英語初高銜接課---十一選十---精講(學(xué)生版)

1、英語初高銜接課卜一選十（學(xué)生版）【知識精要】縱觀中高考選詞填空的題型，我們可以看出：中考的 九選八”中，句子基本為簡單句，較為簡單易懂；備選項的詞匯（或詞組）詞意 詞性明確，學(xué)生靠詞意和句內(nèi)語意就可選出正確答案。而高考的 十一選十”中，句子90%以上都為長難句，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜；備選項中的詞匯詞性靈 活，有時詞與詞間的意思相近，學(xué)生單憑詞意和句內(nèi)語意很難準(zhǔn)確定位正確答案。因此，我們需要培養(yǎng)新高一的學(xué)生逐漸從初中單憑詞匯意思和句內(nèi)含義確定答案，過渡到憑借上下文、段內(nèi)含義和句法與詞匯對應(yīng)來解決選詞填空的能力。我們知道，中考和高考英語對于學(xué)生能力的要求是截然不同的，如要求學(xué)生的詞匯量 增加，不僅要求能看懂句

2、子的結(jié)構(gòu)，更要能寫出復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。那么在選詞填空這個題型 中，中考和高考對我們的要求又有哪些不同呢？我們通過實戰(zhàn)演練來總結(jié)下。（下面的 presentation A和B分別為2013年中高考真題，建議讓學(xué)生做過一遍之后自己去總結(jié)中高考 選詞填空的不同之處，然后教師再進(jìn)行總結(jié)）Presentation2013年中考真題A. resultsB. outdoorC. recentlyD. take part inE. wildF. choicesG go abroadH. gentlyI. offerDo you know what is special about November and Ju

3、ne in the UK? They are, possibly, the only two months with no school holidays. A newspaper 1 did a survey among a group ofstudents. In the survey, 68 percent of the students said that their parents were at the work in the school holidays. 73 percent said that they were bored during the school holida

4、ys and 35 percent said they were happy to go back to school! The 2 of the survey show that not everybodywants to have many holidays.If you don' Want to stay at home and get bored, go out and 3 some interestingactivities. A lot of schools organize various trips during the holidays, especially whe

5、n they have a one-week holiday. You have many 4 to make.Many schools take groups of students to some training centres. There, students can learn a lot from 5 activities. For example, students learn how to make a camp in the forest. They canalso learn more about 6 animals and plants. At the same time

6、, they are taught how to findtheir way back to the centre.In most towns, some other centres 7 students different courses, such as computer game design, film making and painting. Students can also 8 for school trips. They can practice their foreign languages and experience everyday life in different

7、cultures.2013年高考真題A. complicatedB. seldomC. aimedD. dangerousE. changeF. relativeG. simpleH. qualityI. inexperiencedJ. ignoreThere are more than almost two million cars on the Streets of Shanghai. That ' not a big number 1 to the city ' s population of 23 million, but everyone agrees that tr

8、affic is a bigproblem here. And many people would argue that it ' s not the number of cars on the roadbut the2 of the drivers that is the main cause of concern.According to one survey, 37% of Shanghai drivers have less than three years of driving experience. Many of these drivers are middle-aged

9、 and have never operated machinery more 3 than a washing machine. On the road, they drive fast when they should drive slow, 4 use turn signals, and make right turns on red lights without stopping first. And in the pastyear, there have been several incidents that resulted in pedestrian deaths when 5

10、driversmistook the gas pedal for the brake（殺 U 車） pedal.There are new regulations 6 at making it more difficult for people to get a driverlicense, but that is only a partial solution to Shanghai s traffic problems. What is really needed is a7 in drivers attitudes. There seems to be a lack of concern

11、 for safety and the safety of others: their own safety and the safety for others. You can see this every day as drivers change lanes aggressively and 8 pedestrians at crosswalks and intersections.realize that before ShanghaiA car is a great convenience, but it can also be a 9 weapon. Drivers will ha

12、ve to's streets can become truly safe.7（C）A. maintainedB. seriousC. indicationsD. figuresE. anxiousF. concernG. crisisH. decidedI. availableJ. reversedFilmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food St

13、andard Agency.Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 1, the nutrition inspectorsaid.Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country 's overweight 2.There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not th

14、e case. It is a 3 tous,“ he said. Popcorn sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale.”He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek4 to put calorie on all their menus.A trial schemes （試行方案）with 21 food companies took place

15、last summer, and 5 arethat consumers altered their buying habits when they realized the number of calories in a product.A consultation （征詢意見） on the trial ends next month but Mr. Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie and is 6 to win support from cinemas and otherenter

16、tainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.Government 7 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight.If trends are not 8, this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by2050, putting them at 9 risk of heart disease, cancer and other

17、 diseases.Focused practice（A）A. launchedB. unpleasantC. applyingD. technicallyE. impactF. coatingG. fixedH. miraculouslyI. superiorJ. advancesHow would you like to wear the same underwear （內(nèi)衣褲）for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as 1 as i

18、t sounds.Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 2 resistanceto dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better

19、products. This self- cleaning nature is known as the“l(fā)otus effect ” . The name comes,of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost 3 clean. By observing nature, scientists are 4 the qualities of thelotus leaves to the materials they h

20、ave engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been 5. Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special6 on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allowsdust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these

21、new windows have already been 7 tosome cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers （雨刮器）.Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic 8will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world

22、completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger 9 on our lives.（B）A. clappedB.terrificC. beatD. whisperedE. contestantsF. seatedG. winnersH.chosenI. collectingJ. tenseK. whetherMy Hero 2008 （力口油，2008）was a very popular TV program. It aimed at 1 300mil

23、lion Yuan to buy sports facilities for the primary schools in poor areas. Ten children were2 from the whole country. Each formed a pair with a very famous sports star and took partin some sports games, trying to win.One brave child, Lin Hao, was chosen from the earthquake-hit area in Sichuan. On May

24、 12th,he saved three students in his school. But in the studio one evening, Lin Hao felt very 3,almost fainted. He 4 to his partner,“I am not sure 5 we can win. The other 6seem so strong. " The sports star encouraged him," Let ' s try our best. I believe we can 7them.”Soon the match be

25、gan Lin Hao was 8 and did very well in every part, especially in thelong jump. He jumped so gracefully that all the audience 9. At last, his pair became one ofthe few winners.Home assignment(A)難度：？A.otherB. paintC. effectD. moreE. suitableF. feelG.honorH. becauseI. welcomeJ. temperatureK. mentallyMr

26、. Smith: It is an 1 for me to be invited to speak here. Today my talk is about how to2 different rooms with different colors. Everybody has noticed how you feel colder in ablue than a red room even though the rooms are at the same 3. So colors affect our moods.If you want to make a room look smaller

27、 and warmer, use red. And red is good for restaurant, especially fast food restaurant. This is 4 people eat more quickly when they are in a redroom and so the restaurant can do 5 business. Pink is good for bedrooms, because it has acalming 6. And red and yellow are good in the hall because they make

28、 people 7welcome. Blue is 8 in places when you want people to feel relaxed. Green is often said tobe the most calming color of all and is used in lots of hospitals. Some people say that yellow is stressful. They believe that this is why 9 disturbed people use it so much in their paintings.10 people

29、say that it is good to use in a study, where we want the mind to be active andbusy. Many people use yellow in kitchens and bathrooms to cheer them up.(B)難度：？?A. rubbishB. aroundC. blowsD. affectsE. onlyF. dirtyG.cansH. aloneI. ruinedJ. effortK. clearWaste paper and used Coke cans are thrown out anyw

30、here and everywhere. You might have seen plastic bags flying in the sky when the wind 1 and getting caught in the trees. Or maybe you ' ve seen old 2 sitting in rivers and polluting the water. Ourenvironment is being3 by us.Believe it or not, every family in China makes about one ton of 4 every

31、year. Thatover 100 million tons of rubbish in China 5. It is enough to fill a line of 10-ton tracks thatgoes 6 the world almost five times.All the rubbish makes our soil, our water and our air 7. And so it 8 our health. Badhabits, such as dropping litter, add to the problem.So it is 9 that we can

32、9; t go on living like this. We need to cut down on our wisste. Thworld is ours. It is our only world. And it is the job of every person to make 10 to save it.(C)難度：？?A. admitB. challengesC. populationD. struckE. presented F. throughoutG. remainingH. centuryI. builtJ. disastersK. rapidTokyo, the cap

33、ital of Japan, is one of the largest cities in the world. It is also one of the world ' most modern cities. Twice this 1, the city was destroyed and rebuilt. In 1823 amajor earthquake 2 the city. Thousands of people were killed and millions were lefthomeless as buildings collapsed and fires brok

34、e out 3 Tokyo. It took seven years to rebuildthe city. During World War II, Tokyo 4 in the downtown area. As a result of these 5 there is nothing of old Tokyo 6 in the downtown area.After the war, the people of Tokyobegan to rebuild their city.Buildingswentup at afantastic rate, and between 1845 and

35、 1910, the city ' s 7 moredoubled. Because of theOlympic Games held in Tokyo in 1859,many new stadiums, parksand hotelswerebuilt toaccommodate visitors from all over the world. As a result of this 8 development, however,many problems have arisen. Housing shortage, pollution, and waste disposal (

36、處理)have 9serious 10 to the city , but the government has begun several programs to answer them.(D)難度：？A.honoredB.setC. historicD. secretlyE. citizenF. grantedG.routeH.brieflyI. restorationJ. leadingFrederic Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United States

37、. He became a 1 voice in the years before the Civil War.A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) 2 Douglass;s birth and Black History Month with the reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a 3 site in Washington, D.C. The two-story house, which contains many of Douglass 's personal possessi

38、ons, had undergone a three-year 4. (Thanks to the NPS website, however, you don 't have to live in the nation 'scapital to visit it. Take a tour online.)He was born Frederick Augustus Bailey to a slave mother and a white father he never knew. Douglass grew up to become the first black 5 to h

39、old a government office-as US ministerand consul general (總領(lǐng)事)to Haiti.As a youth, he never went to school. taught himself to read and write. AtEducating slaves was illegal in the South, so he621 years old, he escaped from his slave owner toMassachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to hid

40、e his identity.In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system 7 upby antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the 8, housing asmany as 11 runaway slav

41、es at a time.He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass witnessed the end of slavery in 1865 and the adoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution (美國憲法修正案)，which 9 African-American the right to vote.(E)難度：？?？A. efficientlyB. stillC. equallyD. balanceE. dragF. angleG. makeH. physicallyI. app

42、roachJ. positionK. allowWe need more men in hour hospital, not as doctors, but as nurses. Over the last few years, I have found that having male nurses is a real bonus, and they definitely have a place in our hospital. There are several reasons for wanting male nurses here, not only because half the population in our country is male. Men 1 excellent carers and are 2 good at ta