【2015春走向高考】高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題6 定語從句

1、走向高考走向高考 英語英語路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索吾將上下而求索人教版人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)) 高考總復(fù)習(xí)高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項(xiàng)突破語法專項(xiàng)突破 第二部分第二部分專題六定語從句專題六定語從句第二部分第二部分一、關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)定語從句1who和whom的用法。(1)先行詞為one，ones，anyone，those指代人時(shí)。The persons I want to talk about with you are Faye Wong and Li Yapeng，the ones who signed a divorce agreement on

2、Friday in Urumqi.我想和你談?wù)摰娜耸峭醴坪屠顏嗼i，他們于周五在烏魯木齊簽署離婚協(xié)議。(2)在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人。Theres a gentleman who wants to see you.有位紳士想見你。(3)一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)修飾人的定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個(gè)宜用who以避免重復(fù)。The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.昨天在會(huì)上

3、受表揚(yáng)的學(xué)生是班長(zhǎng)，他非常謙虛、好學(xué)。(4)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用whom，關(guān)系代詞whom在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞可放在后面，也可提前構(gòu)成介詞關(guān)系代詞whom(先行詞指人)結(jié)構(gòu)。The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.這里居住著將近1, 000人，他們中的許多人都離開家鄉(xiāng)去城市追求更好的生活。2whose的用法。whose指人或物，作定語，表示“的”，可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of關(guān)系代詞”。關(guān)系代詞who

4、se一般指人，表示“該人的”，也可指物，表示“該物的”，在以物為先行詞時(shí)，可用of which代替，在從句中作定語。The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)會(huì)給作品最富有想象力的那位作家。名師點(diǎn)撥關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。例如：Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.湯姆是派往國外的工程師之一。Tom is the only one of the engineers who has c

5、ome up with the solution.湯姆就是唯一提出解決方案的那位工程師。二、關(guān)系副詞when，where，why引導(dǎo)定語從句1when的用法。先行詞為“時(shí)間名詞”，可用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語，也可用“介詞which”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.體力是你生存所需的日子一去不復(fù)返了。2where的用法。(1)先行詞是“地點(diǎn)名詞”，定語從句可用where引導(dǎo)，where在從句中作狀語，也可用“介詞which”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。A b

6、ank is the place where(in which)they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.銀行是一個(gè)晴好天氣借給你雨傘而雨天又要回雨傘的地方。(2)如果定語從句修飾point，situation，part，condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況下”(前提是從句中缺少狀語)。You reach a point where medicine cant help。你到了藥物無法治療的地步。3why

7、的用法。先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時(shí)，可以用why引導(dǎo)定語從句，why在定語從句中作原因狀語，可用for which替代。The reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.他沒出席會(huì)議的原因是他生病了。點(diǎn)津當(dāng)way表示方法、方式作先行詞時(shí)，如果后面的定語從句中缺少狀語時(shí)，可以用that或in which引導(dǎo)，也可以省略關(guān)系詞。如果定語從句中缺少賓語時(shí)，要用that或which引導(dǎo)，也可以省略關(guān)系詞。I dont like the way that/in which/不填 he speaks

8、to his mother.我不喜歡他和他媽媽說話的方式。三、介詞關(guān)系代詞的6個(gè)考查點(diǎn)1考查定語從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配。Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.風(fēng)力是一種古老的能源，也許在不久的將來我們(人類)會(huì)再次使用它。2考查形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣。He referred to me some reference books with which I am not very familiar.他要我去參考一些我不太熟悉的參考書。3考查根據(jù)句意確定介詞。I am l

9、ooking for my glasses，without which I cant watch TV clearly.我正在找我的眼鏡，沒有它我就看不清電視了。4考查表示所屬關(guān)系的 of which/whom。She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.她帶領(lǐng)參觀者參觀了那個(gè)花了三年多時(shí)間才建成的博物館。5考查表示整體與部分關(guān)系的of which/whom。The buses，most of which were already full

10、，were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽車被憤怒的人群包圍著，其中的大部分已滿員了。6考查表示同位關(guān)系的of which/whom。She brought with her three friends，none of whom I had ever met before.她帶來了她的三位朋友，我以前全沒見過。名師點(diǎn)撥選擇介詞3原則：根據(jù)句子意思表達(dá)的需要；根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣；根據(jù)先行詞和介詞的搭配習(xí)慣。四、5組易混關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析類型主要用法典句例示只用that不用which的情況先行詞是all，much，little，somethin

11、g，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代詞時(shí)I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒絕接受那些因?yàn)閯e人的過錯(cuò)而帶來的責(zé)難。先行詞被only，any，few，no，very，little等修飾時(shí)Australia is the only country that is also a continent.澳大利亞是唯一一個(gè)獨(dú)占一個(gè)大洲的國家。先行詞是形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)This is the most interesting

12、 film that Ive ever seen.這是我看過的最有趣的一部電影。類型主要用法典句例示只用that不用which的情況先行詞為人、物并用時(shí)Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他們正在談?wù)摰氖潞腿藛?？主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí)Which is the bike that you lost?哪一輛是你丟的自行車？先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時(shí)Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be.山東不再是

13、以前的那個(gè)樣子了。關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?這是莎士比亞出生的那間房子嗎？類型主要用法典句例示只用which不用that的情況引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)As a child，Jack studied in a village school，which is named after his grandfather.杰克小時(shí)候是在一所山村學(xué)校上的學(xué)，這所學(xué)校是以他祖父的名字命名的。先行詞為that/those時(shí)Whats that which was put in the car?被放入車內(nèi)的是什么？which用作

14、定語時(shí)He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.他也許會(huì)遲到，那樣的話，我們應(yīng)該等他。類型主要用法典句例示只用which不用that的情況引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)As a child，Jack studied in a village school，which is named after his grandfather.杰克小時(shí)候是在一所山村學(xué)校上的學(xué)，這所學(xué)校是以他祖父的名字命名的。先行詞為that/those時(shí)Whats that which was put in the car?被放入車內(nèi)的是什么？which用作定語時(shí)He

15、 may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.他也許會(huì)遲到，那樣的話，我們應(yīng)該等他。the same. as與the same.thatthe same.as表示相似或同類的東西the same.that表示同一人或物This is the same book as he lent me last week.這是他上星期借給我的那類書。This is the same book that he lent me last week.這是他上星期借給我的那本書。類型主要用法典句例示such/so.as與such/so.thatsuch/so

16、.as(定語從句)像那樣such/so.that(狀語從句)如此以至于This is such an easy question as I can answer.這是一個(gè)容易的我能回答的問題。This is such an easy question that I can answer it.這個(gè)問題如此簡(jiǎn)單連我都能回答。as與whichas引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后as意為“正如”，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等；which意為“這一點(diǎn)

17、”Avatar is a very successful film，as is known to all.阿凡達(dá)是一部很成功的電影，這一點(diǎn)是大家都知道的。The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)被推遲，這讓我們吃驚。五、定語從句與其他從句的辨析類型主要區(qū)別典句例示與并列句的區(qū)別如果兩個(gè)句子之間是分號(hào)，或有and，but，so等連接詞，則這兩個(gè)句子為并列句；如果兩個(gè)句子之間是逗號(hào)，且沒有上述的連接詞，則這兩個(gè)句子之間就是主從關(guān)系，須有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句They have more than 100 books；most of

18、 them are English books.(并列句)他們有100多本書，其中的大部分是英語書。Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，one I will always treasure.(定語從句)這么多年后見到我的叔叔是一個(gè)令人難忘的時(shí)刻，這一刻我會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)珍藏。類型主要區(qū)別典句例示與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的關(guān)鍵在于把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“It is/was.that.”去掉后，主句的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)是完整的It is from this library that I borrowed the book.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)我是從這家圖書館借到的那本書。This is the library where I borrowed the bo