2020學(xué)年上海市浦東新區(qū)高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語試題(解析版)

1、2020高一英語階段檢測(cè)2020學(xué)年 上海市浦東新區(qū)高一下學(xué)期期中考試 英語試卷n . Grammar and Vocabulary 17%Section A 8%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for t

2、he other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The way we tell stories has naturally changed since Aristotle defined the rules of tragedy about 2,500 years ago. According to him, the role of storytelling is to i mitate life and make us feel emotions. And that' s exactly what storytellin

3、g as weknow it has done very well since then. But there is an aspect of life 1 storytelling could never really reproduce. It is the notion of choices.Choices are a very important part of our lives. Weas individuals 2 (define) by the choices we make. As an interactive writer,3(fascinate) with the ide

4、a of recreating this notion of choices in fiction, I have tried to put the audience in the shoes of the main characters.4 (explore) a way to achieve this is what I did in the past 20 years of my life.So do you have an idea of 5 my work is about as an interactive writer? Where a writer needs to deal

5、with time and space, as an interactive writer, I need to deal with time, space and possibilities. I need to think about all the possibilities 6 the characters could encounter different people and different things in a given scene and try to imagine everything that 7 二 happen.The interactive write r&

6、#39; s e xperience is very unique,8 it is the result ofthe cooperation between a writer creating this narrative landscape and the player making his own decisions, telling his own story and becoming the cowriter but also the coactor and the codirector of the story. Interactive storytelling is a revol

7、ution in the way we tell stories.【答案】1. that2. are defined3. fascinated4. Exploring5. what 6. that7. may 8. because【解析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者講述了自己作為互動(dòng)作家的獨(dú)特經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：但生活中有一個(gè)方面是講故事永遠(yuǎn)無法重現(xiàn)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處 為定語從句，主句以there be開頭，先行詞為物，且從句中缺少reproduce的賓語時(shí)常用that 或which引導(dǎo)定語從句，故填that。【2題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：我們作為個(gè)體是由我們所做的選擇

8、所定義的。individuals 與define之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且為一般情況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填 are defined。【3題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：作為一個(gè)互動(dòng)的作家，我著迷于在小說中再現(xiàn)這種選擇的概念，我試著讓讀者站在主要人物的立場(chǎng)上思考。be fascinated with 表示“著迷于”，此處去掉 be作狀語，故填fascinated ?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：探索實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的方法是我過去20年里一直所做的事情。此處用動(dòng)名詞作主語，故填Exploring 。【5題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：你知道作為互動(dòng)作家我的工作是什么嗎？此處為跟在of后的賓語從句，從

9、句中的about缺少賓語，故填 what。6題詳解】考查同位語從句。句意：我需要考慮角色在給定場(chǎng)景中遇到不同的人和事的所有可能性，并試著想象可能發(fā)生的一切。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為同位語從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，用 that解 釋說明possibilities 的內(nèi)容，故填that ?！?題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意參考上題解析，根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“可能”，故填may.【8題詳解】考查連詞。句意：互動(dòng)作家的經(jīng)歷是非常獨(dú)特的，因?yàn)樗莿?chuàng)作敘事場(chǎng)景的作家和做出自己的決定的玩家之間合作的結(jié)果。前后是因果關(guān)系，此處表示原因，故填becauseo堅(jiān)持就是勝利！2020高一英語階段檢測(cè)Section B 9%D

10、irections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. associated B. embarrassed C. emphasis D. forgettingE. forming F. advantages G. occurs H. reliantI. stimulates J. unusualThe brain is a seemingly

11、 endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories. To allow new memories to form, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain.Previous studies have shown that learning new information can lead to 9.But in a new study, researchers showed for the first time how this effect 10 i

12、n the brain.In daily life, forgetting actually has clear 11. Imagine, for instance,that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Each time you rememberthe new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to 12

13、 information, without oldmemories interfering.And most of us may sometimes feel 13 when old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memoryis particularly interfering.When we ge

14、t new information, the brain automatically tries to combine it with existing information by 14 associations. And when we retrieve(檢索)information, both the desired and 15 but irrelevant information is recalled.The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information.

15、 But current studies are beginning to put greater 16 on theconditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. Though it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare cond

16、ition often find their 17 ability troublesome. In a sense, normal forgetting mayhelp to ensure our brain doesn ' t become too full. 堅(jiān)持就是勝利！2020高一英語階段檢測(cè)【答案】9. D 10. GII. F 12. H13. B 14. E15. A 16. C17. J【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在一項(xiàng)新的研究中，研究人員首次展示了學(xué)習(xí)新信息會(huì)導(dǎo)致遺忘這種效應(yīng)是如何在大腦中發(fā)生的。【9題詳解】句意：以前的研究表明，學(xué)習(xí)新信息會(huì)導(dǎo)致遺忘?？筛鶕?jù)第二段

17、第一句得出forgetting ,表示“遺忘”，故選Do【10題詳解】句意：在一項(xiàng)新的研究中，研究人員首次展示了這種效應(yīng)是如何在大腦中發(fā)生的。根據(jù)后文可知文章介紹了遺忘是如何發(fā)生的，occur表示“發(fā)生”，故選G【11題詳解】句意：在日常生活中，遺忘其實(shí)有明顯的好處。根據(jù)本段末句without old memoriesinterfering. 可知，此處介紹了遺忘的好處。advantages表示“好處”，故選F?！?2題詳解】句意：這個(gè)過程改善了對(duì)相關(guān)信息的獲取，而不受記憶的干擾。relevant表示“相關(guān)的”，故選Ho【13題詳解】句意：當(dāng)舊的記憶干擾新的相關(guān)記憶時(shí)，我們大多數(shù)人有時(shí)會(huì)感到尷

18、尬。embarrassed表示“尷尬的"，故選Bo【14題詳解】句意：當(dāng)我們獲取新信息時(shí)，大腦會(huì)自動(dòng)地將其和現(xiàn)有信息形成關(guān)聯(lián)。forming表示“形成”， 故選E?！?5題詳解】句意：當(dāng)我們檢索信息時(shí)，我們想要的和相關(guān)但無關(guān)緊要的信息都會(huì)被回想起來。associated表示“相關(guān)的"，故選Ao【16題詳解】句意：但目前的研究更加強(qiáng)調(diào)我們遺忘的條件。根據(jù)后文its importance begins to be more appreciated.可知人們?cè)絹碓街匾暺渲匾?，所以?emphasis表示“強(qiáng)調(diào)”，故選。 【17題詳解】句意：雖然這聽起來對(duì)很多人來說像一種優(yōu)勢(shì)，但

19、有這種罕見情況人經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們不同尋常的能力彳艮麻煩。根據(jù)后文 normal forgetting mayhelp to ensure our brain doesn' t become too full.可知不忘是一種不同尋常的能力，unusual表示“不同尋常的"，故選 J。田.Reading Comprehension 30%Section A 10%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill

20、in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In 1986, the drug companyJohnson & Johnson was faced with a crisis. Several people had died after taking Tylenol （泰諾）,a Johnson & Johnson product. The deaths were not the 18 of the company, but the work of a criminal who had pu

21、t poison in some of the Tylenol capsules （膠囊）.The criminal was later caught and punished, but19 the deaths, people stopped buying Tylenol. The management of Johnson & Johnson realized that they had to act 20 and quickly to prevent seriousconsequences for the company. Within days, in fact, they 2

22、1 every Tylenolcapsule in the United States to check for 22. Soon afterword they alsointroduced“tamperproof " bottles to prevent future problems. Sales of Tylenol23 again, and in the end, people felt that Johnson & Johnson had acted well.Not all companies respond to crisis as well as Johnso

23、n & Johnson. Some failed to realized the importance of acting responsibly and suffered a dramatic 24 insales. Consumers no longer trusted the companies.The key to managing a crisis lies in the company' s 25 reaction. If theyrecognize a problem immediately and take measures to deal with it, t

24、hey are less likely to suffer long-term consequences. Oneexample of a quick reaction was that of the Pepsi Company in 1992, when hypodermic syringes（皮下注射器） were found in several sodacans. In a short time, the company was able to prove that the syringes had nothing to do with the production process,

25、and they also found the criminals who had put the syringes in the cans. 26, they lost few customers. On the other hand, Wendy sfast-food company 27 millionsof dollars in 2004 because it tried to deny bad18. A. featureB. decisionC. faultD. solution19. A. in favor of20. A. decisively21. A. avoided22.

26、A. changing23. A. picked up24. A. effect25. A. temporary26. A. In addition27. A. lostB. in response toB. happilyB. involvedB. poisoningB. settled downB. mistakeB. reverseB. As a resultB. gatheredC. in return forC. fortunatelyC. recalledC. abandoningC. came outC. objectionC. initialC. For exampleC. m

27、aintainedD. in honor ofD. readilyD. practicedD. cheatingD. hung outD. dropD. conditionalD. By contrastD. investednews and did not act quickly enough.堅(jiān)持就是勝利!23. A 24. D 25. C 26.【答案】18. C 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. BB 27. A本文是一篇說明文，以強(qiáng)生公司處理泰諾膠囊引起的死亡事件說明解決危機(jī)的關(guān)鍵是公司的第 一反應(yīng)?！?8題詳解】 考查名詞詞義辨析。A. feature 特征；B. dec

28、ision 決定； C. fault 過錯(cuò)；D. solution解決辦法。根據(jù)本空ZlJUmompany, but the work of a criminal who had put poisonin some of t he Tyle”可知，死亡事件不是強(qiáng)生公司的過錯(cuò)，而是一個(gè)罪犯在-些泰諾膠囊里下毒:項(xiàng)正確【19題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。AHUaH|f支持；B. in response to回應(yīng)；C. in return for 作 為對(duì)的報(bào)答；D. HHHH向致敬。根據(jù)本空后的“ the deaths, people stoppedbuying Tylen ol. ”死亡事件的回應(yīng)，

29、人們不再購買泰諾，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。AmHH|l果斷地；B. happily快樂地；C. fortunately幸運(yùn) 地；D. readily 容易“and quickly to prevent serious consequences forthe company.嚴(yán)重后果，故A項(xiàng)正確。 【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A. avoided 避免；B. involved 牽涉；C. recalled 召回；D. practiced 練習(xí)。根據(jù)本空后的 “ every Tylenol capsule in the United States tocheck for 5

30、. ”可知，強(qiáng)生公司召回在美國的每一粒泰諾膠囊檢查是否下毒，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。 A. changing 改變；B. poisoning 下毒；C. abandoning 放棄；D. cheating 欺騙。上文說死亡事件是一個(gè)罪犯在一些泰諾膠囊里下毒造成的，所以強(qiáng)生公司召回在美國的每一粒泰諾膠囊檢查是否下毒，故 B項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A. picked up 回升； B. settled down 安定下來； C. came out 出版；D. hung out 掛斷。根據(jù)本空后的 “ and in the end, people felt tha

31、t Johnson & Johnson had acted well. ”可知，人們認(rèn)為強(qiáng)生表現(xiàn)得很好，由此可知，泰諾的銷量再次回升，故 A 項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A. effect 影響； B. mistake 錯(cuò)誤；C. objection 反對(duì)；D. drop 下 降。根據(jù)本空后的“ Consumers no longer trusted the companies. ” 可知，消費(fèi)者不再信任 這些公司，由此可知，這些公司的銷量大幅下降，故 D項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A. temporary 臨時(shí)的； B. reverse 相反的； C. in

32、itial 最初 的； D. conditional 有條件的。根據(jù)本空前的 “ The key to manag ing a crisis lies in the company ' s”可知，解決危機(jī)的關(guān)鍵是公司的第一反應(yīng)，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。A. In addition 另外； B. As a result 結(jié)果；C. For example 例如； D. By contrast相比之下。根據(jù)本空后的“ they lost few customers. ”可知，結(jié)果，他們失去的客戶很少，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A. lost 失去；B.

33、 gathered 收集；C. maintained 維持；D. invested 投 資。 根據(jù)本空后的 “ millions of dollars in 2004 because it tried to deny bad news and did not act quickly enough. ”可知，Wendy快餐公司在2004年損失了數(shù)百萬美元，因?yàn)樗噲D否認(rèn)壞消息，而且行動(dòng)也不夠迅速，故A項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】對(duì)熟詞生義的考查是完形的一大難點(diǎn)，本篇第 4題，很多同學(xué)只知道recall有“回 憶”之意，但在止匕處表示“召回”,如， The company recalled all the d

34、efective cars. 這家公司召回了所有的問題車輛；第6題，pick up有“撿起”之意，但在此處表示“回升”，如,After the improvement, the sales of this kind of equipment picked up.經(jīng)過改 良后，這種設(shè)備的銷量回升了。Section B 12%Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the

35、re are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Life in DangerLucy, aged 15, lives in Bournemout h with her parents. Her parents aren ' t poor, and she was at a private school when she started getti

36、ng bullied. This made her very unhappy and she began to misbehave. She madesome new friends who went clubbing a lot. Later she even took drug and stole moneyto buy drug. Her parents were so worried about their daughter and so angry about her behavior that they decided to send Lucy to Turn-About Ranc

37、h (TAR), a tough camp for problem teens in Utah, in the USA.Lucy didn ' t like the idea of going to the ranch (牧場(chǎng))in Utah, but after spending three months there, she ' s changed her attitude. She said,“The staff at T AR caredabout our emotional well-being but they also wanted us to be discip

38、lined and respect the rules. They told us not to take any drugs, not even tobacco or alcohol, and they made us get up at 6.30 a.m. every day and to school work as well as jobs around the ranch. TAR is a real, working ranch with cows and horses, which we had to take care of.At TAR they asked us not t

39、o wear make-up or jewelry or use hair products. They told us that teenagers with problems often use a cool appearance as a mask to hide behind and that they needed to break down those barriers to help us look inside at the confusion which causes our problem behavior. They also wanted us to takerespo

40、nsibility for all our actions.Her time there has madeher more self-confident, less aggressive and muchhappier. She s started a college course, she ' s got a part - time job, and she ' s also doing voluntary work helping underprivileged children.She hasn' t taken any drugs sinceshe left T

41、AR. Lucy says, “TAR made me think very hard about the friends I usedtosee and where my life was going. I realized that the drugs were starting to become the only thing in my life that I cared about, which meant I stopped enjoying other things and treated people badly. I ought to have realized that,

42、and I know Ishouldn' thave done a lot of things that I did. The ranch has really opened my eyes. They told meto believe I could achieve something with mylife, and from now on I want to try. ” 28. What problem at school started to change Lucy ' s behavior?A. That she made some new friends.B.

43、That she was studying in a private school.C. That she stole money to buy drug.D. That she was bullied at school.29. Why does TAR have rules about appearance?A. They have to do schoolwork at TAR.B. They are supposed to take care of the animals at the ranch.C. Cool appearance is the barrier to reflect

44、ion on one' s inner self.D. Keeping cool appearance takes much time and money30. How does Lucy feel about the future now?A. Upset.B. Confused.C. Fair.D. Hopeful.【答案】28. D 29. C 30. D【解析】I本文是-篇記敘文，講述了針對(duì)問題少年的TARM令營讓問題少年lUUJt惡習(xí)，對(duì)生活充【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第段中的 “ and she was at a private school when she star

45、ted getting bullied. This made her very unhappy and she began to misbehave.“ 可知，在學(xué)校受至U 欺凌改變了 Lucy的行為，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的 “ At TAR they asked us not to wear make-up or jewelry oruse hair products.They told us that teenagers with problems often use a cool appearance as a mask to hide behind and

46、 that they needed to break down those barriers to helpus look inside at th e confusion which causes our problem behavior. ” 可知， 問題少年 經(jīng)常用酷炫的外表作為掩飾，他們要打破這些障礙，幫助我們審視導(dǎo)致問題行為的困惑，由此可知，TAR對(duì)外表有規(guī)定是因?yàn)榭犰诺耐獗硎且粋€(gè)人反省內(nèi)在自我的障礙，故 C項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的 “ They told meto believe I could achieve something with my life

47、, and from now on I wa nt to try. ”可知，他們告訴我要相信我的人生能有所成就， 從現(xiàn)在開始我要努力，由此可知，Lucy對(duì)未來充滿希望，故D項(xiàng)正確。【點(diǎn)睛】涉及到觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的推理判斷題難度較大，文章一般不會(huì)直接表明人物的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，但我們可以通過人物所說的話來揣摩其態(tài)度，例如本篇第3題，根據(jù)最后一段中Lucy所說的話“They told me to believe I could achieve something with my life, and from now on Iwant to try. ”可知，他們告訴我要相信我的人生能有所成就，從現(xiàn)在開始我要努力，

48、特別是“I want to try ”表明Lucy對(duì)未來充滿希望。(B)After I was married and had lived in Japan for a while, my Japanese gradually improved to the point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband and his friends and family. And I began to notice that often, when I joined in, the others would loo

49、k surprised, and the conversational topic would come to a stop. After this happened several times, it became clear to me that I was doing something wrong.But for a long time, I didn ' t know what it was.Finally, after listening carefully to many Japanese conversations, I discovered what my probl

50、em was. Even though I was speaking Japanese, I was handling the conversation in a Western way.A Western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you to hit it back. If you agree with me, I don ' t expect you simply to

51、 agree and do nothing more. I expect you to add something-a reason for agreeing, another example, or a detailed explanation to carry the idea further. But I don ' t expect you always to agree. I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge me, or completely disagree with me. Whether you agr

52、ee or disagree, your response will return the ball to me.A Japanese-style conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball.It ' s like bowling. You wait for your turn. And you always know your place in line.It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close frie

53、nd or a relative stranger to the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on.When your turn comes, you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball andcarefully bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, murmuring encouragement. Everyone waits until the ball has

54、reached the end of the alley（球場(chǎng)）and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your score.Then, after everyone is sure that you have completely finished your turn, the next person in line steps up to the same start

55、ing line, with a different ball. He doesn ' t return your ball, and he does not begin from where your ball stopped. And there is always a suitable pause between turns. There is no rush, no scramble for the ball.If you have been trained all your life to play one game, it is no simple matterto swi

56、tch to another, even if you know the rules. Knowing the rules is not at all the same thing as playing the game.31. The author makes all of the following arguments EXCEPT that.A. Japanese-style conversations are like bowling.B. western-style conversations are like tennis or volleyballC. in Japanese-s

57、tyle conversations, you must wait your turn to speakD. western-style conversations are longer than Japanese-style conversations32. The author ' s purpose in writhing this article is to.A. instructB. entertainC. jokeD. criticize33. The main idea of the article is.A. people talk differently in Jap

58、an than in the WestB. it ' s important to ta ke part in conversationsC. talking with someone from another country proves difficultD. it ' s rude to interrupt someone who is speaking 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者結(jié)合自己的切身經(jīng)歷談?wù)摿巳帐降恼勗捄臀魇降恼勗挼牟煌?處，由此告訴我們與來自另一個(gè)國家的人交談是困難的。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的 “ AJapanese-style conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball. It ' s like bowling. You wait for your turn.” 可知，