外研版英語(yǔ)九年級(jí)下冊(cè)Module8 Unit3 精品課件

1、 Module8 My future life Unit3 Language in use初中英語(yǔ)外研版九年級(jí)下This is the film which I saw last night.This is the film whose name is Titanic .The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy . Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine

2、 who loved each other very much in the film . which指物，作賓語(yǔ)指物，作賓語(yǔ)that指物，作主語(yǔ)指物，作主語(yǔ)whose指人，作定語(yǔ)指人，作定語(yǔ)whom指人，作賓語(yǔ)指人，作賓語(yǔ)who指人，作主語(yǔ)指人，作主語(yǔ)Attributive Clause 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句在句中作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句在句中作定語(yǔ), 用來(lái)修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞用來(lái)修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞, 這個(gè)名詞或代詞叫這個(gè)名詞或代詞叫先行詞先行詞, 而定語(yǔ)從句位于先行詞而定語(yǔ)從句位于先行詞的后面。的后面。用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系詞分關(guān)系代詞(

3、that, which, who, whom, whose)和關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why)。關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 指代先行詞指代先行詞, 并在從句中作并在從句中作一定成分一定成分, 如作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。如作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞有有that, which, who, whom, whose。relativesused forused aswhichthingsubject（主語(yǔ)）（主語(yǔ)） object（賓語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)）thatthingpersonwhopersonwhompersonobject（

4、賓語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)）whoseperson/thingattribute（定語(yǔ)）（定語(yǔ)）that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 既可以指人既可以指人, 也可以指物也可以指物, 在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 He is a person that does what he says. (person是先行詞是先行詞, that在從句中作主語(yǔ)在從句中作主語(yǔ)) 他是一個(gè)說(shuō)話算數(shù)的人。他是一個(gè)說(shuō)話算數(shù)的人。 The cat that I bought yesterday is ill. (cat是先行詞是先行詞, that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)在從句中作賓

5、語(yǔ)) 我昨天買的那只貓病了。我昨天買的那只貓病了。 who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能指人引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能指人, 在從句中可以在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 A friend who helps you when you have trouble is a real friend. (friend是先行詞是先行詞, who在從句中作主語(yǔ)在從句中作主語(yǔ)) 在你有困難時(shí)幫助你的朋友才是真正的朋在你有困難時(shí)幫助你的朋友才是真正的朋友。友。 whom也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 在從句中只能在從句中只能作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ), 有時(shí)可以和有時(shí)可以和who互換互換,

6、 但介詞后只但介詞后只能用能用whom, 不能用不能用who。 He is the man who / whom I have been looking for. = He is the man for whom I have been looking. 他就是我一直在找的人。他就是我一直在找的人。 which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 只能指物只能指物, 在從句中在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)?？梢宰髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。I want to take away the book which you showed me yesterday. (book是先行詞是先行

7、詞, which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)在從句中作賓語(yǔ)) 我想帶走你昨天給我看的那本書(shū)。我想帶走你昨天給我看的那本書(shū)。注意注意:在由在由that, who和和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中, 當(dāng)它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)時(shí), 都不可以省略；都不可以省略；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 都可以省略。都可以省略。介詞后面只能用介詞后面只能用which或或whom, 不能用不能用that或或who。 There are lots of things (that) I need to prepare before the trip. Do you know the girl who / that

8、is singing in the classroom? This is the biggest fish (that) I have ever seen.Finger food is the food _which we eat with our fingersA handbag is a small bag _which women use to carry their thingsSchool- leavers are young people _who are leaving schoolComplete the sentences using which, that, who or

9、whom.1 1A classmate is someone_ who is in the same class as meA friend is someone_I trustA stranger is someone_whom I dont know How do you know that the party is international? Why are the people cheering? What do you think the person making a speech is saying?Look at the picture and the menu. Discu

10、ss the questions.2 2 How do you know that the party is international? Why are the people cheering? What do you think the person making a speech is saying? I think the party is international because the food is international.I think the people are cheering because they are happy about what the speake

11、r is saying. I think the speaker is saying that now the speech is over and it is time to eat!根據(jù)句意根據(jù)句意, 用正確的關(guān)系代詞填空。用正確的關(guān)系代詞填空。He is the man _ is ready to help others. 2. The girl _ I spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The dress _ you bought in the city mall is made of silk.4. Bill likes music _ he ca

12、n sing along with. that / who that / who / whomthat / whichthat / which5. This is the village _ I used to live in.6. Women always like buying many things _ they dont need at all. 7. Im studying a subject _ I am very interested in.8. The girl with _ I went shopping yesterday is my cousin.that / which

13、that / whichthat / whichwhom注意注意:關(guān)系詞只能用關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況的情況: a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí), 只能用只能用that,而不用而不用which。例如。例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. b. 被修飾的先行詞為被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代等不定代詞時(shí)詞時(shí),

14、 只能用只能用that, 而不用而不用which。例如。例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? c. 先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí)等詞修飾時(shí),只能用只能用that,而不用而不用which。例如。例如: This is the same bike that I lost.d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí), 只能用只能用that, 而而不用不用which。例如。例如: I can remember wel

15、l the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.e. 以以who或或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句, 為避免重為避免重復(fù)復(fù), 只能用只能用that。例如。例如: Who is the girl that is crying? f. 主句是主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu), 修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that, 而不用而不用which。例如。例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 單項(xiàng)選擇單項(xiàng)選擇1. I like music _ great

16、lyrics. A. that have B. that has C. who have D. who has2. They are talking about things and persons _ _ they saw there a few days ago. A. who B. which C. that D. what BC3. This is the highest building _ Ive ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. where4. I really didnt know anything _ happened to Jim

17、 yesterday. A. which B. whose C. when D. thatBD5. - Who is the man _ is standing over there? - Oh, he is my math teacher. A. who B. whom C. that D. which6. The building _ is over one hundred years old is very famous here. A. which B. what C. when D. whereCAObject clause賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句一、賓語(yǔ)從句的概念一、賓語(yǔ)從句的概念賓語(yǔ)從句

18、屬于名詞性從句，在句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)從句屬于名詞性從句，在句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)。eg: We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.二、賓語(yǔ)從句三要素二、賓語(yǔ)從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 序序時(shí)時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài)三、引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的詞有：三、引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的詞有：(1) 連詞連詞that (在口語(yǔ)中在口語(yǔ)中that?？墒÷裕?。如：?？墒÷裕?。如：He knows (that) Jim will work hard.在由在由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，由于連詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，由于連詞that只

19、起引導(dǎo)功能，只起引導(dǎo)功能，無(wú)具體意義，不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成份，因此在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文無(wú)具體意義，不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成份，因此在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常可省略。然而，大凡規(guī)則總有例外的情況，在下列體中?？墒÷浴Ｈ欢?，大凡規(guī)則總有例外的情況，在下列that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，that則不能省略。則不能省略。that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以使引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以使用任意符合句意要求的時(shí)態(tài)。如：用任意符合句意要求的時(shí)態(tài)。如：He says (that) they have returned already 他說(shuō)他們已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。他說(shuō)他們已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。He tells m

20、e that he was born in 1985. 他告訴我他生于他告訴我他生于1985年。年。 如果主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種如果主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)形式（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。如：去完成時(shí)）。如：He said (that) he bought a new dictionary 他說(shuō)他買了本新詞典。他說(shuō)他買了本新詞典。I knew they were studying English 我知道他們正在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。我知道他們正在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。如果從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名如果從句表

21、達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言、警句、格言、諺語(yǔ)等等，盡管主句用一般過(guò)去言、警句、格言、諺語(yǔ)等等，盡管主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：時(shí)，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 我們老師告訴我們，光比聲音傳播得快。我們老師告訴我們，光比聲音傳播得快。 He said that time is life. 他說(shuō)時(shí)間就是生命。他說(shuō)時(shí)間就是生命。(2) 連接代詞連接代詞who, whom, which等，如：等，如： Do you know who (whom) they are

22、 waiting for?(3) 連接副詞連接副詞when, where, how, why等。如：等。如： Could you tell me how we can get to the station?(4)由由if和和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句if和和whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，作引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，作“是否是否”講，一般情況下，講，一般情況下，二者沒(méi)有區(qū)別，可以換用。但二者沒(méi)有區(qū)別，可以換用。但if常用于口語(yǔ)中，常用于口語(yǔ)中，whether比較正式。如：比較正式。如： Millie asked if / whether he liked this sweater. 米莉問(wèn)

23、他是否喜歡這件羊毛衫。米莉問(wèn)他是否喜歡這件羊毛衫。 The fisherman wants to know if / whether it will rain. 漁民想知道天是否會(huì)下雨。漁民想知道天是否會(huì)下雨。if和和whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意賓語(yǔ)從句三引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意賓語(yǔ)從句三要素，即連詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。要素，即連詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。由于由于if和和whether連連接的是一般疑問(wèn)句，因此要注意把從句語(yǔ)序改為接的是一般疑問(wèn)句，因此要注意把從句語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：陳述句語(yǔ)序。如： Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me?

24、Could you tell me if / whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208? 其次要注意時(shí)態(tài)變化：其次要注意時(shí)態(tài)變化： 1). 若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用任何所需時(shí)態(tài)。若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用任何所需時(shí)態(tài)。如：如： He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home. 他想知道他們回家旅途是否愉快。他想知道他們回家旅途是否愉快。2). 若主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則用跟過(guò)去相關(guān)的時(shí)若主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則用跟過(guò)去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去

25、時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：成時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)。如： Did the train leave? She didnt know. She didnt know if / whether the train had left. if和和whether的區(qū)別的區(qū)別二者在下列幾種情況下不能換用：二者在下列幾種情況下不能換用：1). 賓語(yǔ)從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，應(yīng)用賓語(yǔ)從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，應(yīng)用whether，不用，不用if。如：。如： Whether this is true or not, I

26、cant say. 這是否對(duì)，我不能說(shuō)。這是否對(duì)，我不能說(shuō)。2). 賓語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句與or not直接連用時(shí)，應(yīng)用直接連用時(shí)，應(yīng)用whether，不能用不能用if。如：。如： I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否來(lái)。我不知道他明天是否來(lái)。3). 與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)，只能用與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)，只能用whether。如：。如： She cant decide whether to go to America. 她不能決定是否去美國(guó)。她不能決定是否去美國(guó)。4). 從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whe

27、ther。如：。如： I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。5). 賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，只能用賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，只能用if，不能用，不能用whether。如：。如： Tom wants to know if he wont come here tomorrow. 湯姆想知道他明天是否不來(lái)這兒。湯姆想知道他明天是否不來(lái)這兒。6). if意為意為“假如，如果假如，如果”時(shí)，可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，而從句，而whether沒(méi)有這個(gè)用法。如：沒(méi)有這個(gè)用法。如： If

28、 Simon comes here tomorrow, Ill call you. 假如西蒙明天來(lái)這兒，我將打電話告訴你。假如西蒙明天來(lái)這兒，我將打電話告訴你。1. Uncle Wang came up to see _ there was anything wrong with the machine.if / whether2. I dont know _ to go or stay.3. _ that is true, what should we do?whetherIf4. _ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell. WhetherComplete the sentences with if / whether.賓語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別賓語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于賓語(yǔ)，只是以一個(gè)句子相當(dāng)于賓語(yǔ)，只是以一個(gè)句子的形式出現(xiàn)；而的形式出現(xiàn)；而定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于形容詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞，用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。賓語(yǔ)