(完整word版)2018年浙江省高考新題型概要寫作訓(xùn)練及指導(dǎo)

1、概要寫作技法講解v考綱解讀提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。原題分析1 .原文材料350詞以內(nèi)，概要寫作4080詞。2 .原文以說明文、議論文為主。3 .概要，基本就是段落大意。每段用一句話概括，或者兩段一個大意，最多用兩句話概括。4 .要著重訓(xùn)練自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的歸納概括能力。寫作注意事項1 .找關(guān)鍵詞和主題句，準(zhǔn)確理解、分析原文要點(diǎn)，歸納段落大意。2 .各要點(diǎn)的表達(dá)要相對獨(dú)立。3 .各要點(diǎn)之間要有適當(dāng)?shù)你暯印? .句型力求簡單，每句話要表意明白，無空泛、籠統(tǒng)、含混之詞。5 .盡量使用短句，慎用長難句。例如，盡量少用關(guān)系代詞which,

2、 who等引導(dǎo)的定語從句，而采用-ing形式和-ed形式作定語。6 .多使用概括性詞語，少用具體描述性詞語。概要模板及句型1 .表示文章的內(nèi)容以及研究目的 This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with. The article focuses on the topic of.2 .表示研究的結(jié)論 The result showed that.The author found that. It was concluded that.3表示推薦、觀點(diǎn)或建議The author suggests/considers that.Suggestions

3、are made for.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。As most children return to school, many affluent families are choosing to pull their children out of the mainstream education system altogether in favor of having a tutor at home "Around 50 percent of the inquiries we're getting at the moment are

4、 for long-term, daily home tutoring," Steve Spriggs, managing director of London-based private tutoring service And, he adds, the trend has grown from families asking for personal tutors to replicate the classroom environment in their own homes. Many families that were making the inquiries for

5、full -time home tutors, Spriggs said, were either travelling so frequently that sending their children to one school was impractical and others did not want their children to go into boarding school.Home tutoring is nothing new, and many tuition firms also offer extra tutoring services to families w

6、anting their children to have a little extra help learning aheadof entrance exams at competitive private schools in the U.K., such as Harrow, St. Pauls or Eton."We always make it clear to parents that we will only offer full -time home schooling for a year though," Spriggs explained. "

7、;Any more than a year and children start to lose out on what a school environment can give them, such as social skills and that vital interaction they need mitigate that anyway in our home tutoring with sports clubs of museum trips as part of the teaching program."Spriggs said that the costs of

8、 hiring a full -time tutor would exceed the fees of a top boarding school, which usually charge around £ 35,000 ($54,400) a year. Some families employ tWonfeitbtors, one to cover humanities and the other to cover science and maths. Devising an educational plan for youngsters in these situations

9、 is not a quick process, however, taking up to six weeks to plan, Spriggs said, with a tutor being matched to the child to ensure they are compatible.參考范文：Home tutoring isn ' rare in society. Some rich families choose full -time tutors because of frequenttravelling or because they don' t wan

10、t their children to go into boarding school 1) Meanwhile, to perform betterin entrance exams, some children need extra tutoring services要1點(diǎn) 2) Some tuition firms add some activities to improve the social skills of the children .( 要點(diǎn) 3) Although the costs of home tutoring are high, some families stil

11、l employ two full -time tutors to ensure their children can gain balanced development1要點(diǎn) 4)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練2閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇 60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing.However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century , people thought that dirt o

12、n the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let 川s in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 154

13、6.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a baththe king ordered that to avoid the attack of diseasethe nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit

14、（好處）of dirt was long-lived , dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century.Scientifically speaking cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved

15、beyond science since World WaE .Advertisements repeatedly sell the ideaclothes need to be whiter than white cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children of

16、f touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist（免疫學(xué)家），encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter 后者）position is gaining some ground.【參考范文】People have mixed opinions towards di

17、rt on our skin.（L點(diǎn) 1）For a long time in history, people of some European countries such as France believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.（要,點(diǎn) 2）However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us h

18、ealthy!（L點(diǎn) 3）However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system磔點(diǎn) 4）附：概要寫作評分原則及給分范圍一、評分原則1 .本題總分為25分，按5個檔次給分。2 .評分時，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分3 .詞數(shù)少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。4 .評分時，應(yīng)主要從以下四個方面考慮：(1)對原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性；(3)上下文的連貫性；(4)對各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況。5 .拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個重要方面， 評分時，應(yīng)視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮6 .如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個檔次。二、各檔次的給分范圍和要求檔次描述第五檔(21-25)一理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)。一能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。一有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。一完全使用自己的語言。第四檔(16-20)一理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋絕大部分要點(diǎn)。一所使用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞?匚可能有些許錯誤，但完全不影響意義表 達(dá)。一比較有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊 湊。一有個別整句抄