[譯林版]英語簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型(講解、練習(xí))

1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型講解及習(xí)題一、句子成份英語句子成分有主語，謂語，賓語，賓語補(bǔ)足語，表語,定語，狀語等。順序一般是主語，謂語，賓語，賓語補(bǔ)足語，而表語,定語，狀語的位置要根據(jù)情況而定。1、主語：表示句子主要說明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）Weoften speak English in class.（代詞）One-t

2、hird of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（動(dòng)名詞）The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句）It is necessary to master a foreign language . （it 作形式主語，真正的

3、主語為后面的不定式） 2、一后語：謂語說明主語的動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)或特征。可以有不同的時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài)和語氣。1）簡(jiǎn)單謂語：We study for the people.2）復(fù)合謂語：I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.3、表語：它位于系動(dòng)詞（比如be）之后，說明主語身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。My sister is a nurse .Is it yours ?（代詞）The weather has turned cold .（形容詞）The speech is exciting. （分詞）Th

4、ree times seven is twenty one ?（數(shù)詞）His job is to teach English .（不定式）His hobby （愛好）is playing football .（動(dòng)名詞）The ruler must be in your box.（介詞短語）Time is up. The class isover.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad .（表語從句）4、賓語：賓語表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，跟在及物動(dòng)詞之后,We like English .How many dictionaries do you

5、have? I havefive .（數(shù)詞）They helped the 01d with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）It began to rain .（不定式短語）I enjoy listening to popular music .（動(dòng)名詞短語）I think （that ） he is fit for his office. （賓語從句）有些及物動(dòng)詞可以帶兩個(gè)賓語，往往一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，指人的叫間接賓語，指物的叫直接賓語。He gave me some ink .有些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語后面還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成復(fù)

6、合賓語。如：We makehim our monito r（班長(zhǎng)）.5、賓補(bǔ)： 就是賓語補(bǔ)足語，就是補(bǔ)充說明賓語的I see you crossing the streetHis father named him David.（名詞）They painted （涂漆）their boat white .（形容詞）Let the fresh（新鮮的）air jn_.（副詞）You mustn' t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語）We saw her entering the room .（現(xiàn)在分詞）We found everythin

7、g in the lab in good order .（介詞短語）6、定語：在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。He is a new student.但副詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，介詞短語等作定語時(shí),則放在被修飾的詞 之后。The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is a developing （發(fā)展中）country; America is a developed （發(fā)達(dá)）country.（分詞）There are thirtywomenteachers is our school.

8、（名詞）His progress（進(jìn)步）in English made us surprised.（代詞）Our monitor （班長(zhǎng)）is always the first to enter the classroom .（不定式短語）He is reading an article（ 文章）about how to learn English .（介詞短語）7、狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分,叫做狀語。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之后或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時(shí)可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。He lives in London .Light travels most quickly .

9、（副詞及副詞性詞組）He has lived in the city for ten years .（介詞短語）He is sorry to trouble（麻煩）you .（不定式短語）He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）Once （一旦 0 you begin , you must continue.（狀語從句）狀語種類如下:How about meeting again at six ?（時(shí)間狀語）Last night she didn ' t go to the dance party because of the rain

10、 .（原因狀語）I shall go there i f it doesn ' t rain .（條件狀語）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語）She put the eggs into the basketwith great care.（方式狀語）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的狀語）He was so tired that he fell asleep

11、immediately.（結(jié)果狀語）She works very hard though she is 01d.（讓步狀語）I am taller than he is .（比較狀語）一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Bei

12、jing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. He wants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建議）.9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It js_ our duty to

13、 keep our classroom clean and tidy14. He noticed （注意至 U） a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個(gè)基本句式。這五個(gè)基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個(gè)基本句式生成的。這五個(gè)基本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主語+不及物動(dòng)詞S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主語 +連系動(dòng)詞 +表語S十V十。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)主語 +及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十。十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)She is happy

14、She bought a book for me.判斷類型和句子成分：She came .She likes English.The teacher asked me to read the passage.She gave John a book .My head aches.She makes her mother angry . The sun was shining.The moon rose.They talked for half an hour.他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。The dinner smells good.午餐的氣味很好。Everything looks different.一

15、切看來都不同了。He is growing tall and strong.他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯。His face turned red.他的臉紅了。Who knows the answer? 誰知道答案？ He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 He bought you a dictionary.She ordered herself a new dress. 她給自 己定了一套新衣裳。She cooked her husband a delicious meal.她給丈夫煮了一餐美饌。I showed him m

16、y pictures. Igave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽車。He showed me how to run the machine.他教我開機(jī)器。What makes him think so?他怎么會(huì)這樣想？The children are playing happily.The Greens enjoy living in China.He became a famous doctor.他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。The apple pie tastes really delicious.蘋果派吃起來真是好吃?；揪湫鸵唬?S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞：

17、appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,如：學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。基本句型二： S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 常見的系動(dòng)詞有：be（是）；get（變得）,become（成為）,turn（ 變得）， look（看起來）,feel（感到）,smell（ 聞起來）,taste（嘗起來）,sound（ 聽起來）,seem（似乎）A. 表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain,等等。1） We should any t

18、ime.我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都應(yīng)該保持安靜。2）這種食物嘗起來很糟糕。.B. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：1） Spring comes. It is.春天至U 了，天氣變得越來越暖和。2） Don't have the food.不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了?；揪湫腿篠十V十。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)1）我昨天看了一部電影。 .3） They have of the children .這些孩子他們照看得很好。基本句型四：S十V十間接賓語“人”十直接賓語“物”結(jié)構(gòu)間接賓語前需要加to的常用動(dòng)詞有：bri

19、ng,give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。間接賓語前需要加 for的常用動(dòng)詞有：buy, choose, make, order, paint, play（演奏）,sing,等。1） Yesterday her father as a birthday present. 昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。2） The old manin the Long March.（正在給孩子們講故事 ）這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為：動(dòng)詞 + 直接賓語 + for/ to sb

20、.3） Please show me your picture. =Please.我把書遞給他。請(qǐng)把你的畫給我看一下。4） I the salt. = I the salt基本句型五：S十V十。十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語。call （叫）,choose （選），find （發(fā)現(xiàn)）make, name（命名）1) Keep2) They painted 3) We must4) He asked me 5)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)懶惰的人。,please.soon.請(qǐng)讓孩子們安靜下來。他們把門漆成綠色

21、。我們必須保持我們的學(xué)校潔。他要我早點(diǎn)回來。7等后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶 迫使他勞動(dòng)）to。如:C. latestD. sweetD. latter注意： 動(dòng)詞 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch6) The boss all day.(7) We saw .( 他出去)?？键c(diǎn)突破訓(xùn)練1. I am sorry to have kept you A to wait B wait C waited D waiting2. I felt somebody me. A touch B touched C to touch D touc

22、hes3. He taught me speak English. A how should B how C how can I D how to4. I shall make your dream. A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true5. He told home.A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go6. I think a good habit to get up early. A this B it C that D its7. Roses in

23、 bloom smell.A sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness8. The weather.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold9. The apple tasted.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely10. He got up yesterday morning.A. latelyB. late11. were all very tired, but none of would stop to take a rest.A. W