞千萬不要換作his, her, their, 等詞。誤He waspaidby hour.正He waspaidby the hour.析by 和計量單位之間要有定冠詞。這句話應譯為：他的工資是按小時計算的。誤I went toNew York byhis car.正I went toNew York bycar.正I went toNew York inhis car.析by 僅僅與交通工具相連表示應用某種工具，而加了別的修飾詞后其前面的介詞也應作相應的轉換。如：by car （坐小汽車）by taxi（坐出租車）by bike （騎自行車）by

15、water （乘船）by air （乘飛機 ）by sea （乘船）誤Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three.正Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three.析在樂器前要加定冠詞，而在球類游戲之前則不要加冠詞，如：They like to play bridge when they are free. （他們空閑時愛打橋牌）誤The little boy wanted to go to cinema.正The little boy wanted

16、to go to the cinema.析英語中雖有一些名詞與go to 連用時不加定冠詞，以表示該名詞的內涵，如：go to school （上學）， go to bed（睡覺）等，但去看電影則例外，要用go to the cinema這也是語言的一個特點。.誤 I live at 105 the Lake street.正I live at 105 Lake Street.誤Next summer holidayI will go tocountry to liveona farm.正Next summer holidayI will go tothecountry tolive ona

17、farm.析country 既作國家講也作鄉(xiāng)村講。作鄉(xiāng)村講時，一定要加定冠詞，而且只有單數(shù)形式，作國家講時則可有復數(shù)形式。如：Japan is acountry .Japan, China, India are Asian countries.誤The picture looks better at the distance.正The picture looks better at a distance.析 at a distance意為“離開一定距離”。 而in the distance為 “遠方，遠處” 。這樣常用的詞組有：as a rule （照例）in a hurry （匆忙）in t

18、he morning/afternoon （上 /下午）in the sun （在陽光下）in the rain （雨中）in the same way （同樣 ）in the shade 在陰涼處（）in the day time （白天）in the end （最終）on the other hand 換句話說（）on the contrary （相反）誤The little boy and girl walk along the street a hand in a hand.正The little boy and girl walk along the street hand in h

19、and.bit by bit （ 逐漸 ）day after （by） day （一天又一天）day and night （日日夜夜）face to face （面對面）from A to Z （自始至終）from time to time （再三 ）hand in hand （手拉手）shoulder by shoulder （肩并肩）（三 ） 例題解析1 Mr Li is old worker.A a B an C some D /B.析 an 用于元音音素開始的單詞前。2 English isuseful language in world.A an, the B a, the C the, / D /,the答案 B.析因useful 的第一個音素是j ，它是輔音音素。3 What interesting book it is?A a B an C the D /答案 B.析 這是感嘆句，因為移到原一般句前面的強調部分中有可數(shù)名詞book,所以應加冠詞，而interesting的第一音素是元音所以