高二人教課標(biāo)選修8Unit1Alandofdiversity名詞性從句講解與練習(xí)Word版

1、導(dǎo)入：英語(yǔ)句子一般結(jié)構(gòu)：1）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(vt.)+賓語(yǔ)(+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)) 2）主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) 3）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（vi.）賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)有什么不同?一個(gè)名詞跟在及物動(dòng)詞后是賓語(yǔ),跟在系動(dòng)詞后是表語(yǔ).主題：名詞性從句：名詞性從句是由連接詞whether, if,that和各種疑問(wèn)代詞或副詞what,who,which,where, when,how, why等充當(dāng)連接詞所引導(dǎo)的從句, 其功能同名詞一樣。包括賓從，表從，主從和同位語(yǔ)從句。四種從句的共性:1.引導(dǎo)詞基本一樣,如that , whether, when ,where, how. 但as if引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句. 2.陳述句語(yǔ)序. 3.疑問(wèn)代詞

2、,疑問(wèn)副詞保留自身的疑問(wèn)含義,如疑問(wèn)代詞who在賓語(yǔ)從句中仍譯為是誰(shuí),疑問(wèn)副詞where譯為哪里. 4.which表示選擇,that無(wú)意義 5. what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),而that在句子中只起連接作用。例如： (1) What you said yesterday is right. (2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.練習(xí)：用That/What填空： 1._ she is to visit the lonely island surprises us.2._ she is to do next week s

3、urprises us. 一賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句, 通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。如：I dont remember when we arrived. 賓語(yǔ)從句特點(diǎn)：1有引導(dǎo)詞that ，whether, if, who, whose, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why . 在賓語(yǔ)從句中的that可以省略，第2次出現(xiàn)就不能省。如：He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.2.在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。3陳述句語(yǔ)序

4、.如:The photographs will show you what our village looks like. 4引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別。what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),而that在句子中只起連接作用,無(wú)意義。例如： (1) I know that he will come. (2) I dont know what he will choose.5.whether與if同用, 但介詞后用whether. It all depends (on) whether they will support us.Lily wanted to know i

5、f /whether her grandma liked the handbag .二.表語(yǔ)從句 在從句中作表語(yǔ)的從句稱作表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句特點(diǎn)：1有引導(dǎo)詞that ，whether, as if, who, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why . 在表語(yǔ)從句中的that不能省。2.放在系動(dòng)詞之后, 表示狀態(tài)持續(xù)，變化的系動(dòng)詞有be, stay, keep, remain, get, become, seem,go,感官動(dòng)詞也屬系動(dòng)詞如look, sound, taste, smell, feel.等. 3陳述句語(yǔ)序. 4引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別。wha

6、t引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),而that在句子中只起連接作用,5.表語(yǔ)從句可用whether引導(dǎo),不用if.6. 有用結(jié)構(gòu)： 1）This/That/It is because 2）The reason is that練一練：1）He was late for school. That was _he got up late2）The reason why he was late for school is _he got up late.3）. China isnt _ she used to be4）. The question is _ you didnt do

7、 that in time.because ，that ，what ，that三.主語(yǔ)從句 在從句中作主語(yǔ)的從句稱作主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句特點(diǎn)：1有引導(dǎo)詞that ，whether, who, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why . 一般情況下主語(yǔ)從句中的that不省略.2.為了避免頭重腳輕,往往用it代替主語(yǔ)從句,放在句首,如 It is + 名詞/形容詞/過(guò)去分詞+ 主語(yǔ)從句 （有用句型:） It is reported/said/still a question/ that (P306)如: It is still a question whether sh

8、e will come or not.It is strange that you should like him. It is said / reported that he is the winner.3陳述句語(yǔ)序. 4引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別。what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),而that在句子中只起連接作用5. whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首, if不能.6.注意： whoever(凡是的人)引導(dǎo)主從和狀從, who(誰(shuí)) 引導(dǎo)主從 no matter who(無(wú)論是誰(shuí))只引導(dǎo)狀從(=whoever)1）._ will go comes her

9、e at 7.2）_ will go isnt known.3）._breaks the law must be punished.4）._breaks the law, he must be punished.5）.It _ that what you said is not so reasonable.( 必須指出) must be pointed out6）. It _ that Bush is elected President. 結(jié)果是 turned out 7）.It _ whether Tom or Mary teaches us English. (無(wú)區(qū)別) makes no

10、difference 1.Whoever; 2.Who; 3.whoever; 4.whoever/No matter who四.同位語(yǔ)從句 一般放在名詞 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, report, hope, belief 等之后,用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的名詞. 如：The news that our team has won the match is true.如:1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try

11、 a second time is worth considering.3.They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.同位語(yǔ)從句特點(diǎn)：1連接詞that雖在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,但不省略.2先行詞通常是一些具有一定內(nèi)容含義的概括性名詞如:conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, word(news), opinion, problem, promise, reason, truth, 等. 3that 無(wú)實(shí)際意義,which表選擇Word came _ our a

12、rmy defeated the enemy. 4. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句. I have no idea where he has gone./ I have no idea when he did it./I have no idea what he did.5. 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：a.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ) 從句的相似之處1）、兩種從句都可以譯成定語(yǔ)The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位語(yǔ)從句）我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that

13、you told us is really encouraging.（定語(yǔ)從句）你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。2）、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位語(yǔ)從句）學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西的建議值得考慮。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定語(yǔ)從句）值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的

14、東西。b、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的不同之處1）、從句的作用不同：同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾、限定前面的名詞。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（從句說(shuō)明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（從句對(duì)“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來(lái)自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）2）、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分

15、；而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充當(dāng)任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。）注：名詞性從句中的whether與if 的總結(jié)： 關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情況如下：A) 在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中。如：The quest

16、ion is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.B) 在主語(yǔ)從句中，只有用it 作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí), whether和if 都能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 否則, 也只能用whether。如: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.C) 在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以省

17、略) 如:It all depends (on) whether they will support us.D) 后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。如： He doesnt know whether to stay or not.E) 后面緊接or not 時(shí)。如：We didnt know whether or not she was ready. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞if, whether均可使用的情況如下：A) 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。如：I wonder if (whether) the news is true or not.B) 在 “be+形容詞” 之后。如：He was not sure whether (if

18、) it is right or wrong. 免歧義時(shí): 表是否就用Whether表如果則用ifI dont care about _ Tom used to be a prisoner. whether鞏固練習(xí)：1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he w

19、ill come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will c

20、ome for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which7.The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 8.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how muc

21、h B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 9.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 10.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 11.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why;

22、because C. why ; that D. that; because12. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because13. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if14. It is known to us _ where there is pollutio

23、n, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that15. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon16. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C.

24、 He broke D. His break17.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what18.- Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes19. He made a promise _ anyone set hi

25、m free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if20. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what21. That is _ paper came into use in China.A. how B. that C. what D. which22. They have no idea at all _.A. where he has gone B. where did he goC. which place had he gone D. where has he g