動詞不定式與非謂語動詞資料

1、左文教苜LdNO WEN CDUCATiCNl 彎交u而i文q i教師學(xué)生授課時間點(diǎn)授課層次授課課題課型教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、知識目標(biāo)：2、能力目標(biāo)：教學(xué)重點(diǎn) 和難點(diǎn)1、重點(diǎn)：2、難點(diǎn)：全國最大的個性化品牌輔導(dǎo) 機(jī)構(gòu)龍文教育個性化輔導(dǎo)教案i 10動詞不定式 不定式：to +動詞原形知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！動詞不定式的基本形式是 “to +動詞原形”，有時可以不帶to。動詞不定式（或不定式 短語）沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語。動詞不定式仍可保留動詞的特 點(diǎn)，即可以有自己的賓語和狀語。動詞不定式同它的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。如：to read the newspaper, to sp

2、eak at the meetin籌動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、 賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語：句法作用例句作賓語She wantedto borrowed my radio.They began to read and write.作狀語She went to see her grandma lastSunday.He came to give us a talk yesterday.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Lucy asked him to turn off the radio. She asked meto speak more loudly Jim tol

3、d Ling Feng to go home at once The father made his sonstudy hard.作定語Have you got anything to say?I had something to eat this morning .作主語To learn a foreign languageis not easy.注：作主語用的動詞不定式常常為it替代，動詞不定式（或短語）放在后面。例如：It is not easyto learn a foreign language.It took us three daysto do the work.動詞不定式的否定

4、形式由“not動詞不定式”構(gòu)成.如：Tell him not to be late.The policeman told the boysnot to play in the street.1南京龍文教育全國最大的個性化品牌輔導(dǎo)4）不止式省去to的情況：在感目動詞see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel和使役 動詞make, have, let等所接的賓語中（不定式做賓語不足語），不定式應(yīng)省去to。但是在被動語態(tài)中不能省。如：Let me listen to you sing the song.He watched his son play comp

5、uter games.I saw him run away.He was seen to run away.The boss make the workers work the whole night.-The workers were made to work the whole night.5）動詞不定式和疑問詞連用動詞不定式可以和疑問詞 what ,which, how, where, when等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語。如： The question is when to start.I don ' t knowhere to go .He showed mehow to use

6、a computer.What to do is a big problem.例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！翻譯下列句子，說出句中不定式的作用：1. To grow plants is very important.2. It is so nice to hear your voice.3. My dream is to be a pilot.4. He began to read and write at the age of five.5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.6. Tom came to see me last night

7、.7. I am glad to see you.8. Have you got anything to say?9. There are many places to see in China.1. .I asked him not to open the window.11. I don ' t know what to buy for you.12. I saw him dance.13. He often helps me clean the room.14. They are too shy to speak English.15. He was lucky enough t

8、o find his watch.16. I want you to go there together with me.解析：1、To grow plants 做主語；2、to hear your voice做主語；3、to be a pilot 作表語； 4、to read and write作賓語；5、to speak more loudly作賓語補(bǔ)足語；6、to see me乍狀語； 7、to see you作狀語；8、to say作定語；9、to see作定語；10、not to open the window 作賓語補(bǔ)足語；11、what to buy作賓語；12、dance作賓語

9、補(bǔ)足語（省略to） ; 13、clean the room 作賓語補(bǔ)足語（省略 to） ; 14、to speak English作狀語;15、to find his watch 作狀語；16、to go there together with me乍賓語補(bǔ)足語。練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！選擇最佳答案填空：1. Tell him the light.A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn2. It took us more than two hours the dinner.16南京龍文教育A. prepar

10、e B. preparing3. We felt the earthC. to prepareD. to be preparedA. move B. moveing4. The students were madeC. to movethe text ten times.D. be movedA. readB. readingC. to read D. to be read5. The chair looks rather hardA. to sitB. to sit on6. Nobody knows next.A. what to do B. to do what,but in fact

11、it is very comfortable.C. sittingD. sitC. which to do D. how to do7. It is very important us these words.A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering8.English well, one must have a lot practice.A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak9. I ' m going to the l

12、ibrary the books.A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend10. We went to town some shopping.A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do11. The funny story me laugh.A. make B. making C. to make D. made12. After the final exam, I think all the students want.A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a restC.

13、to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest13. It is very kind you to help me with my housework. It is hard me to do allthe work.A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for14. Many people think it very difficult English.A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking15. The teacher asked the stu

14、dents her the word again.A. listen to; to read B. to hear; sayC. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce16. Remember the book here tomorrow.A. bringB. to bringC. take D. to take17. -Let's have a rest, shall we?-Not now. I don't want to stop the letter yet.A. write B. to write C. writi

15、ng D. and write18. -This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me, Wang Lin?-Sure.A. what to work it outB. what to work out itC. how to work it outD. how to work out it19 .- How can I improve my spoken English?-You have to practise as much as you can.A. speak B. speakingC. spoken D. to spea

16、k20 . - How about going hiking this weekend?-Sorry. I prefer rather thanA. to stay at home, go outC. staying at home, go out1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD8. to go out, stay at homeD. going out, stay at home11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA非謂語動詞1 .定義：非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞，即動詞的非謂語形式。約占中考10%。2 .分類：動詞不定式、v-ing形式和過去分詞。1 .動詞不定式

17、1)構(gòu)成：(not) to do / (not) do2)句法功能：(1)作主語：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是很難 的。To lose your heart means failure.灰心意味著失敗。動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式置于句后，例如上面兩句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是很難 的。It means failure to lose your heart.灰心、

18、意味著失敗。常用句式：It+be+名詞+to do sth.It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.It+be+形容詞 +of /forsb +to do sth.常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise,等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評的形容詞，不定式前的sb.可作其邏輯主語。區(qū)別：當(dāng)使用for時，句中形容詞修飾的是不定式；It ' s necessary for you to study hard .(necessary修飾to stud

19、y hard,表示學(xué)習(xí)努力是有必要的)而用of時，句中形容詞修飾邏輯主語。It ' s foolish of him to do itfoolish 修飾邏輯主語 him)(2)作表語：Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作是打掃大廳。seem作連系動詞，其后的to be不定式可省。She seems to be ill today.= She seems ill.= It seems that she is ill.(3)作賓語：常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, prete

20、nd,refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer,I hope to get good grades. I want to help you.注意：如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用 it作形式賓語，真正的賓語(不定 式)后置，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面。I found it difficult to learn math well.動詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語。I have no choice but to stay here我只能留在這里，另無選擇。He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.他上周

21、日除了修他的自行車什么也沒干。動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用。He gave us some advice on how to learn English 給了 我們 些學(xué)英語的建議。(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語：在復(fù)合賓語中，動詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，如下動詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.有些動詞如 make, let, see, watch, hear, feel,

22、hav等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動語態(tài)時，不定式要加 to,I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.(5)作定語：動詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。He found a good house to live in.(6)作狀語：表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.他夜以繼日地工作來賺錢。She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.她賣掉了自己的頭發(fā)來買那條表鏈。表結(jié)果(往往是與預(yù)期愿望相反的結(jié)果意料之外)，常位于句

23、尾。He arrived late only to find the train had gone.他來晚了,只見火車已經(jīng)走了。I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜訪他，只見他出去了。表原因：hey were very sad to hear the news.他們聽到這條新聞非常傷心。表程度：It's too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了,我們什么也看不見。表?xiàng)l件：不定式表?xiàng)l件常位于句首。To be heated, liquid will change into gas.如果受熱，液體就會變成氣體。表方式：

24、不定式可接在 as if / as though之后He moved his mouth as if to say something.他嘴唇動了動，好像要說什么»0(7)不定式做獨(dú)立成分To tell you the truth, I don ' t like it.告訴你實(shí)話，我不喜歡它。(8)不定式的省略：保留 to省略do動詞。If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.如果你不想做這件事，你就不必做。(9)不定式的并列：第二個不定式可省略to。He wished to study medicine an

25、d become a doctor.他希望學(xué)醫(yī)并成為醫(yī)生。2 .v-ing 形式1)分類：v-ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞，2)句法功能：(1)作主語：Reading aloud is very helpful.朗讀是很有好處的。(2)作表語：In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.在螞蟻王國,蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。(3)作賓語：They haven't finished building the dam.他們還沒有建好大壩。要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid,

26、excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit (承認(rèn)), deny (否認(rèn)),mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk (冒險(xiǎn)), appreciate (感激),be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help情不自 禁地),think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent (from),keep from, stop (from) ,protect from, spend (in), succeed

27、 in, be used to, look forward to,pay attention to, insist on,(4)作定語：Is there a swimming pool in your school?你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎？3 .過去分詞1)構(gòu)成：-ed2)句法功能：(1)做定語Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.上周一我們班開展了 一次有組織的旅行。(2)做賓語補(bǔ)足語I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。(3)做表語They were f

28、rightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害 怕。注意：1.有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別1) forget to do忘記要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）2) stop to do停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing停止正在做的事3) remember to do記住去做某事（未做） remember doingt己得做過某事（已做）4) regret to do對要做的事遺憾regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔5) try to do盡全力，努力做某事t

29、ry doing嘗試做某事6) mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味著7) go on to do繼而(去做另外一件事情) go on doing繼續(xù)(原先沒有做完的事情)8) propose to do打算(要做某事) proposing doingS議(做某事)9) learn to do 學(xué)著去做某事learn doing 學(xué)會做某事10) can' t help too不能幫助做某事can' t help doing 情不自禁做某事11) used to do 過去做某事be used to doing 習(xí)慣做某事12) e /love/hate/

30、 prefer +to do表示具體行為；+doing sth表示抽象、傾向概念(注)如果這些動詞前有should一詞，其后賓語只跟不定式，不能跟動名詞。I should like to see him tomorrow13) need, want, deserve 動名詞表被動意義；The room needs cleaning.+不定式被動態(tài)表示要(修、清理等)”意思。2.常考句式：1) see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. doing sthl調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行 see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. to do sth® 調(diào)動作發(fā)生的

31、事實(shí)2) keep sb. doing sth.讓某人做某事3) finish doing sth.做完某事4) spend time/money (in) doing sth花費(fèi)時間 /金錢做某事5) have difficulty/trouble doing sth.做某事有困難6) how/what about doing sth?做某事怎么樣？(提建議)【模擬題】一.根據(jù)句意，用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Is it necessary(learn) a foreign language?2. He is good at(swim).3. Do you have anything(s

32、ay) for yourself?4. It ' s spring now. it ' s time(plant) trees.5. Don ' t keep me(wait) for a long time.6. The policeman told the boys not(play) in the street.7. Her son is too young(dress) himself.8. Let ' s(have) a rest, shall we?9. The speaker spoke too quickly for us(understand)

33、.10. The little boy is not old enough(read).11. I asked him(show) me his new pen.12. Knives are used for(cut) things.13. I really don ' t know what(do) next.14. I often hear people(say)“(see) is(believe)15. You ' d better(try) this medicine.16. They said they had nothing(worry) about.17. Can

34、 you finish(read) the book in three days?18. The doctor was busy(operate) on the boy at that time.19. (tell) you the truth, I dislike making friends with him.20. Stop(talk) and listen to me carefully.21. Thank you very much for(help) us.22. Granny is very 川 and she doesn' t feel like(eat) anythi

35、ng.23. Would you like(climb) the mountain with me?24. The girl enjoys(listen) to light music.25. We couldn ' t help(laugh) after we heard the funny story.26. What about(go) out for a walk?II .選擇填空。1. Would you please the door for me?A. holding B. not to hold C. hold D held2. Seeing an old man ge

36、tting off the train, she hurried over things for him.A. carrying B. to carry C. carried D. for carrying3. We d really like you to the party tonight.A.come B. to come C. will come D. should come4. We can do nothing but the experiment.A.to repeat B repeat C. repeating D. repeated5. Have you got any th

37、ing about this matter?A. saying B. to say C said D. say6. He was not try it again.A. such a fool as to B. so a fool as to C. a fool such as to D. a fool so as to7. He was too excited.A. to go to sleeping B. to slept C. to go to sleep D. going to sleep8. We can' t have him _ like that all day.A.t

38、o work B. working C. to be worked D. work 9.She were often heard this song when she was happy.A. sang B singing C. sung D. to be singing10.The train was seen at a very high speed toward the industrial center.A.travel B. travels C. traveled D. traveling1.1. We ' ll soon have a person with us.A. t

39、o work B. working C. worked D works12. has not been decided yet.ATo start when B. Why to start C. When to start D. Start to where13. Do you think it difficult?A. for me to do so B. for my to do so C. for I to do so D. for me doing so14. She keeps telling us.A. what to do B. doing what C. what is doi

40、ng D. do what 15.is not known.A. Whom to begin the running test B. When to begin the running testC. When the running test begin D. How begin to the running test 16.the job alone is impossible.A.To him to do B. For him doing C For him to do D. For he to do 17.it should be made clear.A What to do B. W

41、hy to do C Whom to do D When can do18.Our house needs before the rainy season arrives.A. to repair B. to be repair C. repaired D. repairing 19.I haven ' t decided which hotel.A. to stay B. is to stay at C. to stay at D. is for staying20.I was almost asleep when I heard someone at the door.A. kno

42、ck B to knock C. knocked D. being knocked21.1 often spent much money books.A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D for buying22.If you practice English whenever you can, you will soon speak well.A. talking B. going speak C speaking D to speak23.We are tired of the same problem all the time.A discussing B

43、. to discuss C. discussing for D. discuss24.She usually forgets the door, but she remembered it yesterday.Ato shut to shut B. shutting -shuttingC. to shut shuttingD. shutting to shut25.I a bus to school when it was raining.Aam used to take B. used to taking C. use to take D was used to taking26. I &

44、#39; m thirsty. W川 you get me something?A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating27. It was great fun a picnic on the hill.A. to have B. of having C. have D. had28. Lily, keep the window. The sandstorm hasn ' t stopped yet.A. close B. closed C. open D. opened29. A policeman saw two thieves a girl

45、9; s mobile phone on a bus and he caught them aonce.A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen30. It ' s bad for your eyes 0mputer games for a long time.A. plays B. to play C. play D. played31. They were made fourteen hours a day.A. work B. working C. worked D. to work32. Is it always easier fri

46、ends than to keep them?A. making B. make C. to make D. made33. He stood there for two hours the game.A. watched B. watching C. is watching D. was watching34. It Jack twenty minutes the math problem yesterday.A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out C. has taken; work out D. is taking; working out35

47、. When you leave, don ' t forget off the light.A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned36. Who do you think you ' d like?A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with37. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries it too often.A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not

48、to eat38. -Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?-This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework this Sunday.A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done39. Sally had no pen yesterday morning.A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with40. -Excuse me, sir. Look at the sign on the wall&qu

49、ot; NO” .-Oh, I ' m sorry. I ' ll never do it again.A. PARKED B. SMOKE C. SPITTING D. SMOKED41. -Boys and girls, will you please the park this afternoon? -OK.A. not cleaning out B. not to clean out C. to clean up D. clean up42. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from the earth away.A. b

50、low B. blowing C. blew D. to blow43. How about?A. to go out for a walkB. go swimming in the riverC. visiting the sick children in the hospital D. to having lunch in the restaurant44. It ' s vendyou to me the heavy bag.A. for; tell; to take B. of; thank; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; car

51、ry45. Have you decided?A. to go with whom B. whom to go with C. whom go with D. with whom to go46. Her hope a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games.A. to win B. is to win C. winning D. will win47. The meeting room is big enough one hundred people.A. holding B. hold C. to hold D. holds48. Would you pl

52、ease pass me the knife?A. to cut the watermelon with B. to cut the watermelonC. cutting the watermelon D. cutting the watermelon with49. It is better to teach a man to fish than him fish.A. giving B. to give C. gives D. gave50. Jenny is interested in in her free time.A. listened to the radio B. read

53、ing magazines C. watch TV D. plays tennis51. The policeman warned the young man after drinking.A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive52. What do you think is the best way the wild animals?A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D. protect53. I ' d rather on the land in a factory.A. work; than work B. work; work C. to work; than to work D. to work; to work54. They are looking forward to all over the world.A. travel B. traveled C. traveling D. be traveled55. Would you mind because there ' re so many children here?A. smoke; play B.