人教版英語選修六知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、U3(選修六)Words and expressions濫用，妄用；虐待，辱罵 。弊病，陋習(xí) l.abuse n. O2ivt.濫用，妄用 虐待e.g. He abused his power while in office.他在職時(shí)濫用權(quán)力。Those captives were physically abused.那些俘虜遭受了肉體上的摧殘drug abuse濫用毒品child abuse虐待兒童abuse one's position / power 濫用職權(quán) /權(quán)利abuse a privilege 濫用特權(quán)2 . stress壓力；重音,重讀1) n. 01be under

2、(the) stress (of)在壓力下suffer from stress 遭受壓力the stresses and strains of modern life 現(xiàn)代生活的壓力和緊張強(qiáng)調(diào), 重要性 O2e.g. Some school lay / put /place stress on foreign language education.3 ) vt.加壓力于；重讀；強(qiáng)調(diào)e.g. He stressed the importance of the task.4 .ban1) n.禁令，禁止a ban on sth2) vt.禁止，取締ban sb. from (doing) sth.

3、 頒布禁令impose a ban解除禁令lift a bane.g. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags.4) due to 歸因于，歸功于e.g. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意夕卜事故歸因于你駕駛不小心。be due to do sth定于某時(shí)做某事e.g. He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow.可以被caused by所代替The train is due in five minutes.( 預(yù)定的，預(yù)

4、期的)My rent isn't due till Wednesday.(到期的，立即支付的)In due course在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候after due consideration 經(jīng)適當(dāng)考慮之后because of "由于"，較口語化，只作狀語owing to較正式，須用逗號(hào)與主句隔開thanks to “多虧了”，多用于正面的意義as a result of "因?yàn)?quot;as a result副短，“因此”therefore副詞，“因此"so并列連詞，“因此”because of ,due to , owing to , on accou

5、nt of 和 thanks to 的用法比較的意思，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)該注意以下區(qū)別：”由于“這一詞都表示1. because of意為“由于，因?yàn)?quot;，強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，在句中僅作狀語，修飾句中的一部分，與其 他成分不用逗號(hào)隔開。如： We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback .我們決不可因?yàn)檫@樣個(gè)小小 的挫折而灰心喪氣。2. owing to與because of一樣，也強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，除作狀語外，也可作表語。作狀語時(shí)修飾整個(gè) 句子，可在句首或句末，用逗號(hào)隔開。如：They decided to cancel the

6、 flight , owing to the storm .由于這場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨，他們決定取消這個(gè)航班。His death was owing to an accident . 他死于一場(chǎng)事故。3. due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表語、狀語和定語。作表語和狀語時(shí)與 owing to同義，作狀語時(shí)，一般不與其他成分隔開。不用于句首。如：This accident was due to （owing to ） his careless driving .這次車禍?zhǔn)怯捎谒_車疏忽大意造成的。He arrived late due to （owing to ） the storm .由于暴風(fēng)雨他來

7、晚了。Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences .由于疏忽大意造成的錯(cuò)誤可能帶來嚴(yán)重的后果。4. on account of與because of, owing to同義，但語氣較為正式。可作狀語、表語，不作定 ,語。 如：He could not come on account of his 川ness . 他因病不能前來。That was on account of lack of exercise .那是由于缺乏鍛煉。5. thanks to表示“幸虧，多虧”多用于表達(dá)正面意思，相當(dāng)于感謝，在句中作狀語和表語。.

8、多虧你的建議，減少了許多麻煩。much trouble was saved 如：Thanks to your advice , 5.tough1） The wire is tougher than that.（堅(jiān)韌的，不易磨損的）2） You need to be tough enough to survive in the jungle.（堅(jiān)忍不拔的，吃苦耐勞的）3） a tough criminal （粗暴的，兇暴的）4） tough measures to deal with terrorism （強(qiáng)硬的， 嚴(yán)厲的）5） a tough assignment / problem / ch

9、oice （棘手的，困難的）6） a tough steak （硬的，老的）6.fit1）V.1 .The dress doesn't fit me.2 .We can't fit any more chairs into the room.（容納）3 . be fitted with handles （安裝）4 . His ideas did not quite fit in with our aims.他的想法和我們的目標(biāo)不完全一致。（與相一致，相協(xié)調(diào)）2）Adj.keep fitbe fit for / to doThe book is fit （suitable） fo

10、r children.The fresh air is fit to breath.反義詞：unfit be unfit for / to dofit , suit, match區(qū)分.These shoes don't fit me. Have you got a larger size? 這鞋我穿不合適。你們有大點(diǎn)的嗎？That haircut suits you.那種發(fā)型很適合你。The carpets should match the curtains.地毯應(yīng)該和窗簾相配。You can't match him in his knowledge of wild plant

11、s. 在野生植物知識(shí)方面，你無法與他相比。7. addicted adj. “對(duì)某某上癮” , “沉湎于某某”e.g. My children have become hopelessly addicted to television. 我的幾個(gè)孩子都成了電視迷 簡直不可救藥了。構(gòu)詞法：addict n. 吸毒成癮的人addiction n. 沉湎、成癮addictive adj. 使人上癮的addict 常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：addict oneself to sth. 沉溺于某物be addicted to sth.專心做某事；上了.的癮 be addicted to doing sth.Eg.

12、The parents felt helpless when they found their son had love stories for long.A. addicted B. addicted to C. addicted himself D. been addicted to8. accustom v. 使人習(xí)慣于、養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣e.g. She found it necessary to accustom her child to getting up early. 她覺得有必要讓孩子養(yǎng)成早起 的好習(xí)慣。常用句式：1） accustom+ 名詞 /oneself + to+ 名eg.C

13、hildren are quick to accustom themselves to new surroundings. 孩子們很快就會(huì)適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。2） be accustomed to + 名詞e.g. I am accustomed to walking long distances. 我習(xí)慣與長距離步行。3） get/become/be accustomed to + 名詞e.g. You will soon get accustomed to the job. 你將會(huì)習(xí)慣于這個(gè)工作。同義詞組： be / get / become used to注意 :在英語中 , to 有時(shí)為動(dòng)詞不

14、定式符號(hào) , 后跟動(dòng)詞原形; 有時(shí)用作介詞, 后跟名詞、 代詞、 或動(dòng)名詞。下面的這些短語中的 tostick to 堅(jiān)持sentence sb. to 宣判某人be up to 總計(jì)be opposed to / object tobe attached tolook forward tocontribute towhen it comes to9.withdraw -withdrawal均為介詞。lead to 導(dǎo)致 , 通向come to 談到 , 涉及devote - to致力于反對(duì)adjust （adapt） topay attention toturn topay a visit

15、to 參觀see to 處理，負(fù)責(zé)get down to 開始/ 著手be devoted to 致力于，獻(xiàn)身于be exposed toattend toadmit toThe general refused to withdraw his troops. （收回，撤回）She withdrew all her savings and left the country. （取錢，提款）withdrawal symptoms 戒毒過程中出現(xiàn)的癥狀" 停止做，"形式-ing接動(dòng)詞quitting,現(xiàn)在分詞為quit,過去式和過去分詞均為，動(dòng)詞10. quite.g. She

16、quit smoking when she got pregnant. 她一懷孕就戒了煙。歸類記憶 :下列動(dòng)詞只能用 -ing 形式作賓語admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny , forbid（ 禁止 ）, fancy（ 想象 ）, finish, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, prevent, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, imagine, postpone(推遲)，practice, quit, resist( 抵

17、制)，risk , suggest, tolerate, understand Line 18: I did finally manage.Line 30: I do hope so because I want you to live do/does/did+ 動(dòng)詞原形，用于肯定句和祈使句中，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。注意：只用于強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語以外的成分可使用：It is/was thatIt was when I was doing my homework that I saw him sleeping.It was I that/who saw him sleeping in class.Do

18、be careful when crossing the street.He does speak English well.Line 19: I didn't know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. 點(diǎn)撥 該句是一個(gè)包含兩個(gè)賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句。第二個(gè)賓語從句 that 不能省略。主句為I didn't know。or連接這兩個(gè)

19、賓語從句，意為“也不(知道)"。I don't know . or .這個(gè)句型譯為“我不知道，也不知道”。如：I don't know where to go or what to do. 我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。We believe (that) you are honest and that you've told us the truth.我們相信你很老實(shí)，也相信你已告訴了我們實(shí)情。Line 22: Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the heath of non -s

20、mokers.Line 1: it is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you. neither/nor +be/ 助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 表示否定的情況so +be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示肯定的情況。She doesn't like English, neither do I.I have mastered the use of it, so have she.注意：so+主語+助動(dòng)詞I have finished all my homework, so have she.-S

21、he finished all the homework yesterday.-So she did.我已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)，她也是。-她昨天把所有的作業(yè)完成了。-她確實(shí)都完成了。Line 27: I knew it was time to quit smoking.It is/was time (for sb) to do sth.It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth.It is/was)the first (second )time that sb. have/has done sth./had done sth.It's

22、time for us to study hard. 該是我們認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候了It's high time that we studied/should study hard.昨天晚上是我們第一次同學(xué)聚會(huì)。 and I have got together. It's the first time that my classmates 11.strengthenPracticing Kongfu strengthens our bodies.We must strengthen our socialist construction.We should strengthen the

23、 legal system.He lifted the stone with all his strength.The ability to keep calm is one of his many strengths.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercises to build up his strength.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths and weaknesses.12.decide de

24、cision1 .decide+ 名詞 /代詞The question will be decided by themselves. 問題將由他們自己決定。2 .decide to doLast week, a group of Class 3 students decided to go to the museum.3 .decide+ 從句Let's first decide where we should go.(=Let's first decide where to go.)It is not decided whether we will go there.It i

25、s decided that. ：It is decided that we should start tomorrow. (注：這種從句要用虛擬語氣。 )4 .跟介詞短語(跟 on 或 upon ，表示“就某事做出決定” ) ：Don't decide on important matters too quickly. 重要的事情不要匆忙做出決定。make a decisiondetermine to do / be determined to domake up one's mind (s) to do13. feel like 想要 , 只表示一次的想法, 后接動(dòng)詞 -i

26、ng 形式e.g. It's so hot today. I feel like going swimming. 今天好熱啊, 我想去游泳。摸起來像，像是e.g. The material feels like silkIt feels like rain.would like to doe.g. I'd like to have dinner with you.Line 6: Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non -smoker. every time在

27、此句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語，表示"每次的時(shí)候”Every time I go to see her, she is always busy working. 每次我去看她，她總是忙于工作。下列用法均可做連詞：the first time第一次的時(shí)候the moment/minute/instant/immediately/instantly/directly .就.every time=each time 每次的時(shí)候last time 上次next time 下次by the time 到為止第一次見到他的時(shí)候，我就喜歡他了。 I fell in love with him the firs

28、t time I saw him.The last time I saw her, she was working. 最后一次見到她的時(shí)候，她正在工作。I always go too see my best friend immediately we have a holiday. 一放假，我總是去看我最好的朋 友。14.remindremind sb of sthremind sb to to remind sb that e.g. The story reminded me of an experience I once lived.You must remind him to take

29、his medicine ,in case he forgets.Please remind me that I must return the book before noon.15 .ashamed adj. feel sorry or embarrassede.g. She is ashamed to ask such a simple question.相關(guān)短語： be ashamed of sb./ sthbe ashamed that be ashamed to do What a shame!It's a shame (pity) that.真是遺憾16 . in spi

30、te of 盡管 , 雖然，不顧。后接名詞( despite)eg. She can't see very well in spite of her glasses. (despite)盡管戴著眼鏡她還是不能看得很清楚。Despite (In spite of) the fact that we tried our best, we didn't win.regardless of 不管，不顧，不理會(huì)He says what he thinks and does what he wants to do, regardless of other people's feel

31、ings.The law says everyone is equal, regardless of age, sex, or religion.Though / Although / Even ifEven though it's hard work, I enjoy it.Young as / though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.17 . get into 陷于 , 染上什么習(xí)慣get into the habit of 養(yǎng)成什么習(xí)慣。相當(dāng)于 fall into the habit of 或者 form

32、the habit ofe.g. The girl has got into the habit of playing with her hair while reading. 那個(gè)女孩養(yǎng)成了閱讀時(shí)玩弄頭發(fā)的習(xí)慣。短語聯(lián)想：get into trouble 惹上麻煩get into debt 負(fù)債累累get along / on with get away with get down get in get off get overget through get together18 .at risk=in dangertake risks/ a riskat the risk of 冒的危險(xiǎn)/

33、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) at your own riskrun the risk of 冒險(xiǎn) (做某事 )risk doing19 .survival - survive -survivorOf the four people in the car accident,only one survived.Many customs have survived from earlier times. 許多風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣源源流長The old lady has survived her husband. 那老婦人的丈夫先她而去世了He felt lucky to have survived the war. 經(jīng)歷那場(chǎng)

34、戰(zhàn)爭后能幸存下來他感到很幸運(yùn)20 .possible, probable, likely 的用法It's possible (for sb) to doIt's possible that It's probable that sth is probableIt's likely that .主語 +be likely to do21 .prejudicepride and prejudice 傲慢與偏見She has a prejudice against modern music. 她對(duì)現(xiàn)代音樂懷有偏見。They accused him of having

35、a prejudice against his women employees. 他們指責(zé)他歧視女雇員。A new law has been brought in to discourage racial prejudice. 一項(xiàng)反對(duì)種族歧視的新法律已被提出。judgement-judge in one's judgement 依判斷judge.from / by 依判斷judging by / from 在句中作狀語In my judgement, he is guilty.We can't judge a book by its cover.Judging from hi

36、s skin, he comes from Africa.練習(xí)： Complete the sentences with words from the text.1. Rice production has increased greatly in China over the last few years, largely superhybrid rice.2. Having lived in Hawaii all his life, he was not to the cold of Northern Europe.due to accustomed3. He was of his body so he decided to go on a diet and do more exercise.4. In spite of her wounded leg, she to