詞根詞綴構(gòu)詞法

1、構(gòu)詞法一、變名詞之職業(yè)篇 -er、-or、-es& -ian 精通.人(historian/Christian)、-al 具有. 職務(wù)的人(principal/seneschal總管/aboriginal/vassal諸侯/)、 -ant/ent者 (student、 attendant、 merchant> servant)、 -ar從 業(yè)者(scholar/liar)、 -ard 做.的 人 (coward/laggard落后者/braggart夸張者)、-ary (secretary/ missionary) -ate具有.職責(zé)(graduate/candidate/pro

2、fligate揮霍者/neonate新生嬰兒 /electorate全體選民) crat.專業(yè)人士( technocrat/aristocratjft族/autocrat) -ee動(dòng)作承受者(referee/employee/refugee隹民)(1)具有某種職業(yè)或動(dòng)作的人1)-an, -ain,表示”地方的人，精通的人" American, historian,2)-al,表示”具有職務(wù)的人"principal,3)-ant,-ent,表示” 者" merchant, agent, servant, student,4)-ar,表示”的人“ scholar, l

3、iar5)-ard, -art,表示"做的人" coward, laggard遲鈍者，braggart伶張者)6)-arian,表示”派另用勺人， 主義的人" humanitarian, vegetarian7)-ary,表示”從事的人" secretary, missionary#教士8)-ant,表示“具有職責(zé)的人“candidate, graduate9)-ator,表示"做的人" educator, speculato股機(jī)者)10)-crat,表示”某種政體，主義的支持者”democrat, bureaucrat, autoc

4、ra獨(dú)裁者，貴族 aristocrat11)-ee,表示“動(dòng)作承受者” employee, examinee, refugee, devotee!好者12)-er (cooker)14)-ese,表示” 國(guó)人， .地方的人“ Japanese, Cantonese, Taiwanese15)-ess,表示“ 陰性人稱名詞，actress, hostess, manageress, waitress, princess16)-eur,表示” 家" amateur, entrepreneur17)-ian,表示”地方人，信仰.教的人，從事職業(yè)的人" Christian,phys

5、ician(內(nèi)科醫(yī)生), musician, electrician, magician, technician20)-ic,表示”者，師" mechanic, critic21)-ie,表示“愛(ài)，指小" dearie, auntie, lassie(、姑娘)23)-ine, ian,表示"陰性人稱" heroine, ballerina女芭蕾舞演員24)-ist,表示”從事研究者，信仰主義者"pianist, communist, dentist,artist, chemist, physicist, phoneticist, technic

6、ist25)-ive,表示”動(dòng)作者，行為者"native, captive27)-or,表示” 者" author, doctor, operator,28)-ster,表示“ 做 .事情的人" youngster, gamestei徒)，songster 2.形容詞后綴帶有“屬性，傾向，相關(guān)”的含義1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible2)-al, natural, additional, educational3)-an, ane, urban, suburb

7、an, republican4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent5)-ar, similar, popular, regular6)-ary, military, voluntary7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine,feline9)-ing, moving, touching, daring10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish11)-ive, active

8、, impressive, decisive12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory 強(qiáng)制的13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的) (2)表示“相象，類似”的含義 1)-ish, boyish, childish, selfish3)-like, manlike, childlike (與-like 區(qū)別)4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly, lonely5)-some, troublesome, handsome, fulsome6)-y, milky, pasty (3

9、)表示“充分的”含義 1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various3)-ent, violent, (4)表示由某種物質(zhì)形成，制成或生產(chǎn)的含義 1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen3)-fic, scientific, geographic, horrific, prolific 多產(chǎn)的(5)表示方向的含義1)-ern, eastern, western2)-ward, downward, forward (6)表示“倍數(shù)”的含

10、義 1)-ble, double, treble, quadruple, quintuplicate, sextuple, octuple, 2)ple, triple3)-fold, twofold, tenfold, seven-fold, ninefold(7)表示“數(shù)量關(guān)系”的含義1)-teen, thirteen2)-ty, fifty3)-th, fourth, fiftieth(8)表示國(guó)籍，語(yǔ)種，宗教的含義1)-an, Roman, European2)-ese, Chinese,3)-ish, English, Spanish(9)表示“比較程度”的含義1)-er, grea

11、ter2)-ish, reddish, yellowish 微3)-est, highest4)-most, foremost, topmost5)eme, or(10)其他的含義-less,表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless, valueless, neighbour less3 .動(dòng)詞后綴1)-ize, ise,表示”做成，變成，化"modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en,表示” 使成為，弓I起，使有“ quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示“使

12、化,使成“ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish,表示“使，令" finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate,表示“成為,處理，作用" separate, operate, indicate4 .副詞后綴1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward3)-ways, always, sideways4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise5 .其他

13、后綴1) agr農(nóng)業(yè)2) ag, act, ig,含義是 “做，動(dòng)作" active, agent, reaction,3) alt,含義是“高”，altitude,4) alter, altern, altr,含義是“其它，變更" alternate,5) bio, bi, bion,含義是“生物,生命“ biology, biography6) brev, bri, brief,含義是“短" brief, abbreviation, abridged略)7) cap, capt, cept, cip,含義是 “取，獲" capture, except

14、, concept, capacity8) ced, ceed, cess,含義是 “行, 讓步" proceed, succeed, excess(度)9) centr, centr,含義是“中心”concentrate濃縮，eccentric偏心的)10) clain, clam,含義是 “呼喊"claim, proclaim 公告，exclaim11) clos, clud,含義是 “閉合" conclude, enclose, include12) col, cult, 含義是“耕耘”colony, cultivate, agriculture (uncu

15、ltivated)13) cor, cord,含義是 “心" cordial, record, accord14) curr, cur, cour,含義是 “跑，動(dòng)作" current, occur, concurrence；舊時(shí)發(fā)生)15) dic, dict, 含義是 “說(shuō), 示" dictate, edit, indicate, predict16) doc, doct,含義是“教" doctor, document17) duc, duct含義是 “弓I導(dǎo), 傳導(dǎo)" introduce, produce, conduct, deduct

16、(推論)18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit,含義是“做，倉(cāng)U造“ factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect19) fend, fens,含義是 “打，擊” defence, offence20) fer,含義是“搬運(yùn)，移轉(zhuǎn)" ferry, transfer, defer(fi延)21) fin, finit,含義是“終，極" final, finish, con巾ne 邊界，fin22) firm,含義是“堅(jiān)固” firm, confirm, affirm(斷定)23) fix,含義是“固定"pre

17、fix, affix(附加)，postfix24) flect, flex,含義是“彎曲” flexible, reflex25) flor, flour, flower,含義是“花" flower, flourish26) form,含義是“形" uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform, perform27) forc, fort,含義是“力，強(qiáng)度” force, enforce, effort28) gen, genit,含義是“生產(chǎn)，發(fā)生” generate, generation29) gram, graph,含義是

18、“書寫，記錄" telegram, diagram, photograph30) grad, gress, gred, gree,含義是 “步, 階段" gradually, degree, progress31) hab, habit, hibit,含義是“保持，住" inhabit, exhibit, prohibit32) her, hes,含義是“粘附” adhere, cohesion33) ject, jet,含義是 “拋射"project, inject, projection, projector34) jour,含義是 “日，一天&qu

19、ot;journal(日記),journey, adjourn(S期)35) jug, junct,含義是“結(jié)合，連合"conjunction, junction(連合)36) labour, labor,含義是“勞動(dòng)，工作" labourer, elaborate, collaborate37) lect, leg, lig,含義是“挑選，采集" collect, select, lecture, dialect38) lif, liv,含義是“生活，生存” life, alive, live39) loc,含義是“場(chǎng)所，位置"location, di

20、slocate©兌位)40) long, leng, ling,含義是“長(zhǎng)的"length, prolong, linger, longevity42) mand, mend,含義是 “命令”command, demand, recommend43) man, manu,含義是“手，手法” manage, manual44) memor, menber,含義是 “t己憶” memory, remember, memorial45) mind, ment,含義是 “心、”mind, remind, mental46) merc, merch,含義是 “貿(mào)易” commerce

21、, merchant47) meas, mens, meter, metr含義是“測(cè)量，度量" measure, meter, diameter48) min,含義是“小” diminish 使減少，minority49) miss, mit,含義是“派遣， 送" mission, dismiss, transmit, missile50) mob, mot, mov,含義是 “動(dòng)" movement, motion, mobile, remove51) nect, nex,含義是 “捆扎” connect, disconnect, anne帚并)52) not,

22、含義是“記號(hào)，注意" note, denote, annotation釋)53) onom, onym,含義是 “名字” synonym, antonym, anonymous54) pair, par,含義是 “a)相同，對(duì)等 b)準(zhǔn)備"compare, prepare55) pel, puls,含義是“追逐"expel, impel(推進(jìn))56) pend, pens, pond,含義是“懸掛”depend, independent, expens或付)57) phon,含義是“聲音"symphony, telephone, microphone58

23、) plac,含義是“位置，場(chǎng)所" place, replace59) peopl, popul, publ,含義是“人民，民眾" public, republic, popular, people60) port,含義是“搬運(yùn)"export, import, deport(輸送)61) press,含義是“壓，壓制” pressure, express, oppress, impression62) prob, proof, prov,含義是“實(shí)驗(yàn), 驗(yàn)證" prove, approve,63) quer, quest, quir, quis,含義是

24、“尋找，探問(wèn)“inquiry, question, inquisition(調(diào)查，追究)64) rang, rank,含義是 “玨F歹！J“arrange, rank, rearrangement65) rect, right, rig,含義是“正，直” correct, direct, erect, select,66) riv,含義是“河流，流遠(yuǎn)”，river, arrive, derive 源自67) rupt,含義是“破壞, 毀壞" eruption, bankrupt, corruption, ruin, interrupt68) sci,含義是 “認(rèn)識(shí)，知識(shí)” scien

25、ce, conscious, conscience69) scrib, script,含義是 “書寫，記錄" describe, script70) sens, sent,含義是 “感覺(jué)， 情感"sensation, sentimen感情，sensitive敏感的71) sign,含義是 “標(biāo)t己，符號(hào)“ signal, signature, design, assignHE72) sembl, simil,含義是“相似，類似" similar, resemble, assimilate化)73) soci,含義是 “結(jié)合, 社交" social, as

26、sociation74) spec, spect, spitc, spis,含義是“看，視" inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect75) struct,含義是 “建筑， 構(gòu)造" structure, construct, instruct, destruction76) tect, teg,含義是“遮蔽,掩蓋" detect, protect77) temp, tens,含義是 “時(shí)間，時(shí)機(jī)" tense, contemporary, temporal, temptation78) tend, tes, ten

27、t,含義是“傾向,伸張” tendency, intension, extend, intend, expand79) test,含義是“證明，證實(shí)" testify, protest, contest:價(jià)論)80) text,含義是“編織，構(gòu)成" textile, texture紋理，context上下文81) tract, trail,含義是“拖拉，吸引" attract, tractor 拖拉機(jī)，abstract 摘要， contract畋縮),track 軌道82) tribut,含義是“給予"contribution, distribute,

28、tribute 禮物83) us, ut,含義是“用，使用" usable, utilize, abuse®用84) vac, van,含義是“空，虛” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(1空),vaccine 疫苗85) vad,含義是“走，去" invade, wade, evad建避)86) vers, vert,含義是“旋轉(zhuǎn)，反轉(zhuǎn)” convert, inversion轉(zhuǎn))，reverse, divert僅 轉(zhuǎn)向)，introvert使內(nèi)彎87) vid, vis, vey, view,含義是 “觀看，看見(jiàn)" televisio

29、n, visible, evident, interview, survey88) viv, vit, 含義是“生, 活” vivid, vital, survival,viva, vigorous89) war, ward,含義是“注意，保護(hù)" aware, wary(i堇慎)，ward(守護(hù))warrior90) way,含義是 “路” way, away, subway, always11 .表示數(shù)量關(guān)系的前綴1）表示“單一”，“一”mon-, mon-, monotone伊調(diào)），monopoly, monarch, monopolizeuni-, un-, uniform,

30、unicellular（單細(xì)胞）2）表示“二,兩，雙”ambi-, ambiguous, amphibian棲類）ambitious, ambition, ambivalence bi-, bin- bicycle, di-, diode（二級(jí)管），twi-, twilight3）表示 “十" deca, deco-, dec- deci-, decade, decimals4）表示“百，百分子一” ？hecto-, hect-, hectometer,centi-, centimeter century, centigrade5）表示"千，千分子一" kilo-

31、, kilometer, kilogram6）表示“萬(wàn)，萬(wàn)分子一”myria-, myri-, myriametremega-, meg-, megabytebM 萬(wàn)micro-, microvolt （微伏特）7）表示”許多，復(fù)，多數(shù)”multi-, mult-, multipmetre （萬(wàn)用表）poly-, polysyllable 多音節(jié)的，polygons多邊形8）表示“半，一半”hemi-, hemispheredemi-, semiofficial, demilune 半月形的semi-, semiconductor, semitransparentpene-, pen-, pe

32、ninsula12 .表示特殊意義的前綴 1）arch-,表示“首位，第一的，主要的" architect, archbishop2）auto-,表示 “自己，獨(dú)立，自動(dòng)" automobile, autobiography3）bene-,表示“善，?！?benefit5）male-, mal-表示“惡，不良” maltreatment, malodor,6）macro-,表示“大，宏大” macroscopic儂觀）7）magni-,表示“大” magnificent8）micro-, 表示 “微" microscope13 .表示術(shù)語(yǔ)的前綴 1）aud-,表示

33、 “聽(tīng)，聲" audience,2）bio-,表示“生命，生物" biography（傳記）3）ge-,表示“地球，大地" geography4）phon-,表示“聲，音調(diào)” phonograph5）tele-,表示“遠(yuǎn)離” television, telephone3 .表小時(shí)I可，序列關(guān)系的前綴1)ante-, anti-,表示“先前，早于，預(yù)先”antecedent, anticipate,2)ex-,表示“先，故，舊”expresident, exhusband3)fore-,表示“在前面，先前，前面”foreward, forecast, foretel

34、l(預(yù)言)4)mid-, medi-,表示“中，中間”midnight, midsummer5)post-”表示“在后，后”postwar,6)pre-, pri-,表示“在前，事先，預(yù)先”preheat, prewar, prehistory7)pro-,表示“在前，先，前”prologue呼幕)，prophet(預(yù)言家)8)re-,表示“再一次，重新”retell, rewrite4 .表示比較程度差別關(guān)系的前綴1)by-,表示“副，次要的”byproduct, bywork(副業(yè))2)extra-,表示“超越，額外”extraordinary,3)hyper-表示“超過(guò)，極度”hyper

35、sonic(聲波)，hypertesion府血壓)4)out-,表示“超過(guò)，過(guò)分”outdo(超過(guò)),outbid(出價(jià)過(guò)高的人)5)over-,表示“超過(guò)，過(guò)度，太”overeat, overdress, oversleep6) sub-, suc-, sur-, ?褰示“低，次，副，亞” subeditor, subordinate, subtropical 熱帶) 7)super-, sur-表示“超過(guò)”supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass8)under-表示“低劣，低下”undersize, undergrown, underproduct

36、ion 產(chǎn)不足) 9)vice-表示“副，次”vicepresident, vicechairman5 .表示共同，相等意思的前綴1）com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-表示“共同，一起”。connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate2）syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同，共，和，類” symmetry, sympathy, synthesis 成）symphony6 .表示整個(gè)完全意思的前綴 1)al-表示“完整，完全" alone, almost,2) over-表示“完全，全" o

37、verall, overflow(充滿)3) pan-表示 “全，總，萬(wàn)" panentheism憶本申論)，panorama7 .表示分離，離開(kāi)意思的前綴 1）a- ab-, abs-表示“分離， 離開(kāi)" away, apart, abstract, abstain2）de-表示“離去，處去” depart, decolour,3）dis-, di-, dif-,表示“分離，離開(kāi)" divorce, disarm（繳械）4）ex-, e-,表示“離開(kāi)，分離" expel, exclude, expatriate（區(qū)出國(guó)外）5）for-表示“離開(kāi)，脫離&

38、quot; forget, forgive6）表示“離開(kāi)" release, resolve7）表示“分離，隔離" separate, seduce, select8 .表示通過(guò)，遍及意思的前綴 1）dia-,表示 “通過(guò)，橫過(guò)" diameter, diagram,2）per-, pel-,表示“通，總,遍“ perfect, perform, pervade佞透）3）trans-,表示“橫過(guò)，貫通” transparent, transmit, transport9 .表示加強(qiáng)意思的前綴 a-, arouse, ashamedad-, adjoin, adhe

39、re（粘著）10 .表示變換詞類作用的前綴be-, befriend,en-, enslave, enable, enrichad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign（派）1 .表示否定意義的前綴1）純否定前綴a-, an-, asymmetry （不對(duì)稱） anhydrous （無(wú)水的）dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il, im, ir, inc

40、apable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, neither, nevernon-, noesenseneg-, neglectun- unable, unemployment2）表示錯(cuò)誤的意義male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment 佚調(diào)）mis-, mistake, misleadpseudo-, pseudonyms 名），pseudoscience3）表示反動(dòng)作的意思de-, defend, demodulation 解調(diào)）dis-, disarm, d