2018年12月大學英語四級考試真題1及答案解析

1、2018年12月大學英語四級考試真題1及答案解析(1/1)Part I Writing (30 minutes)I.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.下一題(12/共 7 題)Part n Listening ComprehensionSection ADirecti

2、ons: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then m

3、ark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Play00:0002:36Volume 第1題A.Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019B.Design a new generation of mobile phonesC.Set up a mobile phone network on the moon D.Gather data from the noon with a tiny device. 第2題A.It is stab

4、leB.It is durableC.It is inexpensiveD.It is sophisticated上一題下一題(34/共 7 題)Part n Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken o

5、nly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Play00:0001:43Volume 第3題A.It lasted more than six hoursB.No injuries were yet reported.C.Nobody

6、was in the building when it broke out.D.It had bumed for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.第4題A.Recruit and train more firefightersB.Pull down the deserted shopping mallC.Tum the shopping mall into an amusement parkD.Find money to renovate the local neighborhood上一題下一題（57/共 7 題）Part n Liste

7、ning ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four ch

8、oices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Play00:0002:14Volume 第5題A.Shrinking potato farmingB.Heavy reliance on import.C.Widespread plant disease.D.Insufficient potato supply第6題A.It intends to keep its traditional dietB.It

9、wants to expand its own farmingC.It is afraid of the spread of diseaseD.It is worried about unfair competition 第7題A.Global warningB.Ever-risC.Govemment regulation.D.Diminishing investment上一題下一題（811/共 8 題）Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each c

10、onversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the cent

11、re.Play00:0003:39Volume 第8題 A.Informative B.Inspiring C.Dull. D.Shallow.第9題A.She types on a keyboard.B.She does recordingC.She take photoD.she take notes第10題A.It keeps her mind activeB.It makes her stay awakeC.It enables her to think hardD.It helps her kill time 第11題A.It enables her to improve her p

12、ronunciation.B.It helps her better remember what she leamsC.It tums out to be an enjoyable way of learningD.It proves to be far more effective than writing上一題下一題（1215/共 8 題）Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four

13、 questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Play00:0002:60Volume 第12題A.T

14、o spend her honeymoonB.To try authentic Indian food.C.To take photos of the Jaj MahalD.To trace the origin of a love story 第13題A.In memory of a princessB.In honor of a great emperorC.To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600sD.To celebrate the birth of a princess s 14child 第14題A.It looks older tha

15、n expected.B.It is built of wood and bricksC.It stores lots of priceless antiques.D.It has walls decorated with jewels 第15題A.Their streets are narrowB.Each on has a unique characterC.They are mostly crowdedD.Life can be tedious in some places上一題下一題（1618/共 10 題）Section CDirections: In this section, y

16、ou will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Ans

17、wer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Play00:0003:28Volume 第16題A.They help spread the late st technology.B.They greatly enrich people s leisure lifeC.They provide residents with the resources they needD.They allow free access to digital books and videos 第17題A.By helping them find jobsB.

18、By keeping them off the streetsC.By inspiring their creativityD.By providing a place of relaxation 第18題A.Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitfulB.They used libraries less often than teenagersC.They tended to visit libraries regularlyD.Their number increased modestly上一題下一題（1921/共 10 題）Sectio

19、n CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then ma

20、rk the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Play00:0002:37Volume 第19題A.It is the cleverest cat in the worldB.It is an unusual cross breedC.It is the largest cat iD.It is a large-sized wild 第20題A.They are as loyal as dogsB.They are fond of sleeping in cabinets

21、C.They have unusually long tailsD.They know how to please their owners 第21題A.They shake their front pawsB.They shower with themC.They teach them to diveD.They shout at them上一題下一題（2225/共 10 題）Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear

22、three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Play00:00 Volume第22

23、題A.Contented and relievedB.Anxious and depressedC.Proud but a bit nervousD.Excited but somewhat sad第23題A.It starts the moment they are born.8.1 t depends on their parents for successC.It is gaining increasing public attentionD.It is becoming parents biggest concern第24題A.Choose the right school for t

24、hemB.Help them to leam by themselvesC.Read books and magazines to themD.Set a good example for them to follow第25題A.Their intelligenceB.Their home lifeC.The quality of their school.D.The effort they put in learning上一題下一題Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global e

25、conomy more than$5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the mostserious _26_ occurring in the developingworld.The figures include a number of costs _27_ with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollutio

26、n, which includes_28_ like home heating and cooking, has remained _29_ over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murra

27、y _30_ it as an“ urgentcall to action. ” cOnee risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little _31_ ,“ he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income _32_ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 peop

28、le in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they _33_ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited _34_ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely inthe U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel（ 柴油）_

29、35_ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.A.ability B.associated C.consciously D.constant E.control F.damage G.described H.equals I.exclusively J.innovated K.regularly L.relates M.sources N.undermine O.vehicles 第26 題：請 選 擇A.abilityB.associatedC.consciouslyD.c

30、onstantE.controlF.damageG.describedH.equalsI.exclusivelyJ. innovatedK.regularlyL.relatesM.sourcesN.undermineO.vehicles 第28 題：請 選 擇A.abilityB.associatedC.consciouslyD.constantE.controlF.damageG.describedH.equalsI.exclusivelyJ. innovatedK.regularlyL.relatesM.sourcesN.undermineO.vehicles 第30 題：請 選 擇A.a

31、bilityB.associatedC.consciouslyD.constantE.controlF.damageG.describedH.equalsI.exclusivelyJ. innovatedK.regularlyL.relatesM.sourcesN.undermineO.vehicles 第32 題：請 選 擇A.abilityB.associatedC.consciouslyD.constantE.controlF.damageG.describedH.equalsI.exclusivelyJ. innovatedK.regularlyL.relatesM.sourcesN.

32、undermineO.vehicles 第34 題：請 選 擇A.abilityB.associatedC.consciouslyD.constantE.controlF.damageG.describedH.equalsI.exclusivelyJ. innovatedK.regularlyL.relatesM.sourcesN.undermineO.vehicles 上一題下一題 （3645/共 10 題）Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements at

33、tached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

34、2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing ProgressA Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph s market in HuntingBeach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Al

35、lison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. Havou thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. The frozen oranges and apples are a littlecheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepa

36、re, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”B Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center sShopwith Your Doc; p

37、rogram sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.C Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni （通心粉）-and-cheese boxes in Scott ;shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and re

38、al cheese. So have to make it? ” she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thouht of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it.I m not sure they d eat it. They just won t eat it. ”D Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes ratesamong children. In

39、 America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,“ Nadeau tells h“And only 5 percent of our food is plant -based food. I think we should try to reverse that. Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabe

40、tes.E Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications （ 藥 物）.By prescribing nutr

41、itional changes or launching programs such as Shop with your Doc , they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. There s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food c

42、hoices,“ Nadeau says.F In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs o

43、f the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with int

44、ensive training in how to cook it. eally wan ftWWenik food and medicine, and not just give away food, “ says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives.want people to understand what they re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in theirlives.”G In Southern

45、 California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not me

46、an that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation

47、high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.H It s a different paradm。of how to trea

48、t disease,“ says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helpsrun the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients nutritional habits. The med

49、ical center and school at LomaLinda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.I Many people don t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on pa

50、ckaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient family.“What people eat can be medicine or poison,“ Rea

51、says. As a physician, nutrition is one of themost powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long- term disease. ”J Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎癥），for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medic

52、ine physicians recommend a plant-based diet particularly for people with diabetes or otherinflammatory conditions.K As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,says Nguyen. In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to

53、talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.第36題More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced. 第37題There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.第38題There is growing evidence from research that food helps pati

54、ents recover from various illnesses.第39題A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.第40題Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.第41題One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.第42題Scott is not keen on coo

55、king food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time. 第43題Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.第44題Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.第45題Americans high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.上一題下一題（

56、4650/共 10 題）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions o1 unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a si

57、ngle line through the centre.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserve

58、s under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted （抽取）.The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄水層）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable t