金屬熱物性參數(shù)

1、表1 各種金屬的熱物性值金 屬溫 度 ° C比 熱cal/(g·°C)導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)cal/(cm·s·°C)密度r(g/cm3)液相線、固相線溫度(°C)純 鐵25200400769800100015000.1070.1240.1450.3580.2300.1480.1800.1920.1520.1200.0740.0710.0700.032r=7.88(20°C) =7.3(1500°C) =7.0(1600°C)鎮(zhèn)靜鋼(C0.08%)020040080012000.1120.1240.1420.

2、2300.1580.1420.1280.1070.0680.071r=7.86(15°C)軟 鋼(C0.23%)020040080012000.1120.1240.1420.2280.1580.1240.1160.1020.0620.071r=7.86(15°C)碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼(S35C)252004008000.1110.1250.1340.2850.1030.0950.0790.078中碳鋼(C0.4%)020040080012000.1120.1220.1400.1480.1560.1240.1150.1000.0590.071r=7.85(15°C)共析鋼(C

3、0.8%)020040080012000.1080.1280.1440.1460.1600.1190.1080.0910.0580.072r=7.85(15°C)工具鋼(C1.2%)020040080012000.1080.1300.1420.1560.1560.1030.1020.0890.0570.068r=7.83(15°C)續(xù)表1 各種金屬的熱物性值金 屬溫 度 ° C 比 熱cal/(g·°C)導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)cal/(cm·s·°C)密度r(g/cm3)液相線、固相線溫度(°C)Si2%鋼020040

4、080012000.1200.1260.1440.3260.1600.0600.0720.0740.0600.070r=7.73(15°C)Ts=1488TL=1497Cr1%鋼2020040080012000.1140.1240.1420.2060.1460.1060.0920.0620.072r=7.84(15°C)TS=1420TL=1520不銹鋼(AISI 420)2020040080012000.1140.1190.1460.2140.1360.0530.0550.0580.0640.069r=7.7(15°C)13.1Cr,0.5NiTS=1399TL

5、=1454不銹鋼(AISI 304)020040080012000.1180.1280.1360.1540.1600.0350.0430.0500.0630.0761820Cr,812NiTS=1399TL=1454過共晶灰口鑄鐵20200400800900（0.128）（0.134）（0.140）（0.168）（0.173）0.1540.1240.0940.0710.053r=7.0(15°C)比熱相對于普通鑄鐵共晶灰口鑄鐵2020040080012000.1860.1410.1040.0700.036球墨鑄鐵2020040080010000.1190.1010.0870.0720

6、.0510.041r=7.1(15°C)金 屬溫 度 ° C比 熱cal/(g·°C)導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)cal/(cm·s·°C)密度r(g/cm3)液相線、固相線溫度(°C)白口鑄鐵2020040080012000.0450.0510.0530.0470.048r=7.57.8(15°C)純銅20200600100012000.0920.0930.1060.1150.9560.9310.8740.803r=8.92TS=TL=1083Cu90%Al10%2020060010000.1050.1110.1240.1

7、360.1220.1560.2330.310TS=1030TL=1042Cu70%Zn30%202006009000.0940.1000.1130.1230.2670.3490.3590.367TS=915TL=955 Cu60%Zn40%202006009000.0920.0970.1080.1160.3020.3460.3610.334TS=900TL=905Cu70%Ni30%2020060010000.0930.1010.1120.1230.0690.0880.1300.172TS=1170TL=1240Cu60%Ni40%20200600100012000.1010.1050.115

8、0.1250.1300.0560.0740.1130.1520.172TS=1227TL=1280純鋁202005006600.2150.2350.2680.2860.5650.5700.5290.508rs=2.70(15°C)TS=TM=660.2Al-Cu4.5%202005000.2100.2290.2610.4490.4490.461TS=502TL=638金 屬溫 度 ° C 比 熱cal/(g·°C)導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)cal/(cm·s·°C)密度r(g/cm3)液相線、固相線溫度(°C)AlMg8%20200

9、4005000.2180.2380.2600.2710.1990.2860.3820.431TS=540TL=625純鎂202004006500.2460.2630.2880.3250.3730.3620.3530.346rs=1.74TL=TS=651Mg94.7Zn4.6 Zr0.7(相當(dāng)于MC6)202004005490.2420.2640.3030.3410.2610.2960.3190.324TS=549TL=641Mg90.2Al9Zn0.6Mn0.2(相當(dāng)于MC2)202004004680.2350.2610.2910.3000.0510.0560.0620.063TS=468T

10、L=616Inconel X(73Ni,15Cr,7Fe,2.5Ti,1Nb)2020060010000.1030.1150.1330.1970.0280.0350.0520.069rs=6.09TS=1395TL=1427耐鹽酸鎳基合金C600100012000.1260.1530.1670.0460.0700.074TS=1270TL=1305表2 鑄型的熱物性計算公式No視在物性值計算公式備注1澆注合金：鑄鐵硅砂干型，呋喃鑄型2澆注合金：鑄鋁硅砂干砂，呋喃鑄型3澆注合金：鑄鋼硅砂干型4澆注合金：鑄鋼硅砂呋喃鑄型5硅砂6橄欖石砂7鋯砂8鉻砂9硅砂，干型，呋喃鑄型600°C以下0.

11、385<e<0.4940.0058<DP<0.03790.03<W<0.0710硅砂，干型lc由No9的公式求得 澆注合金：鑄鋼硅砂，呋喃鑄型澆注合金：鑄鋼11硅砂，膨潤土7%，水分4%=1.5212硅砂=1.7313橄欖石砂，膨潤土5.9%，水分3.3 %=1.8314鉻砂膨潤土3.9%,水分 2.1%=2.7815鋯砂，膨潤土3.8%,水分2.1=2.78表3 流動臨界固相率 合 金 臨界固相率 文 獻(xiàn) 備 考Al-Si2.4% Si6.2%Al-Si3%0.660.78084考慮了濃化后決定固相率Al-Cu5.5%Al-Mg13.8%85根據(jù)濃度實測值

12、和杠桿定律算出固相率Al-Cu4.5%0.850.8786用謝依爾公式算出固相率AC2BAl-Si9%-Cu4%0.5(金屬型)0.3(砂型)8789用謝依爾公式算出固相率Fe-C0.65%銅0.6980球墨鑄鐵0.7588沒有說明數(shù)據(jù)的明確依據(jù)Al-4.5%Cu0.84(自由凝固)根據(jù)實測，Vc=0.032°C/sCu-8%SnCu-8%Sn-0.5%SiCu-8%Sn-2%Fe0.8 0.75 (自由凝固)0.8根據(jù)固相率與流過細(xì)管道的液體量測出,冷速Vc=0.03°C/sCu-8%Sn 0.430.44(金屬型，型溫373°C)根據(jù)固相率與流過細(xì)管道的液體量

13、測出鑄 鋼 0.65未說明依據(jù)鑄鋼，不銹鋼 0.70未說明依據(jù)表4 部分砂型熱物性數(shù)據(jù)表型 砂 組 成 l(cal/s.cm. °C)×102 C(cal/g°C) r(g/cm3) 說 明石英砂石 英 砂 0.0550.1390.1260.3101.6581.700515°C900°C，粒度50/100“干 砂”0.0780.1911.500未表明者為常溫，下同“濕 砂”0.2710.5031.650石 英 砂0.1120.3630.1910.2811.776 黃 砂0.0670.0821.5801.700 石 英 砂0.0960.3360.

14、120.4560.0720.360.0620.3620.1410.1810.1680.2880.1680.2880.1680.2881.940.1840.1810.2811.7301.6341.4581.6021.6781.46001300°C01300°C01300°C干燥砂，16.5°C含水4.9%，18.9°C01100，T­®a¯鋯砂 鋯 砂0.1910.2510.2230.3910.1200.2100.1300.2022.8302.80001100，T­®a¯0900

15、6;C鉻鐵礦砂 鉻鐵礦砂0.1250.2930.1510.2302.6000900°C水玻璃砂石英砂+5%水玻璃0.6142.583鐵澆注法，界面平均1143°C鉻鐵礦砂+水玻璃0.1390.165鉻鎂礦砂+水玻璃0.2030.2430.139鋼澆注法鋼澆注法石英砂+樹脂鋼澆注法石英砂+5%酚醛樹脂0.1420.20228450°C石英砂+3%7%呋喃樹脂0.1610.1370.2020.181.4801.63025550°C25550°C石英砂+2%呋喃樹脂0.1220.231.480鋁澆注法，666°C石英砂+1.5%呋喃樹脂 0

16、.1870.1920.2420.250.260.261.440.4401.550鐵澆注法，1155°C鋼澆注法，1155°C鋼澆注法，1155°C石英砂+1.5%樹脂0.26200.180.230.260.180.261.6301.440鋼澆注法，1155°C鋼澆注法鉻鐵礦砂+1%樹脂 0.1610.212.900鋼澆注法鉻砂+樹脂鉻砂+1%呋喃樹脂 0.230.2620.130.172.880鋼澆注法常溫1490°C樹脂砂石英砂+6% 水 玻 璃0.230.230.2520.2521.4501.5701.3901.6101.610鋁澆注法，界

17、面平均660°C鋁澆注法，界面平均660°C鐵澆注法，界面平均1155°C鐵澆注法，界面平均1155°C鋼澆注法，界面平均1490°C 表5 典型金屬材料的常溫密度材 質(zhì)密度(g/cm3)材 質(zhì)密度(g/cm3)材 質(zhì)密度(g/cm3)鋼碳素鋼不銹鋼高速鋼7.807.908.208.80灰口鑄鐵(中碳，鐵素體基體)可鍛鑄鐵7.257.27鋁合金鋁硅合金硬鋁ADC102.602.802.71鑄鐵灰口鑄鐵(高碳，鐵素體基體)球墨鑄鐵8.807.10銅合金7-3 黃銅6-4 黃銅高強度黃銅8.508.408.30鋅合金ZDC26.60鎂合金1.80表

18、6典型液體金屬的物性值物 性 值低合金鑄鋼(1600°)普通鑄鐵(1400°C)純 鋁(700°C)純 銅(1100°C) 純 鎂(700°C)液相線溫度(°C)14001530112311306601083851密度(g/cm3)6.807.006.506.902.351.901.58比熱0.150.220.260.120.29導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)40 (純鐵)-10017080凝固潛熱(J.g-1)251268209268394204230凝固收縮率(%)34-0.80.56.54.24.2表面張力()17009209001300560粘度(

19、mPa.s)6581.1241.2熱輻射系數(shù)0.30.45(全輻射系數(shù))0.30.45(全輻射系數(shù))0.12(相對0.65mm 的波長)0.1(相對0.66mm的波長)-表示所給物性值的溫度條件。表7 其它物質(zhì)的熱物性值物質(zhì)名溫度(°C)比 熱導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)密度r(g/cm3)粘度m(Pa.s),其它cal.g-1.°C-1cal.cm-1s-1°C-1干燥空氣氮氫水汽缸油石 膏石 棉混凝土玻璃纖維砂 巖杉樹條硅 磚鋯 磚鎂 磚渣渣 20 20 20 20 20 20 100 20 20 20 23 500 500 100010001500100015000.240.2

20、53.391.00.450.150.20.1950.210.160.170.0720.230.140.30.2630.416.2×10-57.6×10-54.2×10-41.4×10-33.6×10-41.45×10-34.5×10-4(23)×10-39.6×10-54.1×10-32.6×10-43×10-36×10-3(1.48.8)×10-31.7×10-31.2×10-3 r=1.0, r=0.89, m=0.8r=0.81.

21、5r=0.58r=1.92.3r=0.2r=2.2r=0.42r=1.7r=3.7r=2.53CaO35%-SiO245%-Al2O320%CaO50%-SiO235%-Al2O315%表8 鑄型內(nèi)的傳熱系數(shù)No. 比熱流量q傳熱系數(shù)h=q/(T1-T2) 備 注時間(s)cal/(cm2.s)cal/(cm2.s.°C)1 0 5 10 20 3036.146.046.029.027.00.0140.0340.0310.0190.017C0.035%鋼T1=TC(鑄片)T2=TM(結(jié)晶器)鑄造速度=1.08m/min彎曲型扁板連鑄機2 15 20 30 40 50 60 700.0

22、350.0310.0240.0190.0140.0140.018C0.120.16%鋼連鑄T1=TC(鑄片)T2=TW(冷卻水)鑄造速度=0.8m/min3 0 5 10 15 20 3022.833.731.624.718.615.3 0.016 0.022 0.021 0.016 0.012 0.010同上鑄造速度=2.03m/min 4 0.021 0.085 0.011 0.091鑄鐵臥式連鑄機 石墨鑄型 j203 mm同上，j305mm5 0.040.06 0.0060.01鋁連續(xù)鑄造6 240 300 600 1300 1800 0.0075 0.0067 0.0050 0.003

23、5 0.0026Fe-V2.85%銅鑄型(僅單面)真空中7 0 60 120 240 360 600 0.023 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.012碳素鋼表面氧化鑄鐵鑄型8 1.92.2Al 合金，壓鑄90.03鋁硅合金液體金屬流動時(金屬型)10 0.010.02Al合金，金屬型，低壓鑄造11 0.30.4 0.040.07Al, 金屬型鑄造(涂料50200mm)12 0.110.17 0.0040.007銅連續(xù)鑄造13 0.20.40.06銅合金(金屬型) 14 >0.08 0.056 0.024 0.014 0.014鑄鋼/砂型(難以產(chǎn)生空隙時)15 300

24、 420 600 1200 1800 0.022 0.014 0.011 0.0084 0.0055同上(容易產(chǎn)生空隙時)表9 合金的密度、潛熱合金rs(20°C)(kg/m3)rs(Ts)(kg/m3)L(kJ/kg)1%Cr鋼7840-2771.5%Mn鋼7850-2772%Si鋼7730-333奧氏體不銹鋼77007000294鐵素體不銹鋼8000-3040.08%C鋼780070300.23%C鋼786070300.80%C鋼785069901.20%C鋼78306900白口鑄鐵7650(7000)灰口鑄鐵7100(6650)Al-4.5%Cu2980(2630)-Al Si 7Mg2680(2